The electrical signal-induced systemic photosynthetic response is accompanied by changes in the photochemical reflectance index in pea

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sukhov ◽  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Ekaterina Gromova ◽  
Lyubov Surova ◽  
Vladimir Nerush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Heating ◽  
Nonphotochemical Quenching ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Photochemical Reflectance Index ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Electrical Signalling ◽  
Intact Leaves

Plants can be affected by numerous environmental stressors with spatially heterogeneous actions on their bodies. A fast systemic photosynthetic response, which is connected with long-distance electrical signalling, plays an important role in the adaptation of higher plants to the action of stressors. Potentially, measurement of the response by using a photochemical reflectance index (PRI) could be the basis of monitoring photosynthesis under spatially heterogeneous stressors; however, the method has not been previously used for investigating the systemic photosynthetic response. We investigated changes in PRI and photosynthetic parameters (quantum yields of PSI and PSII and nonphotochemical quenching) in intact leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L.) after local heating of another leaf and the propagation of electrical signals through the plant body. We showed that electrical signals decreased the quantum yields of PSI and PSII and increased the nonphotochemical quenching of intact leaves in times ranging from minutes to tens of minutes; the changes were strongly connected with changes in PRI. Additional analysis showed that changes in PRI were caused by an increase of the energy-dependent quenching induced by electrical signals. Thus PRI can be potentially used for monitoring the systemic photosynthetic response connected with long-distance electrical signalling.

scholarly journals Orchestrating rapid long-distance signaling in plants with Ca2+ , ROS and electrical signals

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Gyu Choi ◽  
Gad Miller ◽  
Ian Wallace ◽  
Jeffrey Harper ◽  
Ron Mittler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals

Estimating photosynthetic light-use efficiency using the photochemical reflectance index: variations among species

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Guo ◽  
Craig M. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Light Response ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Reflectance Index ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have shown that the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), derived from narrow waveband reflectance at 531 and 570 nm, can be used as a remote measure of photosynthetic light-use efficiency (LUE). However, uncertainty remains as to the consistency of the relationship between PRI and LUE across species. In this study we examined the relationship between the PRI and various photosynthetic parameters for a group of species with varying photosynthetic capacity. At constant irradiance, for the species group as a whole, the PRI was well correlated with LUE (r2=0.58) and with several other photosynthetic parameters, but best correlated with the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophylls contents (Caro / Chl). Despite the interspecific trends observed, determination of light response functions for the PRI in relation to photosynthetic parameters revealed that species-specific relationships were clearly stronger. For example, r2>0.90 for species-level PRI / LUE relationships. Also, the species-specific light-response data show that the magnitude of the PRI can be related to the magnitude of the saturated irradiance and the rate of CO2 uptake. As demonstrated here, a light response function provides a simple yet precise approach for characterising the relationship between the PRI and photosynthetic parameters, which should assist with improved evaluation of the usefulness of the PRI as a generalised measure of LUE.

scholarly journals Potential of Photochemical Reflectance Index for Indicating Photochemistry and Light Use Efficiency in Leaves of European Beech and Norway Spruce Trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kováč ◽  
Petra Veselovská ◽  
Karel Klem ◽  
Kristýna Večeřová ◽  
Alexander Ač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Light Use Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Reflectance Index ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency

Hyperspectral reflectance is becoming more frequently used for measuring the functions and productivity of ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the potential of the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) for evaluating physiological status of plants. This is needed because the reasons for variation in PRI and its relationships to physiological traits remain poorly understood. We examined the relationships between PRI and photosynthetic parameters in evergreen Norway spruce and deciduous European beech grown in controlled conditions during several consecutive periods of 10–12 days between which the irradiance and air temperature were changed stepwise. These regime changes induced significant changes in foliar biochemistry and physiology. The responses of PRI corresponded particularly to alterations in the actual quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (ΦPSII). Acclimation responses of both species led to loss of PRI sensitivity to light use efficiency (LUE). The procedure of measuring PRI at multiple irradiance-temperature conditions has been designed also for testing accuracy of ΔPRI in estimating LUE. A correction mechanism of subtracting daily measured PRI from early morning PRI has been performed to account for differences in photosynthetic pigments between irradiance-temperature regimes. Introducing ΔPRI, which provided a better estimate of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) compared to PRI, also improved the accuracy of LUE estimation. Furthermore, ΔPRI was able to detect the effect of drought, which is poorly observable from PRI.

scholarly journals Electrical Signaling of Plants under Abiotic Stressors: Transmission of Stimulus-Specific Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10715
Author(s):  
Maxim Mudrilov ◽  
Maria Ladeynova ◽  
Marina Grinberg ◽  
Irina Balalaeva ◽  
Vladimir Vodeneev
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Variation Potential ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Electrical Signaling

Plants have developed complex systems of perception and signaling to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Electrical signaling is one of the most promising candidates for the regulatory mechanisms of the systemic functional response under the local action of various stimuli. Long-distance electrical signals of plants, such as action potential (AP), variation potential (VP), and systemic potential (SP), show specificities to types of inducing stimuli. The systemic response induced by a long-distance electrical signal, representing a change in the activity of a complex of molecular-physiological processes, includes a nonspecific component and a stimulus-specific component. This review discusses possible mechanisms for transmitting information about the nature of the stimulus and the formation of a specific systemic response with the participation of electrical signals induced by various abiotic factors.

scholarly journals Electrical signalling on Bt and non-Bt cotton plants under stress by Aphis gossypii

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249699
Author(s):  
Jéssica K. S. Pachú ◽  
Francynes C. O. Macedo ◽  
José B. Malaquias ◽  
Francisco S. Ramalho ◽  
Ricardo F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Dispersal Behaviour ◽  
Insect Behaviour ◽  
Resistant Plant ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Lepidopteran Species ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Electrical Signalling

Plants have developed various mechanisms to respond specifically to each biotrophic attack. It has been shown that the electrical signals emitted by plants are associated with herbivory stress responses and can lead to the activation of multiple defences. Bt cotton is a genetically modified pest-resistant plant that produces an insecticide from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control Lepidopteran species. Surprisingly, there is no study–yet, that characterizes the signalling mechanisms in transgenic cotton plants attacked by non-target insects, such as aphids. In this study, we characterized the production of electrical signals on Bt and non-Bt cotton plants infested with Aphis gossypii and, in addition, we characterized the dispersal behaviour of aphids to correlate this behaviour to plant signalling responses. Electrical signalling of the plants was recorded with an extracellular measurement technique. Impressively, our results showed that both Bt and non-Bt cotton varieties, when attacked by A. gossypii, emitted potential variation-type electrical signals and clearly showed the presence of distinct responses regarding their perception and the behaviour of aphids, with evidence of delay, in terms of signal amount, and almost twice the amount of Cry1F protein was observed on Bt cotton plants at the highest density of insects/plant. We present in our article some hypotheses that are based on plant physiology and insect behaviour to explain the responses found on Bt cotton plants under aphid stress.

Photochemical Efficiencies of Diatom Symbionts in Hospite in Amphistegina Gibbosa (foraminifera) Across Seasons in the Florida Keys, Usa

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Méndez-Ferrer ◽  
Pamela Hallock ◽  
David L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Amphistegina Gibbosa ◽  
Rapid Light Curves

Abstract Benthic foraminiferal taxa that host algal endosymbionts can serve as model organisms in understanding photo-oxidative stress in environments where algal symbioses are prevalent. This study examined photochemical performance of the diatom symbionts within the foraminifer Amphistegina gibbosa. Data on bleaching prevalence and photochemical efficiency for photosystem II (PSII) were obtained from specimens collected at Tennessee Reef, Florida reef tract, USA, as close as logistically feasible to each equinox and solstice in 2012 and 2013. Specimens were collected at 6 m and 18 m depths, isolated, visually characterized, and assessed for maximum quantum yield of PSII using a pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer. Rapid-light curves (RLCs) were performed in the laboratory on specimens within a few hours of collection. Trials examined the effects of depth, sampling date, and degree of host bleaching. Consistent with field studies in the 1990s, proportions of A. gibbosa populations exhibiting visible loss of symbionts (i.e., “bleaching”) were lowest in December, with between-season and between-year differences in maxima. Maximum quantum yields ranged from 0.66–0.76. Significant differences between sampling dates were found at the 6 m site, with highest yields in winter and lowest in summer. At the 18 m site, maximum quantum yields differed both by sampling date and by degree of bleaching. Rapid light curves revealed that relative electron transport rates were highest in specimens exhibiting no visible symbiont loss; derived-photosynthetic parameters of α (initial slope of the RLC) and Ek (minimum saturating irradiance) did not differ significantly across different degrees of symbiont loss. Overall results indicate that even individuals exhibiting substantial symbiont loss retain some fully functional symbionts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity Using Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Imaging in Lemna gibba

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Perreault ◽  
Abdallah Oukarroum ◽  
Laura Pirastru ◽  
Louka Sirois ◽  
William Gerson Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Copper Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Lemna Gibba ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Cuo Nps

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), used in antifouling paints of boats, are released in the environment and can induce toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this report, we used chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging to evaluate CuO NPs toxicity in Lemna gibba. This approach allowed to evaluate the differential effect of CuO NPs on photosynthesis of whole L. gibba plants. Exposure to 0.1 to 0.4 g/L CuO NPs during 48h induced strong inhibition of photosynthetic processes resulting in a decrease of plant growth. By using fluorescence imaging, different photosynthetic parameters were evaluated simultaneously in microplate conditions. Imaging of FO fluorescence yield showed the decrease of leaf photosynthetic active surface for whole plants exposed to CuO NPs. This method showed that CuO NPs inhibited photosystem II maximal, photosystem II operational quantum yields, and photochemical quenching of fluorescence associated with electron transport. Nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching as an indicator of energy dissipation not used in photosynthesis was shown to be increased by the effect of CuO NPs. Such approach in microplate conditions provides synchronous high repetition measurements for numerous plants. This study may give a reliable methodological approach to evaluate toxicity risk of NPs in aquatic ecosystems.

Electrical Signals in Long-Distance Communication in Plants

2007 ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Trebacz ◽  
Halina Dziubinska ◽  
Elzbieta Krol
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Distance Communication

Electrical Signals in Long-Distance Communication in Plants

2006 ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Trebacz ◽  
Halina Dziubinska ◽  
Elzbieta Krol
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Distance Communication
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