The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). IV. Nutritional cycle

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
General Body ◽  
Galaxias Maculatus ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Intensity Of Feeding

The nutritional cycle of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous streamdwelling fish Galaxias maculatus inhabiting Lake Modewarre (south-western Victoria) was studied by following seasonal fluctuations in its general body condition, liver condition, visceral fat stores, and intensity of feeding. The interrelations of these parameters of nutritional condition and the gonadal cycle (which was described in a previous paper in the same series) are then considered. The conclusion is drawn that the landlocked jollytail, like some of the related salmonid fishes, belongs to the nutritional category of "fat fishes", in which lipid reserves are mobilized from fat stores other than the liver for development of the gametes and the reproductive effort.

ARE BODY CONDITION AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT OF LAYING GREATER SNOW GEESE AFFECTED BY THE SPRING HUNT?

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mainguy ◽  
Joël Bêty ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
Jean-François Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Snow Geese

Timing is the only thing: reproduction in female yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Vasilieva ◽  
A.V. Tchabovsky
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Individual Offspring ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Spermophilus Fulvus

Based on 4-year field observations of yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823)), we determined whether female reproductive effort, annual reproductive success, and survival were dependent on age, body condition, time of emergence from hibernation, and previous reproduction. The probability of weaning a litter did not vary with female age, body condition, time of emergence, or previous reproduction. Litter size, litter mass, and offspring survival did not vary with age, whereas individual offspring mass was lower in yearlings than in older females. Body condition upon emergence had no effect on litter size, litter mass, offspring mass, and survival. Reproduction did not influence female survival, physical condition upon emergence next spring, or subsequent reproductive efforts. The only factor that affected the extent of reproductive effort and offspring survival was the date of emergence: the later a female emerged, the lower the total and mean offspring mass, and fewer offspring survived. The modulation of reproduction in female S. fulvus by only the timing of vernal emergence and independent of other individual characteristics can be explained by the high costs of missed reproductive opportunity because of short longevity combined with low costs of reproduction when resources are abundant enough to meet both somatic and reproductive needs.

Differences in growth rate, body condition, habitat use and food availability between island and mainland lizard populations ofAnolis nebulosusin Jalisco, Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Hugo Siliceo-Cantero ◽  
Andrés García
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Continental Population ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract:Lizards of the genusAnolishave been widely studied, however, little is known about the effects of environmental seasonality, food availability and geographic isolation on body condition, growth rate and habitat use of lizards. The existence of an insular and a continental population ofAnolis nebulosus(clouded anole), separated by only 0.47 km, represents an ideal opportunity to address this topic. We compared seasonal fluctuations in food availability (arthropod density) for anoles, as well as body condition, growth rate and habitat use in the two populations. Food availability throughout the year was sampled every 2 mo by trapping arthropods at each site. Lizards were also monitored and measured every 2 mo by surveying three quadrats in each site over 2 y giving a total of 30 visits for each quadrat. Results suggested that composition and density of food supply was similar for the two populations. Nevertheless, food supply responded to seasonality of rainfall, with an increase of 1.5 times during the rainy season. Despite similarity in food availability, insular anoles had body condition that was 5–10 times better, with growth rate twice as fast, and used similar perches. The role of predation, and inter- and intraspecific competition are discussed as possible drivers.

The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). III. Structure of the gonads

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Gonadal Maturation ◽  
Galaxias Maculatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Victoria

Changes in the gross morphology and histological structure of the gonads of a landlocked form of Galaxias maculatus inhabiting Lake Modewarre, south-western Victoria, are described in relation to the seasonal pattern of gonadal maturation outlined in a previous paper on the life history of this fish. Macroscopic changes in the gross morphology of the gonads are classified as to seven arbitrary maturity stages, these approximately corresponding, in the case of the male, with seven histological stages of testicular development. Nine stages of oocyte development in the ovaries of female fish are also outlined, and a single case of synchronous abnormal hermaphroditism is described. The above findings are then discussed in relation to those of previous studies on the gonads of a variety of teleost fishes, and in particular a number of other forms also belonging to the order Salmoniformes.

scholarly journals AN AYURVEDIC REVIEW OF KARNANADA W.S.R. TINNITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-798
Author(s):  
Anubha Jain ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Treatment Guideline ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tinnitus Patient ◽  
General Body ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Karnanada considered as illness caused due to vitiated VataDosha in which a person hears different types of sound in absence of any relevant external stimulus. Now days, it can be considered as tinnitus, a disease with mul- tifactorial etiology. It may be concerned with unhealthy condition of only ear, ear with head disease, only head disease or may be associated with general body condition. In tinnitus patient got ringing, buzzing or other type of sound in one or both ears which might be constant and inconstant often associated with hearing loss. In Ayurveda it is described as preliminary symptoms of hearing loss, which without treatment or with incomplete or improper treatment will progress towards hearing loss. In present scenario of electronic devices which produces electro- magnetic waves (which are harmful to ear including whole body organs), number of such type of cases are in- creasing frequently worldwide. Causes of tinnitus according to modern medicine is unclear or having multiple etiologies therefore treatment guideline of tinnitus in modern practice is not definite hence prognosis of disease also remains uncertain. But in Ayurveda prognosis and line of treatment of Karnanada is mentioned and we can achieve good and satisfactory result. Keywords: Karnanada, Tinnitus, Ayurveda

Influence of body fat stores on reproductive performance of sows

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 29-29
Author(s):  
C.T. Whittemore ◽  
A.G. Taylor ◽  
G.M. Hillyer ◽  
D. Wilson ◽  
C. Stamataris
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurement ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Recommended Guidelines

The most effective basis for derivation of simple feeding rules to ensure sow productivity is still in question. Liveweight change has emerged from a long series of feeding experiments as being potentially adequate for the purpose, however this has not net with success in pig units in the face of unwillingness by commercial sow herd managers to regularly weigh their sows. The most likely contender as an alternative to sow weight change as a measure of effective sow feeding is body condition; especially the amount of fat carried on the back. Indeed, it may be that body condition is a better indicator than live weight of the propensity of a sow to breed. It is possible to envisage recommended guidelines for feed allowances based upon condition score, or, more objectively, from a simple ultrasonic measurement of backfat depth at P2. The immediate objective of the current experimentation was to arrive at simple statements of targets for condition score and backfat depths which might be indicative of adequate and cost-effective sow feeding.

scholarly journals Fat-Deposition Strategies Among High-Latitude Passerine Migrants

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-557
Author(s):  
Anna-Marie Benson ◽  
Kevin Winker
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Condition Indices

Abstract We studied fat stores in passerine migrants at a high-latitude site in Fairbanks, Alaska (64°50'N, 147°50'W). We examined fat-deposition strategies during the final (spring) and initial (autumn) stages of long-distance migration, 1992–1998, to (1) improve understanding of geographic fat-deposition patterns by adding a high-latitude perspective; (2) determine whether there are age-related differences in fat-deposition strategies in autumn; and (3) test the “spring fatter” hypothesis of seasonal fat-deposition, which suggests that migrants should carry more fat in spring when they near their breeding areas than in autumn when they depart. Our analyses examined factors affecting daily fat scores during migration and compared between-season differences in fat stores among a total of 18,685 individuals of 16 migrant species. In autumn, adults had higher visible subcutaneous fat scores than immatures in 11 of 16 species. However, in all but two species, those differences were attributable to the effects of overnight low temperature, day length, and time of day, rather than age, probably because of later departures by adults. Fat scores were higher in autumn than in spring in 6 of 16 species, and body-condition indices were higher in autumn in 5 of 16 species. Only one species showed higher fat scores in spring, but that difference was not reflected in a seasonal comparison of body- condition indices. No species arrived with high fat loads in spring, and generally low fat levels in autumn suggest that high-latitude passerine migrants in North America are paying most of the energetic costs of long-distance migration with resources obtained en route to their wintering grounds. Among passerine migrants near these high-latitude breeding grounds, seasonal fat-deposition strategies appear to be responding to energetic needs at the level of daily maintenance, rather than to hypothesized insurance needs in spring or to the forthcoming needs of a long- distance migration in autumn.

What drives seasonal fluctuations of body condition in a semelparous income breeder octopus?

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Quetglas ◽  
Francesc Ordines ◽  
Maria Valls
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations

Seasonal fluctuations of body condition in northern sika deer on Hokkaido Island, Japan

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Yokoyama ◽  
Manabu Onuma ◽  
Masatsugu Suzuki ◽  
Koichi Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Hokkaido Island
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