Effect of temporally heterogeneous light on photosynthetic light use efficiency, plant acclimation and growth in Abatia parviflora

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Rey-Sanchez ◽  
Juan M. Posada
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Acclimation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Time Courses

Individual leaves have a unique instantaneous photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at which net photosynthetic light use efficiency (ϵL, the ratio between net photosynthesis and PPFD) is maximised (PPFDϵmax). When PPFD is above or below PPFDϵmax, efficiency declines. Thus, we hypothesised that heterogeneous PPFD conditions should increase the amount of time leaves photosynthesise at a PPFD different than PPFDϵmax and result in reduced growth. To date, this prediction has not been rigorously tested. Here, we exposed seedlings of Abatia parviflora Ruiz & Pav to light regimes of equal total daily irradiance but with three different daily time courses of PPFD: constant PPFD (No_H), low heterogeneity (Low_H) and high heterogeneity (High_H). Mean ϵL, leaf daily photosynthesis and plant growth were all significantly higher in No_H and Low_H plants than in High_H plants, supporting our hypothesis. In addition, mean ϵL was positively related to final plant biomass. Unexpectedly, High_H plants had more etiolated stems and more horizontal leaves than No_H and Low_H plants, possibly due to exposure to low PPFD in the morning and afternoon. In conclusion, PPFD heterogeneity had an important effect on average ϵL, photosynthesis and growth, but also on allocation and plant morphology.

scholarly journals Net ecosystem carbon exchange in three contrasting Mediterranean ecosystems – the effect of drought

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Pereira ◽  
J. A. Mateus ◽  
L. M. Aires ◽  
G. Pita ◽  
C. Pio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Oak Woodland ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Rain Use Efficiency ◽  
Evergreen Oak

Abstract. Droughts reduce gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco), contributing to most of the inter-annual variability in terrestrial carbon sequestration. In seasonally dry climates (Mediterranean), droughts result from reductions in annual rainfall and changes in rain seasonality. We compared carbon fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in three contrasting ecosystems in southern Portugal: an evergreen oak woodland (savannah-like) with ca.~21% tree crown cover, a grassland dominated by herbaceous annuals and a coppiced short-rotation eucalyptus plantation. During the experimental period (2003–2006) the eucalyptus plantation was always the strongest sink for carbon: net ecosystem exchange rate (NEE) between −861 and −399 g C m−2 year−1. The oak woodland and the grassland were much weaker sinks for carbon: NEE varied in the oak woodland between −140 and −28 g C m−2 year−1 and in the grassland between −190 and +49 g C m−2 year−1. The eucalyptus stand had higher GPP and a lower proportion of GPP spent in respiration than the other systems. The higher GPP resulted from high leaf area duration (LAD), as a surrogate for the photosynthetic photon flux density absorbed by the canopy. The eucalyptus had also higher rain use efficiency (GPP per unit of rain volume) and light use efficiency (the daily GPP per unit incident photosynthetic photon flux density) than the other two ecosystems. The effects of a severe drought could be evaluated during the hydrological-year (i.e., from October to September) of 2004–2005. Between October 2004 and June 2005 the precipitation was only 40% of the long-term average. In 2004–2005 all ecosystems had GPP lower than in wetter years and carbon sequestration was strongly restricted (less negative NEE). The grassland was a net source of carbon dioxide (+49 g C m−2 year−1). In the oak woodland a large proportion of GPP resulted from carbon assimilated by its annual vegetation component, which was strongly affected by the shortage of rain in winter. Overall, severe drought affected more GPP than Reco leading to the deterioration of NEE. Although the rain-use efficiency of the eucalyptus plantation increased in the dry year, this was not the case of evergreen oak woodland, which rain-use efficiency was not influenced by drought. Recovery after drought alleviation, i.e., beginning with heavy rain in October 2005, was fully accomplished in 2006 in the oak woodland and grassland, but slow in the eucalyptus plantation.

Genotypic Variation in Light and Temperature Response of Photosynthesis in Nothofagus solandri Var. cliffortioides and N. menziesii

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
OJ Sun ◽  
GB Sweet
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density

Responses of photosynthesis to light and temperature were studied in two Nothofagus species native to New Zealand: N. solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole and N. menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst.. Measurements of leaf photosynthesis were made in a controlled environment growth chamber at photosynthetic photon flux density between 0 and 700 μmol m-2 s-1 with temperatures set for 10, 20 and 25�C, on seedlings previously grown in a glasshouse from seed of three different origins. In both species, pronounced intraspecific variation was shown in dark respiration, light compensation point and light-saturated net photosynthesis (Amax). Seedlings of N. solandri showed higher dark respiration and light compensation levels than N. menziesii seedlings, but the two species did not differ in Amax. Change in temperature resulted in significant change in the response of photosynthesis to light in both N. solandri and N. menziesii. The differences between N. solandri and N. menziesii in light response of photosynthesis are discussed in terms of ecosystem dynamics of Nothofagus forests in New Zealand.

Photosynthetic light and temperature responses of Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Ngugi ◽  
Mark A. Hunt ◽  
David Doley ◽  
Paul Ryan ◽  
Peter J. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Eucalyptus Cloeziana

Acclimation of gas exchange to temperature and light was determined in 18-month-old plants of humid coastal (Gympie) and dry inland (Hungry Hills) provenances of Eucalyptus cloeziana F.Muell., and in those of a dry inland provenance of Eucalyptus argophloia Blakely. Plants were acclimated at day/night temperatures of 18/13, 23/18, 28/23 and 33/28�C in controlled-temperature glasshouses for 4 months. Light and temperature response curves were measured at the beginning and end of the acclimation period. There were no significant differences in the shape and quantum-yield parameters among provenances at 23, 28 and 33�C day temperatures. Quantum yield [μmol CO2 μmol–1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)] ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 and the light response shape parameter ranged from 0.53 to 0.78. Similarly, no consistent trends in the rate of dark respiration for plants of each provenance were identified at the four growth temperatures. Average values of dark respiration for the plants of the three provenances ranged from 0.61 to 1.86 μmol m–2 s–1. The optimum temperatures for net photosynthesis increased from 23 to 32�C for the humid- and from 25 to 33�C for the dry-provenance E. cloeziana and from 21 to 33�C for E. argophloia as daytime temperature of the growth environment increased from 18 to 33�C. These results have implications in predicting survival and productivity of E. cloeziana and E. argophloia in areas outside their natural distribution.

scholarly journals The Impact of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations and Low to Adequate Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density on Growth, Physiology and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Juvenile Cacao Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virupax C. Baligar ◽  
Marshall K. Elson ◽  
Alex-Alan F. Almeida ◽  
Quintino R. de Araujo ◽  
Dario Ahnert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) was grown as an understory tree in agroforestry systems where it received inadequate to adequate levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). As atmospheric carbon dioxide steadily increased, it was unclear what impact this would have on cacao growth and development at low PPFD. This research evaluated the effects of ambient and elevated levels carbon dioxide under inadequate to adequate levels of PPFD on growth, physiological and nutrient use efficiency traits of seven genetically contrasting juvenile cacao genotypes. Growth parameters (total and root dry weight, root length, stem height, leaf area, relative growth rate and net assimilation rates increased, and specific leaf area decreased significantly in response to increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD. Increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD levels significantly increased net photosynthesis and water-use efficiency traits but significantly reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration. With few exceptions, increasing carbon dioxide and PPFD reduced macro–micro nutrient concentrations but increased uptake, influx, transport and nutrient use efficiency in all cacao genotypes. Irrespective of levels of carbon dioxide and PPFD, intraspecific differences were observed for growth, physiology and nutrient use efficiency of cacao genotypes.

scholarly journals Red and Blue Netting Alters Leaf Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Apple Trees

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Richard M. Bastías ◽  
Pasquale Losciale ◽  
Camilla Chieco ◽  
Luca Corelli-Grappadelli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

There is little information about the role of red and blue light on leaf morphology and physiology in fruit trees, and more studies have been developed in herbaceous plants grown under controlled light conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of red and blue screens on morpho-anatomy and gas exchange in apple leaves grown under ambient sunlight conditions. Apple trees cv. Fuji were covered by 40% red and blue nets, leaving trees with 20% white net as control. Light relations (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD; red to far-red light ratio, R/FR and blue to red light ratio, B/R), morpho-anatomical features of the leaf (palisade to spongy mesophyll ratio, P/S, and stomata density, SD) and leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis rate, An; stomatal conductance, gs; transpiration rate, E; and intrinsic water use efficiency, IWUE) were evaluated. Red and blue nets reduced 27% PPFD, reducing by 20% SD and 25% P/S compared to control, but without negative effects on An and gs. Blue net increased gs 21%, leading to the highest E and lowest IWUE by increment of B/R light proportion. These findings demonstrate the potential use of red and blue nets for differential modulation of apple leaf gas exchange through sunlight management under field conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density and Light Quality for Increasing Radiation-Use Efficiency in Dwarf Tomato under LED Light at the Vegetative Growth Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Xinglin Ke ◽  
Hideo Yoshida ◽  
Shoko Hikosaka ◽  
Eiji Goto
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Dwarf tomatoes are advantageous when cultivated in a plant factory with artificial light because they can grow well in a small volume. However, few studies have been reported on cultivation in a controlled environment for improving productivity. We performed two experiments to investigate the effects of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; 300, 500, and 700 μmol m−2 s−1) with white light and light quality (white, R3B1 (red:blue = 3:1), and R9B1) with a PPFD of 300 μmol m−2 s−1 on plant growth and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) of a dwarf tomato cultivar (‘Micro-Tom’) at the vegetative growth stage. The results clearly demonstrated that higher PPFD leads to higher dry mass and lower specific leaf area, but it does not affect the stem length. Furthermore, high PPFD increased the photosynthetic rate (Pn) of individual leaves but decreased RUE. A higher blue light proportion inhibited dry mass production with the same intercepted light because the leaves under high blue light proportion had low Pn and photosynthetic light-use efficiency. In conclusion, 300 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD and R9B1 are the recommended proper PPFD and light quality, respectively, for ‘Micro-Tom’ cultivation at the vegetative growth stage to increase the RUE.

Variations in photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits and correlations with growth in recently selected Populus hybrids

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ceulemans ◽  
I. Impens ◽  
V. Steenackers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Shoot Height

Several photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits were studied on 1- and 2-year-old fast growing Populus clones representing interspecific hybrids of P. deltoides, P. trichocarpa, and P. maximowiczii. Growth performance of the clones was studied with container-grown plants and for 5 years in the field. Considerable variation in photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits was found, but variation in growth differences among the clonal groups was minimal. Photosynthetic photon flux density saturated net photosynthesis of 1-year-old container-grown plants was significantly correlated with shoot height growth, but none of the other leaf traits measured showed a significant correlation with any of the growth characteristics. Clonal groups could be segregated by taxonomic and genetic affinities with hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. Although enzymatic and biochemical traits (area leaf weight, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities, protein content) and adaxial stomatal frequency can be used to discriminate among clonal groups, no significant regression of these leaf traits on growth performance was observed.

PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION OF THE GREENHOUSE TOMATO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATHANASIOS P. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
DOUGLAS P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Leaf Weight

The effect of four equidistant spacings (23, 30, 38, 45 cm) applied to four-row plantings of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’CR-6’) on plant net photosynthesis (P) and transpiration (E) was studied. Closer spacing decreased the leaf-area-based net photosynthesis (Pa) of the lower leaves but had little effect on the Pa of the upper leaves. The exposed parts of a tomato plant could adjust their Pa rates upwards to compensate for the low Pa of their shaded parts. The leaf-weight-based net photosynthesis (Pw) increased with the decrease of plant spacing and it was higher in inside compared to outside plants. The differences between the Pa and Pw results were mostly attributable to the effect of light in increasing the specific leaf weight (SLW). The E rate of plants increased at the closest spacing and there was a higher leaf weight based transpiration (Ew) in inside than outside plants. The leaf area based transpiration (Ea) and stomatal resistance (Rw) were not affected appreciably by light (photosynthetic photon flux density) other than at very low levels (i.e. less than 100 μmol m−2 s−1) where there was a sharp increase in Rw and a corresponding decrease in Ea. The P of plants growing in an environment of gradually declining duration and intensity of solar irradiance declined with the aging of plants. There was no similar effect on E.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, plant spacing, photosynthesis, transpiration, tomato

scholarly journals Autonomy and network modulation of photosynthesis and water relations of Coffea arabica in the field

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia H.G. de Camargo-Bortolin ◽  
Carlos H.B. A. Prado ◽  
Gustavo M. Souza ◽  
Paula Novaes
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Physiological Variability

The degree of connection between leaf gas exchange and leaf water potential, and the autonomy of these variables in relation to meteorological conditions were determined in three cultivars of Coffea arabica during clear and cloudy days. High values of vapor pressure deficit, air temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density resulted in low leaf autonomy during a clear day, irrespective the degree of connection among leaf physiological variables. Tight synchronization between physiological and meteorological variables was considered one important cause of net photosynthesis (P N) decreasing during a clear day. In contrast, diurnal P N was around three times higher on a cloudy day, when all cultivars presented high autonomy. Principal component analyses corroborated autonomy results revealing unambiguous opposition between leaf physiological and meteorological vectors, besides less leaf physiological variability throughout the clear day. Despite these general responses during clear and cloudy days, there were significant differences among studied cultivars. Leaf autonomy was an important reference to evaluate C. arabica under environmental stress and should be taken into account when selecting cultivars under field conditions.

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