scholarly journals Body Condition and Adjustments to Reproductive Effort in Female Moose (Alces alces)

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1345-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Testa ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Alces Alces

ARE BODY CONDITION AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT OF LAYING GREATER SNOW GEESE AFFECTED BY THE SPRING HUNT?

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mainguy ◽  
Joël Bêty ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
Jean-François Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Snow Geese

Timing is the only thing: reproduction in female yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Vasilieva ◽  
A.V. Tchabovsky
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Individual Offspring ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Spermophilus Fulvus

Based on 4-year field observations of yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823)), we determined whether female reproductive effort, annual reproductive success, and survival were dependent on age, body condition, time of emergence from hibernation, and previous reproduction. The probability of weaning a litter did not vary with female age, body condition, time of emergence, or previous reproduction. Litter size, litter mass, and offspring survival did not vary with age, whereas individual offspring mass was lower in yearlings than in older females. Body condition upon emergence had no effect on litter size, litter mass, offspring mass, and survival. Reproduction did not influence female survival, physical condition upon emergence next spring, or subsequent reproductive efforts. The only factor that affected the extent of reproductive effort and offspring survival was the date of emergence: the later a female emerged, the lower the total and mean offspring mass, and fewer offspring survived. The modulation of reproduction in female S. fulvus by only the timing of vernal emergence and independent of other individual characteristics can be explained by the high costs of missed reproductive opportunity because of short longevity combined with low costs of reproduction when resources are abundant enough to meet both somatic and reproductive needs.

WINTER BODY CONDITION OF MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) IN A DECLINING POPULATION IN NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. DelGiudice ◽  
Barry A. Sampson ◽  
Mark S. Lenarz ◽  
Michael W. Schrage ◽  
Andrew J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Alces Alces

scholarly journals Dispersal as a source of variation in age-specific reproductive strategies in a wild population of lizards

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1820) ◽  
pp. 20151741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Cotto ◽  
Manuel Massot ◽  
Ophélie Ronce ◽  
Jean Clobert
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
High Investment

Dispersal syndromes describe the patterns of covariation of morphological, behavioural, and life-history traits associated with dispersal. Studying dispersal syndromes is critical to understanding the demographic and genetic consequences of movements. Among studies describing the association of life-history traits with dispersal, there is anecdotal evidence suggesting that dispersal syndromes can vary with age. Recent theory also suggests that dispersive and philopatric individuals might have different age-specific reproductive efforts. In a wild population of the common lizard ( Zootoca vivipara ), we investigated whether dispersive and philopatric individuals have different age-specific reproductive effort, survival, offspring body condition, and offspring sex ratio. Consistent with theoretical predictions, we found that young dispersive females have a higher reproductive effort than young philopatric females. Our results also suggest that the early high investment in reproduction of dispersive females trades-off with an earlier onset of senescence than in philopatric females. We further found that young dispersive females produce smaller offspring in lower body condition than do young philopatric females. Overall, our results provide empirical evidence that dispersive and philopatric individuals have different age-specific life-history traits.

Intra- and inter-individual variation in reproductive effort in captive-breeding zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Zebra Finches

Intraspecific variation in egg size, clutch size, and timing of laying was studied in captive-breeding zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) maintained under conditions of constant temperature, humidity, photoperiod (14 h light: 10 h dark), and ad libitum food supply. Individual variation was marked in the experimental population: egg size 0.915–1.342 g, clutch size 2–7 eggs, and laying interval 4–13 days; however, within individual females egg size (r = 0.742) and clutch size (r = 0.588) were highly repeatable between first and second clutches. Body condition explained only 8% of egg size variation, and clutch size and laying interval were independent of body condition. Clutch size was negatively related to laying interval: females laying later relative to pairing laid smaller clutches (b = −0.175 eggs/day). Body mass of breeding females decreased by 1.57 g (9% of initial mass) during laying of first clutches; mass loss was positively related to initial body condition (R2 = 27.8%) and total clutch mass (R2 = 7.6%). Mass loss was lower (0.47 g) during laying of second or replacement clutches than during laying of first clutches. Individual variation in reproductive effort in captive-breeding zebra finches is very similar to that in free-living avian populations. Laboratory studies on captive-breeding species can provide a valuable approach for the study of proximate physiological mechanisms underlying intraspecific variation in reproduction.

scholarly journals Condition-dependent reproductive effort in frogs infected by a widespread pathogen

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1810) ◽  
pp. 20150694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Roznik ◽  
Sarah J. Sapsford ◽  
David A. Pike ◽  
Lin Schwarzkopf ◽  
Ross A. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Timing Of Reproduction ◽  
Factors Affecting

To minimize the negative effects of an infection on fitness, hosts can respond adaptively by altering their reproductive effort or by adjusting their timing of reproduction. We studied effects of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on the probability of calling in a stream-breeding rainforest frog ( Litoria rheocola ). In uninfected frogs, calling probability was relatively constant across seasons and body conditions, but in infected frogs, calling probability differed among seasons (lowest in winter, highest in summer) and was strongly and positively related to body condition. Infected frogs in poor condition were up to 40% less likely to call than uninfected frogs, whereas infected frogs in good condition were up to 30% more likely to call than uninfected frogs. Our results suggest that frogs employed a pre-existing, plastic, life-history strategy in response to infection, which may have complex evolutionary implications. If infected males in good condition reproduce at rates equal to or greater than those of uninfected males, selection on factors affecting disease susceptibility may be minimal. However, because reproductive effort in infected males is positively related to body condition, there may be selection on mechanisms that limit the negative effects of infections on hosts.

scholarly journals Are Body Condition and Reproductive Effort of Laying Greater Snow Geese Affected by the Spring Hunt?

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mainguy ◽  
Joël Bêty ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
Jean-François Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrient Storage ◽  
Chen Caerulescens ◽  
Snow Geese ◽  
Chen Caerulescens Atlantica

Abstract A spring hunt was implemented on the staging areas of Greater Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica) in Quebec in 1999 and 2000. We evaluated whether this activity, which occurred during the period of spring nutrient storage, may have affected the body condition and reproductive effort of laying geese. We collected laying females in years with a spring hunt (1999–2000, n = 34) and compared them with birds collected in years without a hunt (1989–1990, n = 10). All indices of body condition and clutch size were significantly lower in years with a hunt than in years without, and laying dates were delayed. Tracking of radio-marked females on the staging and breeding areas showed that a lower proportion of females reached the nesting areas in years with a hunt (28% in 1999–2000, n = 80) than in years without (85% in 1997–1998, n = 80) and that fewer females nested (9% vs. 56%, respectively). Our results suggest that the spring hunt negatively affected nesting geese. ¿Son Afectadas por la Cacería de Primavera la Condición Física y el Esfuerzo Reproductivo de Chen caerulescens atlantica? Resumen. La cacería de primavera fue implementada en áreas de escala de Chen caerulescens atlantica en Quebec en 1999 y 2000. Evaluamos si la cacería, que se llevó a cabo durante el período primaveral de acumulación de nutrientes, pudo haber afectado la condición fisica y el esfuerzo reproductivo de los gansos. Colectamos hembras que estuvieran poniendo huevos en años con cacería de primavera (1999–2000, n = 34) y las comparamos con aves colectadas en años sin cacería (1989–1990, n = 10). Todos los índices de la condición física y del tamaño de la nidada fueron significativamente menores en años con cacería que en años sin cacería, y se retrasaron las fechas de puesta. El seguimiento de hembras marcadas con radio en áreas de escala y cría mostró que una menor proporción llegó a las áreas de nidificación en años con cacería (28% en 1999–2000, n = 80) que en años sin cacería (85% en 1997–1998, n = 80), y que menos hembras nidificaron (9% vs. 56%, respectivamente). Nuestros resultados sugieren que la cacería de primavera afecta negativamente a los gansos nidificantes.

Body temperature patterns vary with day, season, and body condition of moose (Alces alces)

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1466-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P Thompson ◽  
Perry S Barboza ◽  
John A Crouse ◽  
Thomas J McDonough ◽  
Oriana H Badajos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Daily Change ◽  
Core Body

Abstract Variation in core body temperature of mammals is a result of endogenous regulation of heat from metabolism and the environment, which is affected by body size and life history. We studied moose (Alces alces) in Alaska to examine the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on core body temperature at seasonal and daily time scales. We used a modified vaginal implant transmitter to record core body temperature in adult female moose at 5-min intervals for up to 1 year. Core body temperature in moose showed a seasonal fluctuation, with a greater daily mean core body temperature during the summer (38.2°C, 95% CI = 38.1–38.3°C) than during the winter (37.7°C, 95% CI = 37.6–37.8°C). Daily change in core body temperature was greater in summer (0.92°C, 95% CI = 0.87–0.97°C) than in winter (0.58°C, 95% CI = 0.53–0.63°C). During winter, core body temperature was lower and more variable as body fat decreased among female moose. Ambient temperature and vapor pressure accounted for a large amount of the residual variation (0.06–0.09°C) in core body temperature after accounting for variation attributed to season and individual. Ambient temperature and solar radiation had the greatest effect on the residual variation (0.17–0.20°C) of daily change in core body temperature. Our study suggests that body temperature of adult female moose is influenced by body reserves within seasons and by environmental conditions within days. When studying northern cervids, the influence of season and body condition on daily patterns of body temperature should be considered when evaluating thermal stress.

Age-Related Reproductive Effort and Senescence in Free-Ranging Moose, Alces alces

Ecology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Ericsson ◽  
Kjell Wallin ◽  
John P. Ball ◽  
Martin Broberg
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Free Ranging
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