Understanding the heat resistance of cucumber through leaf transcriptomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Xiaoming He ◽  
Qin Peng ◽  
Zhaojun Liang ◽  
Qingwu Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Insight Into

Heat stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant productivity and quality in agriculture. Cucumber, one of the most important vegetables among cucurbitaceae, prefers to grow in a warm environment. Until now the molecular knowledge of heat stress in cucumber remained unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis using two diverse genetic cucumber cultivars, L-9 and A-16 grown under normal and heat stress. L-9 displayed heat-tolerance phenotype with higher superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than A-16 under heat stress. RNA-sequencing revealed that a total of 963 and 2778 genes are differentially expressed between L-9 and A-16 under normal and heat stress respectively. In addition, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with plant hormones signally pathway, transcription factors, and secondary metabolites showed significantly change in expression level after heat stress, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR assay. Our results not only explored several crucial genes involved in cucumber heat resistance, but also provide a new insight into studying heat stress.

Stressed Response of Submerged Elodea nattalii under Eutrophication Growth Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Han Feng Xiong ◽  
Qi Ling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mda Content

Eutrophication in water bodies affects the growth of aquatic plants. In this study, we conducted static experiments to better understand the metabolic responses of Elodea nattalii under eutrophication conditions. The nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) levels in tissue, malondiadehyde (MDA), and activities of three antioxidases (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) of Elodea nattalii cultured at different nutrient levels (oligotropher, mesotropher, eutropher, and hypertrophics) were investigated. The results showed that with nutrient concentration increase, N and P contents of Elodea nattalii increased. The MDA content improved with nutrient increase. the POD activity initially increased and later decreased. CAT and SOD activities decreased during the experimental time period. These finding suggested that changes in stem the increase of antioxidant enzyme activity can be served as the indicators of the response of Elodea nattalii to eutrophication conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis on the functional activity of boars’ sperm with corrections of mineral nutrition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Karpovskiy ◽  
◽  
S. Usenko ◽  
A. Shostya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Heat Stress Resistance

The use of chelated compounds of trace elements as an alternative to mineral salts can increase their conversion, reduce the content in feed and prevent environmental pollution. However, it remains relevant to study the effect of these substances on the reproductive capacity of pigs. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis (PAH) on the functional activity of sperm of boars in the correction of mineral nutrition. The study used adult boars of the Large White breed. The duration of the experiment was 120 days, including: preparatory - 30, basic - 60 (feeding lactates of Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron) and final - 30 days. In the main period of the experiment, the diet of animals in the control group remained unchanged, and two experimental were with the addition of lactates Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron. The level of biologically active components in the diet of the experimental groups was higher by 10% and 20% compared with the control group. In the obtained blood samples it was determined the state of PAG. The functional activity of sperm in stored spermatozoa at 170C after 3 hours of incubation was determined by their activity and survival by testing for heat resistance, heat stress resistance, the number of anomalies and the integrity of acrosomes. It was found that the introduction of lactates of Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Iron in the feed mixture to boars significantly changes the state of PAG in blood depending on the number of additionally fed lactates of trace elements. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10% above the norm after 60 days of feeding helps to preserve the content of antioxidant vitamins, reduced glutathione, stimulates the functional activity of superoxide dismutase by 50% and catalase by 23.6% and is accompanied by a slight decrease in peroxidation processes. conjugates and TBC-active complexes. The addition of lactates of micronutrients to the feed mixture is by 20% more than norma for boars, compared with the control group, after 30 days of use stimulates peroxidation, accompanied by intensive use of non-enzymatic - vitamin A (p <0,05-0,01) and activation of enzymatic antioxidants - superoxide dismutase (p <0.05-0.01) and catalase, which lasts for 90 days. The viability of sperm is significantly correlated with the number of additionally fed lactates of trace elements. The addition of these biologically active substances by 10% more than normal after 60 days of feeding helps to increase the functional activity of sperm for 3 hours at a temperature of 170C storage, heat resistance (p <0.05), heat stress resistance, increases their ability to fertilize. The addition of lactates of micronutrients in the feed mixture is by 20% more than the norm for boars in comparison with the control group after two months of feeding increases the number of pathological forms of sperm (p <0,005), acrosome damage (p <0,05), reduces heat resistance and heat stress resistance of sperm <0.05), which reduces their fertility. It was found the fact that the processes of peroxidation in blood of boars are significantly interrelated with the functional activity of sperm in stored spermatozoa. The content of primary and secondary peroxidation products significantly correlates with the fertilizing ability of sperm in the range of r = 0.95… 0.99. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase are significantly interrelated with the fertilizing ability of sperm: in animals of the second group, the correlation coefficients were respectively r = 0.98 and r = 0.97, the third - r = 0.12 and r = 0.96, the first - r = - 0.58 and r = 0.80.

scholarly journals Spermidine Induces Expression of Stress Associated Proteins (SAPs) Genes and Protects Rice Seed from Heat Stress-Induced Damage during Grain-Filling

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1544
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Yuying Fu ◽  
Qingshan Mou ◽  
Jianyu An ◽  
Xiaobo Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Heat stress during seed maturation significantly reduced seed size and quality. Polyamines, especially spermidine (Spd), were reported to be closely related to seed development and plant heat tolerance. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) also played a critical role in plant heat resistance, but the relationship between Spd and SAPs in improving rice tolerance to heat stress during grain filling has not been reported. Our results showed that the external spraying Spd (1.5 mM) significantly increased seed germination rate, germination index, vigor index and 1000-grain weight, significantly increased endogenous Spd, spermine (Spm) content and peroxidase activity; significantly reduced MDA content; and greatly alleviated the impact of heat stress on rice seed quality during grain filling stage as compared with high temperature control. OsSAP5 was the most upregulated expression induced by Spd, and may be mainly involved in the Spd-mediated enhancement of high-temperature resistance during rice seed development. Overexpression of OsSAP5 in Arabidopsis enhanced 1000-grain weight and seed heat resistance. Exogenous Spd alleviated the survival rate and seedling length, reduced MDA content, and upregulated the expression levels of SPDS and SPMS in Atsap4 mutant under high temperature during seed germination. In all, exogenous Spd alleviated the heat damage on seed quality during the grain filling stage and seed germination stage by improving endogenous Spd and Spm. OsSAP5, a key gene induced by Spd, might be involved in the rice heat resistance and seed quality in coordination with Spd and Spm.

Evaluation of Azadirachtin on Arthrospira plantensis Gomont growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Hatice Tunca ◽  
Ali Doğru ◽  
Feray Köçkar ◽  
Burçin Önem ◽  
Tuğba Ongun Sevindik
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Mda Content

Azadirachtin (Aza) used as insecticide due to inhibiting growth of insects and preventing them from feeding on plants. To understand the effects of contamination of this insecticide on phototrophs, and to determine the responses of these organisms against these insecticides are extremely important in understanding how the ecosystem is affected. In this study, chlorophyll-a amount, OD 560 and antioxidant parameters (total SOD, APX, GR, Proline, MDA and H2O2) were determined in order to understand the effect of Aza on Arthrospira platensis Gomont. Aza was applied between 0–20 μg mL−1 concentrations for 7 days in the study. Enzyme analysis was conducted at the end of the 7th day. There was a statistically significant decrease in the absorbance of OD560 and the chlorophyll-a content in A. platensis cultures exposed to the Aza (0–20 μg mL−1) during 7 days due to the increase in pesticide levels. SOD activity decreased at 8, 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations; GR enzyme activity showed a significant decrease compared to the control at a concentration of 20 μg mL−1. APX activity did not change significantly compared to control. The MDA content increased significantly at 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations. The H2O2 content significantly increased at 12, 16 and 20 μg mL−1 concentrations (p < 0.05) while the free proline content decreased at 4 μg mL−1 concentration (p < 0.05). As a result, regarding the Aza concentrations used in this study may be a step to prevent pesticide pollution in the environment.

scholarly journals Comparisons among rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, populations of maternal transcript profile associated with egg viability

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Weber ◽  
Jill Birkett ◽  
Kyle Martin ◽  
Doug Dixon ◽  
Guangtu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Maternal Transcripts ◽  
Single Batch ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Transcription is arrested in the late stage oocyte and therefore the maternal transcriptome stored in the oocyte provides nearly all the mRNA required for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early cleavage of the embryo. The transcriptome of the unfertilized egg, therefore, has potential to provide markers for predictors of egg quality and diagnosing problems with embryo production encountered by fish hatcheries. Although levels of specific transcripts have been shown to associate with measures of egg quality, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have not been consistent among studies. The present study compares differences in select transcripts among unfertilized rainbow trout eggs of different quality based on eyeing rate, among 2 year classes of the same line (A1, A2) and a population from a different hatchery (B). The study compared 65 transcripts previously reported to be differentially expressed with egg quality in rainbow trout. Results There were 32 transcripts identified as DEGs among the three groups by regression analysis. Group A1 had the most DEGs, 26; A2 had 15, 14 of which were shared with A1; and B had 12, 7 of which overlapped with A1 or A2. Six transcripts were found in all three groups, dcaf11, impa2, mrpl39_like, senp7, tfip11 and uchl1. Conclusions Our results confirmed maternal transcripts found to be differentially expressed between low- and high-quality eggs in one population of rainbow trout can often be found to overlap with DEGs in other populations. The transcripts differentially expressed with egg quality remain consistent among year classes of the same line. Greater similarity in dysregulated transcripts within year classes of the same line than among lines suggests patterns of transcriptome dysregulation may provide insight into causes of decreased viability within a hatchery population. Although many DEGs were identified, for each of the genes there is considerable variability in transcript abundance among eggs of similar quality and low correlations between transcript abundance and eyeing rate, making it highly improbable to predict the quality of a single batch of eggs based on transcript abundance of just a few genes.

scholarly journals The tepary bean genome provides insight into evolution and domestication under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Mafi Moghaddam ◽  
Atena Oladzad ◽  
Chushin Koh ◽  
Larissa Ramsay ◽  
John P. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractTepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolis A. Gray), native to the Sonoran Desert, is highly adapted to heat and drought. It is a sister species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most important legume protein source for direct human consumption, and whose production is threatened by climate change. Here, we report on the tepary genome including exploration of possible mechanisms for resilience to moderate heat stress and a reduced disease resistance gene repertoire, consistent with adaptation to arid and hot environments. Extensive collinearity and shared gene content among these Phaseolus species will facilitate engineering climate adaptation in common bean, a key food security crop, and accelerate tepary bean improvement.

scholarly journals Differential Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Heat Stress in Two Blueberry Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Jodi Callwood ◽  
Kalpalatha Melmaiee ◽  
Krishnanand P. Kulkarni ◽  
Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽  
Diarra Aicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Go Terms

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are highly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, especially increasing temperatures. To gain insight into mechanisms underpinning the response to heat stress, two blueberry species were subjected to heat stress for 6 and 9 h at 45 °C, and leaf samples were used to study the morpho-physiological and transcriptomic changes. As compared with Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium darrowii exhibited thermal stress adaptation features such as small leaf size, parallel leaf orientation, waxy leaf coating, increased stomatal surface area, and stomatal closure. RNAseq analysis yielded ~135 million reads and identified 8305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during heat stress against the control samples. In V. corymbosum, 2861 and 4565 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h of heat stress, whereas in V. darrowii, 2516 and 3072 DEGs were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h, respectively. Among the pathways, the protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the highly enriched pathway in both the species: however, certain metabolic, fatty acid, photosynthesis-related, peroxisomal, and circadian rhythm pathways were enriched differently among the species. KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important biosynthesis and metabolic pathways crucial in response to heat stress. The GO terms enriched in both the species under heat stress were similar, but more DEGs were enriched for GO terms in V. darrowii than the V. corymbosum. Together, these results elucidate the differential response of morpho-physiological and molecular mechanisms used by both the blueberry species under heat stress, and help in understanding the complex mechanisms involved in heat stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Identification of the Genetic Basis of Response to de-Acclimation in Winter Barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wójcik-Jagła ◽  
Agata Daszkowska-Golec ◽  
Anna Fiust ◽  
Przemysław Kopeć ◽  
Marcin Rapacz
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Functionally Diverse

Mechanisms involved in the de-acclimation of herbaceous plants caused by warm periods during winter are poorly understood. This study identifies the genes associated with this mechanism in winter barley. Seedlings of eight accessions (four tolerant and four susceptible to de-acclimation cultivars and advanced breeding lines) were cold acclimated for three weeks and de-acclimated at 12 °C/5 °C (day/night) for one week. We performed differential expression analysis using RNA sequencing. In addition, reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme activity analyses were used to investigate changes in the expression of selected genes. The number of transcripts with accumulation level changed in opposite directions during acclimation and de-acclimation was much lower than the number of transcripts with level changed exclusively during one of these processes. The de-acclimation-susceptible accessions showed changes in the expression of a higher number of functionally diverse genes during de-acclimation. Transcripts associated with stress response, especially oxidoreductases, were the most abundant in this group. The results provide novel evidence for the distinct molecular regulation of cold acclimation and de-acclimation. Upregulation of genes controlling developmental changes, typical for spring de-acclimation, was not observed during mid-winter de-acclimation. Mid-winter de-acclimation seems to be perceived as an opportunity to regenerate after stress. Unfortunately, it is competitive to remain in the cold-acclimated state. This study shows that the response to mid-winter de-acclimation is far more expansive in de-acclimation-susceptible cultivars, suggesting that a reduced response to the rising temperature is crucial for de-acclimation tolerance.

Quantitative real-time PCR assay to detect transgene copy number in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

2008 ◽  
Vol 375 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Xin Yi ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Ka Man Chan ◽  
Xiao Kun Liu ◽  
Yan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Transgene Copy Number
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