scholarly journals Mycobacterium bovis: an extraordinary pathogen

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Debby Cousins
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Evolutionary Spectrum

Mycobacterium bovis, originally considered to be the precursor of human tuberculosis by ?crossing over? when man first began domesticating animals, is now considered at the opposite end of the evolutionary spectrum. M. bovis belongs in the M. tuberculosis complex, a group of organisms that has, until relatively recently, contained the established pathogens M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. bovis (and M. bovis BCG) and M. microti. M. tuberculosis and M. africanum primarily affect humans and M. microti is the main pathogen of voles. M. bovis is the causative organism of bovine tuberculosis, a well known zoonotic disease that can impact on human health, international trade and production. In fact, because of these factors, most developed countries have spent large sums of money attempting to eradicate or control bovine tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Antelopes in a Zoo in Poland – Problem of Public Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Krajewska ◽  
Michał Załuski ◽  
Anna Zabost ◽  
Blanka Orłowska ◽  
Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Mycobacterium Caprae ◽  
In Captivity

Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease that occurs in many species of both domestic and wild animals, as well as those held in captivity. The etiological factor is the acid resistant bacillus (Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium caprae), which is characterized by the major pathogenicity among mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The material from 8 antelopes from the zoo, suspected for tuberculosis were examined, and M. bovis strains were isolated from 6 of them. The spoligotyping method showing spoligo pattern 676763777777600. In Poland, this spoligotype has not been observed so far.

scholarly journals Facts about Wildlife Diseases: Bats and Coronaviruses

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly K. Ober ◽  
Samantha M. Wisely
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Agronomic Crops ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Close Proximity

Bats make valuable contributions to natural ecosystems and provide benefits to people. We explain below how some unusual physical adaptations allow bats to harbor viruses that cause no harm to themselves but cause grave illness in humans. Transmission of these pathogens from bats to humans can occur only when humans have close interactions with bats and contact with their bodily fluids. A number of strategies could reduce the likelihood of bat viruses crossing over to humans, such as restrictions on harvesting of bats as bushmeat, curtailment of live wildlife markets, enforcement of regulations on illegal wildlife trade, and limiting deforestation and cave vandalism to reduce movement of bats into close proximity to humans. Enhancing efforts to protect bat roosts can reduce the likelihood of future zoonotic disease pandemics while also increasing the natural pest reduction services bats provide as they consume insects that cause damage to agronomic crops. Protecting bat roosts can also benefit human health by ensuring bats continue to consume mosquitos responsible for transmitting diseases such as Zika, Dengue, Malaria, and Chikungunya.

scholarly journals Eliminating bovine tuberculosis from Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Debby Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
One Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
State Control ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The One

Mycobacterium bovis, the causative organism of bovine tuberculosis (TB), has a worldwide distribution. Australia, like most developed countries, recognised the zoonotic risk of bovine TB, and embarked on state control programs to minimise the incidence of disease in cattle in the 1960’s and a national campaign to eradicate the disease in 1970. Veterinarians, physicians and many other different disciplines worked cooperatively in Australia to understand and solve the problem; perhaps a very early example of the One Health concept in action.

scholarly journals Evaluation of classical and rapid methods for isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
T. Savova-Lalkovska ◽  
M. Bonovska ◽  
A. Dimitrova ◽  
V. Valcheva ◽  
Y. Petkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

Bovine tuberculosis is still a serious problem with major economic impact in many countries. The aim of study was to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of the classical and some modern, rapid methods for isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis. In the period 2015-2018 from 29 outbreaks in 10 different regions of Bulgaria, 1193 lymph nodes from slaughtered cattle were examined by pathoanatomical, bacteriological, PCR and immunochromatographic methods. Of the 283 bacterial isolates, 263 were identified as M. bovis - member of the M. tuberculosis complex.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Mycobacterium bovis Cattle Isolates, Algeria

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Fatah Tazerart ◽  
Jamal Saad ◽  
Naima Sahraoui ◽  
Djamel Yala ◽  
Abdellatif Niar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Complex Species

Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species responsible for tuberculosis in cattle and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, is present in Algeria. In Algeria however, the M. bovis population structure is unknown, limiting understanding of the sources and transmission of bovine tuberculosis. In this study, we identified the whole genome sequence (WGS) of 13 M. bovis strains isolated from animals exhibiting lesions compatible with tuberculosis, which were slaughtered and inspected in five slaughterhouses in Algeria. We found that six isolates were grouped together with reference clinical strains of M. bovis genotype-Unknown2. One isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown7, one isolate was related to M. bovis genotype-Unknown4, three isolates belonged to M. bovis genotype-Europe 2 and there was one new clone for two M. bovis isolates. Two isolates from Blida exhibited no pairwise differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms. None of these 13 isolates were closely related to four zoonotic M. bovis isolates previously characterized in Algeria. In Algeria, the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in cattle is partly driven by cross border movements of animals and animal products.

scholarly journals Bovine Tuberculosis in Colombia; Findings from Histopathological, Microbiological and Molecular Tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Palomino Cadavid ◽  
Dubel Ignacio Balvin ◽  
Jhon Ruiz Buitrago ◽  
Rafael Villarreal Julio ◽  
Enderson Murillo Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Comparative Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Granulomatous Lesions

Abstract Tuberculosis is a zoonotic infectious disease, caused by bacteria of the tuberculosis complex. Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), and it can also infect other domestic animals, wild fauna, and humans. The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) through intradermal injections is challenging, and to understand the behaviour of other diagnostic tests is crucial. The aim of this research is to analyse three diagnostic tests against bTB in water buffaloes with positive test DPP. Different diagnostic tests were tested in 50 buffaloes diagnosed with bTB Cervical Comparative Test, from the Colombian lower tropic. Lesions compatible with bTB in 26 buffaloes with a positive DPP ; Four out of 2 samples of Mycobacterium bovis in DPP-positive buffaloes were isolated and confirmed positively in tissues using PCR-HRM, three buffaloes showed granulomatous lesions in histological analyses with positive microbiological isolation; 17 DPP-positive buffaloes had a positive PCR-HRM test and nine of these buffaloes showed no histological findings compatible with bTB, leading to purely molecular diagnosis. Evidence in histological, microbiological, and molecular findings in DPP is positive for the water buffaloes. None of the complementary tests showed 100% concordance with the intradermal results obtained with the Cervical Comparative Test for bTB.

Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽  
Paul Walter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
New Science ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

HARMONISING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN THE SADC

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-109
Author(s):  
Stephen De la Harpe
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Regional Competition ◽  
Model Law ◽  
Opening Up

The promotion of international trade is seen as one of the important instruments to ensure development in developing nations and regions. The history of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and the drafting of many regional and similar international trade agreements are evidence of this. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is no exception.1 It is therefore strange that many states that are members of the WTO and actively encourage the opening up of international borders to free trade do not include public procurement2 in such free trade arrangements. This is particularly evident in developing states. If the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA), which is a plurilateral agreement, is considered it is clear that many states do not wish to open their internal markets to competition in the public procurement sphere. It is therefore not surprising that public procurement has been described as the last rampart of state protectionism (Ky, 2012). Public procurement is an important segment of trade in any country (Arrowsmith & Davies, 1998). It is estimated that public procurement represents between 10% and 15% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of developed countries and up to 25% of GDP in developing states (Wittig, 1999). Unfortunately, governments often expect private industry to open up national markets for international competition but do not lead the way. Except for the limited use of pooled procurement,3 no specific provision is at present made for the harmonisation and integration of public procurement in the SADC. In view of the proximity of the member states, the interdependency of their economies and the benefits that can be derived from opening up their boundaries to regional competition in public procurement, the possibility of harmonisation and deeper integration in this sphere needs to be given more attention. The importance of public procurement in international trade and regional integration is twofold: first, it forms a substantial part of trade with the related economic and developmental implications; secondly, it is used by governments as an instrument to address socio-economic issues. Public procurement spending is also important because of its potential influence on human rights, including aspects such as the alleviation of poverty, the achievement of acceptable labour standards and environmental goals, and similar issues (McCrudden, 1999). In this article the need to harmonise public procurement in the SADC in order to open up public procurement to regional competition, some of the obstacles preventing this, and possible solutions are discussed. Reference is made to international instruments such as the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), the Model Law on Public Procurement and the GPA. In particular, the progress made in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) with regard to the harmonisation of public procurement, which was based on the Model Law, will be used to suggest possible solutions to the problem of harmonising public procurement in the SADC.

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