Variations in photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits and correlations with growth in recently selected Populus hybrids

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ceulemans ◽  
I. Impens ◽  
V. Steenackers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Shoot Height

Several photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits were studied on 1- and 2-year-old fast growing Populus clones representing interspecific hybrids of P. deltoides, P. trichocarpa, and P. maximowiczii. Growth performance of the clones was studied with container-grown plants and for 5 years in the field. Considerable variation in photosynthetic, anatomical, and enzymatic leaf traits was found, but variation in growth differences among the clonal groups was minimal. Photosynthetic photon flux density saturated net photosynthesis of 1-year-old container-grown plants was significantly correlated with shoot height growth, but none of the other leaf traits measured showed a significant correlation with any of the growth characteristics. Clonal groups could be segregated by taxonomic and genetic affinities with hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis. Although enzymatic and biochemical traits (area leaf weight, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities, protein content) and adaxial stomatal frequency can be used to discriminate among clonal groups, no significant regression of these leaf traits on growth performance was observed.

scholarly journals Autonomy and network modulation of photosynthesis and water relations of Coffea arabica in the field

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia H.G. de Camargo-Bortolin ◽  
Carlos H.B. A. Prado ◽  
Gustavo M. Souza ◽  
Paula Novaes
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Physiological Variability

The degree of connection between leaf gas exchange and leaf water potential, and the autonomy of these variables in relation to meteorological conditions were determined in three cultivars of Coffea arabica during clear and cloudy days. High values of vapor pressure deficit, air temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density resulted in low leaf autonomy during a clear day, irrespective the degree of connection among leaf physiological variables. Tight synchronization between physiological and meteorological variables was considered one important cause of net photosynthesis (P N) decreasing during a clear day. In contrast, diurnal P N was around three times higher on a cloudy day, when all cultivars presented high autonomy. Principal component analyses corroborated autonomy results revealing unambiguous opposition between leaf physiological and meteorological vectors, besides less leaf physiological variability throughout the clear day. Despite these general responses during clear and cloudy days, there were significant differences among studied cultivars. Leaf autonomy was an important reference to evaluate C. arabica under environmental stress and should be taken into account when selecting cultivars under field conditions.

scholarly journals Incorporation of carbon from photosynthetic products into 2-carboxyarabinitol-1-phosphate and 2-carboxyarabinitol

1994 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Andralojc ◽  
G W Dawson ◽  
M A J Parry ◽  
A J Keys
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Subsequent Exposure

The synthesis of 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol-1-phosphate (CA1P), the naturally occurring inhibitor of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, was studied in leaves of the French bean Phaseolus vulgaris, L. Leaves were supplied with air containing 14CO2 in the light then the plants were transferred to normal air in the light or in the dark. Leaf samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen, ground to a powder and extracted with acid. Lipids, pigments and cations were removed from the extract and CA1P and 2-carboxy-D-arabinitol (CA) recovered by anion exchange chromatography. The CA1P was further purified by its specific binding to purified ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. CA and CA1P were identified by chromatographic properties and n.m.r. spectra. When plants were kept for 15 h in darkness after exposure to 14CO2, up to 2.2% and 5.5% of the radioactivity in the extracts was present in CA1P and CA, respectively. The most radioactivity appeared in these compounds when photosynthesis from 14CO2 took place at low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Under such conditions, radioactivity was detected in CA1P after only 10 min. During subsequent exposure to normal air (12CO2) at low PPFD the amount of radioactivity in CA1P remained almost constant for 6 h; in darkness the rate of incorporation of radioactivity into CA1P reached a maximum after 2 h and the radioactivity was still increasing 6 h later. At low PPFD, the amount of CA1P in the leaves reached a maximum after 2 h. In darkness, the amount of CA1P began to increase rapidly after a lag of almost 1 h, well ahead of the increase in radioactivity in CA1P.

Genotypic Variation in Light and Temperature Response of Photosynthesis in Nothofagus solandri Var. cliffortioides and N. menziesii

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
OJ Sun ◽  
GB Sweet
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density

Responses of photosynthesis to light and temperature were studied in two Nothofagus species native to New Zealand: N. solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole and N. menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst.. Measurements of leaf photosynthesis were made in a controlled environment growth chamber at photosynthetic photon flux density between 0 and 700 μmol m-2 s-1 with temperatures set for 10, 20 and 25�C, on seedlings previously grown in a glasshouse from seed of three different origins. In both species, pronounced intraspecific variation was shown in dark respiration, light compensation point and light-saturated net photosynthesis (Amax). Seedlings of N. solandri showed higher dark respiration and light compensation levels than N. menziesii seedlings, but the two species did not differ in Amax. Change in temperature resulted in significant change in the response of photosynthesis to light in both N. solandri and N. menziesii. The differences between N. solandri and N. menziesii in light response of photosynthesis are discussed in terms of ecosystem dynamics of Nothofagus forests in New Zealand.

Photosynthetic light and temperature responses of Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Ngugi ◽  
Mark A. Hunt ◽  
David Doley ◽  
Paul Ryan ◽  
Peter J. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Eucalyptus Cloeziana

Acclimation of gas exchange to temperature and light was determined in 18-month-old plants of humid coastal (Gympie) and dry inland (Hungry Hills) provenances of Eucalyptus cloeziana F.Muell., and in those of a dry inland provenance of Eucalyptus argophloia Blakely. Plants were acclimated at day/night temperatures of 18/13, 23/18, 28/23 and 33/28�C in controlled-temperature glasshouses for 4 months. Light and temperature response curves were measured at the beginning and end of the acclimation period. There were no significant differences in the shape and quantum-yield parameters among provenances at 23, 28 and 33�C day temperatures. Quantum yield [μmol CO2 μmol–1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)] ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 and the light response shape parameter ranged from 0.53 to 0.78. Similarly, no consistent trends in the rate of dark respiration for plants of each provenance were identified at the four growth temperatures. Average values of dark respiration for the plants of the three provenances ranged from 0.61 to 1.86 μmol m–2 s–1. The optimum temperatures for net photosynthesis increased from 23 to 32�C for the humid- and from 25 to 33�C for the dry-provenance E. cloeziana and from 21 to 33�C for E. argophloia as daytime temperature of the growth environment increased from 18 to 33�C. These results have implications in predicting survival and productivity of E. cloeziana and E. argophloia in areas outside their natural distribution.

Effect of temporally heterogeneous light on photosynthetic light use efficiency, plant acclimation and growth in Abatia parviflora

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Rey-Sanchez ◽  
Juan M. Posada
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Acclimation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Time Courses

Individual leaves have a unique instantaneous photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at which net photosynthetic light use efficiency (ϵL, the ratio between net photosynthesis and PPFD) is maximised (PPFDϵmax). When PPFD is above or below PPFDϵmax, efficiency declines. Thus, we hypothesised that heterogeneous PPFD conditions should increase the amount of time leaves photosynthesise at a PPFD different than PPFDϵmax and result in reduced growth. To date, this prediction has not been rigorously tested. Here, we exposed seedlings of Abatia parviflora Ruiz & Pav to light regimes of equal total daily irradiance but with three different daily time courses of PPFD: constant PPFD (No_H), low heterogeneity (Low_H) and high heterogeneity (High_H). Mean ϵL, leaf daily photosynthesis and plant growth were all significantly higher in No_H and Low_H plants than in High_H plants, supporting our hypothesis. In addition, mean ϵL was positively related to final plant biomass. Unexpectedly, High_H plants had more etiolated stems and more horizontal leaves than No_H and Low_H plants, possibly due to exposure to low PPFD in the morning and afternoon. In conclusion, PPFD heterogeneity had an important effect on average ϵL, photosynthesis and growth, but also on allocation and plant morphology.

scholarly journals Red and Blue Netting Alters Leaf Morphological and Physiological Characteristics in Apple Trees

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Richard M. Bastías ◽  
Pasquale Losciale ◽  
Camilla Chieco ◽  
Luca Corelli-Grappadelli
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

There is little information about the role of red and blue light on leaf morphology and physiology in fruit trees, and more studies have been developed in herbaceous plants grown under controlled light conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of red and blue screens on morpho-anatomy and gas exchange in apple leaves grown under ambient sunlight conditions. Apple trees cv. Fuji were covered by 40% red and blue nets, leaving trees with 20% white net as control. Light relations (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD; red to far-red light ratio, R/FR and blue to red light ratio, B/R), morpho-anatomical features of the leaf (palisade to spongy mesophyll ratio, P/S, and stomata density, SD) and leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis rate, An; stomatal conductance, gs; transpiration rate, E; and intrinsic water use efficiency, IWUE) were evaluated. Red and blue nets reduced 27% PPFD, reducing by 20% SD and 25% P/S compared to control, but without negative effects on An and gs. Blue net increased gs 21%, leading to the highest E and lowest IWUE by increment of B/R light proportion. These findings demonstrate the potential use of red and blue nets for differential modulation of apple leaf gas exchange through sunlight management under field conditions.

PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION OF THE GREENHOUSE TOMATO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATHANASIOS P. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
DOUGLAS P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Leaf Weight

The effect of four equidistant spacings (23, 30, 38, 45 cm) applied to four-row plantings of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’CR-6’) on plant net photosynthesis (P) and transpiration (E) was studied. Closer spacing decreased the leaf-area-based net photosynthesis (Pa) of the lower leaves but had little effect on the Pa of the upper leaves. The exposed parts of a tomato plant could adjust their Pa rates upwards to compensate for the low Pa of their shaded parts. The leaf-weight-based net photosynthesis (Pw) increased with the decrease of plant spacing and it was higher in inside compared to outside plants. The differences between the Pa and Pw results were mostly attributable to the effect of light in increasing the specific leaf weight (SLW). The E rate of plants increased at the closest spacing and there was a higher leaf weight based transpiration (Ew) in inside than outside plants. The leaf area based transpiration (Ea) and stomatal resistance (Rw) were not affected appreciably by light (photosynthetic photon flux density) other than at very low levels (i.e. less than 100 μmol m−2 s−1) where there was a sharp increase in Rw and a corresponding decrease in Ea. The P of plants growing in an environment of gradually declining duration and intensity of solar irradiance declined with the aging of plants. There was no similar effect on E.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, plant spacing, photosynthesis, transpiration, tomato

scholarly journals Light distribution within forest edges in relation to forest regeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Schmid ◽  
K. Klumpp ◽  
M. Kazda
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Clear Cut

Light conditions were measured along six transects from 35 m inside of a mixed Norway spruce/Scots pine forest to an adjoining clear-cut in NW-Austria. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PFD) was recorded every minute of the day from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. for three weeks in July. PFD decreases exponentially from the clear-cut to the interior of the forest following the gap fraction. Low light intensity classes (&lt; 50 &micro;mol photons m<sup>2</sup>/s) decrease from the stand towards the open, whereas the clear-cut receives light of higher intensities (&gt; 200 &micro;mol photons m<sup>2</sup>/s) for most of the day. PFD values assessed during the day were compared with photosynthetic light response curves measured on advanced planting of broadleaf species in the same stand. The high light compensation point of Quercus petraea enables carbon gain in deep shade for about 60% of the day. The other shade tolerant species Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus can perform net photosynthesis at 80% and 90% of the time, respectively. This reduces the possibility of advanced planting of light demanding species to the first few meters of the inner part of the forest edge.&nbsp;

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