scholarly journals Orchestrating rapid long-distance signaling in plants with Ca2+ , ROS and electrical signals

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Gyu Choi ◽  
Gad Miller ◽  
Ian Wallace ◽  
Jeffrey Harper ◽  
Ron Mittler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals

scholarly journals Electrical Signaling of Plants under Abiotic Stressors: Transmission of Stimulus-Specific Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10715
Author(s):  
Maxim Mudrilov ◽  
Maria Ladeynova ◽  
Marina Grinberg ◽  
Irina Balalaeva ◽  
Vladimir Vodeneev
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Variation Potential ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Electrical Signaling

Plants have developed complex systems of perception and signaling to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Electrical signaling is one of the most promising candidates for the regulatory mechanisms of the systemic functional response under the local action of various stimuli. Long-distance electrical signals of plants, such as action potential (AP), variation potential (VP), and systemic potential (SP), show specificities to types of inducing stimuli. The systemic response induced by a long-distance electrical signal, representing a change in the activity of a complex of molecular-physiological processes, includes a nonspecific component and a stimulus-specific component. This review discusses possible mechanisms for transmitting information about the nature of the stimulus and the formation of a specific systemic response with the participation of electrical signals induced by various abiotic factors.

Electrical Signals in Long-Distance Communication in Plants

2007 ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Trebacz ◽  
Halina Dziubinska ◽  
Elzbieta Krol
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Distance Communication

Electrical Signals in Long-Distance Communication in Plants

2006 ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Trebacz ◽  
Halina Dziubinska ◽  
Elzbieta Krol
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Distance Communication

scholarly journals Fruit Herbivory Alters Plant Electrome: Evidence for Fruit-Shoot Long-Distance Electrical Signaling in Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Niemeyer Reissig ◽  
Thiago Francisco de Carvalho Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
Douglas Antônio Posso ◽  
André Geremia Parise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Electrophysiological Data ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Oxidative Response ◽  
Before And After

The electrical activity of tomato plants subjected to fruit herbivory was investigated. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that tomato fruits transmit long-distance electrical signals to the shoot when subjected to herbivory. For such, time series classification by machine learning techniques and analyses related to the oxidative response were employed. Tomato plants (cv. “Micro-Tom”) were placed into a Faraday's cage and an electrode pair was inserted in the fruit's peduncle. Helicoverpa armigera caterpillars were placed on the fruit (either green and ripe) for 24 h. The time series were recorded before and after the fruit's exposure of the caterpillars. The plant material for chemical analyses was collected 24 and 48 h after the end of the acquisition of electrophysiological data. The time series were analyzed by the following techniques: Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Wavelet Transform, Power Spectral Density (PSD), and Approximate Entropy. The following features from FFT, PSD, and Wavelet Transform were used for PCA (Principal Component Analysis): average, maximum and minimum value, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. Additionally, these features were used in Machine Learning (ML) analyses for looking for classifiable patterns between tomato plants before and after fruit herbivory. Also, we compared the electrome before and after herbivory in the green and ripe fruits. To evaluate an oxidative response in different organs, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity were evaluated in fruit and leaves. The results show with 90% of accuracy that the electrome registered in the fruit's peduncle before herbivory is different from the electrome during predation on the fruits. Interestingly, there was also a sharp difference in the electrome of the green and ripe fruits' peduncles before, but not during, the herbivory, which demonstrates that the signals generated by the herbivory stand over the others. Biochemical analysis showed that herbivory in the fruit triggered an oxidative response in other parts of the plant. Here, we demonstrate that the fruit perceives biotic stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the shoot of tomato plants. This study raises new possibilities for studies involving electrical signals in signaling and systemic response, as well as for the applicability of ML to classify electrophysiological data and its use in early diagnosis.

The electrical signal-induced systemic photosynthetic response is accompanied by changes in the photochemical reflectance index in pea

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sukhov ◽  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Ekaterina Gromova ◽  
Lyubov Surova ◽  
Vladimir Nerush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Heating ◽  
Nonphotochemical Quenching ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Photochemical Reflectance Index ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Electrical Signalling ◽  
Intact Leaves

Plants can be affected by numerous environmental stressors with spatially heterogeneous actions on their bodies. A fast systemic photosynthetic response, which is connected with long-distance electrical signalling, plays an important role in the adaptation of higher plants to the action of stressors. Potentially, measurement of the response by using a photochemical reflectance index (PRI) could be the basis of monitoring photosynthesis under spatially heterogeneous stressors; however, the method has not been previously used for investigating the systemic photosynthetic response. We investigated changes in PRI and photosynthetic parameters (quantum yields of PSI and PSII and nonphotochemical quenching) in intact leaves of pea (Pisum sativum L.) after local heating of another leaf and the propagation of electrical signals through the plant body. We showed that electrical signals decreased the quantum yields of PSI and PSII and increased the nonphotochemical quenching of intact leaves in times ranging from minutes to tens of minutes; the changes were strongly connected with changes in PRI. Additional analysis showed that changes in PRI were caused by an increase of the energy-dependent quenching induced by electrical signals. Thus PRI can be potentially used for monitoring the systemic photosynthetic response connected with long-distance electrical signalling.

scholarly journals Electrical Signals, Plant Tolerance to Actions of Stressors, and Programmed Cell Death: Is Interaction Possible?

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1704
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Vladimir Sukhov
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Phytohormone Synthesis

In environmental conditions, plants are affected by abiotic and biotic stressors which can be heterogenous. This means that the systemic plant adaptive responses on their actions require long-distance stress signals including electrical signals (ESs). ESs are based on transient changes in the activities of ion channels and H+-ATP-ase in the plasma membrane. They influence numerous physiological processes, including gene expression, phytohormone synthesis, photosynthesis, respiration, phloem mass flow, ATP content, and many others. It is considered that these changes increase plant tolerance to the action of stressors; the effect can be related to stimulation of damages of specific molecular structures. In this review, we hypothesize that programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells can be interconnected with ESs. There are the following points supporting this hypothesis. (i) Propagation of ESs can be related to ROS waves; these waves are a probable mechanism of PCD initiation. (ii) ESs induce the inactivation of photosynthetic dark reactions and activation of respiration. Both responses can also produce ROS and, probably, induce PCD. (iii) ESs stimulate the synthesis of stress phytohormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene) which are known to contribute to the induction of PCD. (iv) Generation of ESs accompanies K+ efflux from the cytoplasm that is also a mechanism of induction of PCD. Our review argues for the possibility of PCD induction by electrical signals and shows some directions of future investigations in the field.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

Popliteal entrapment syndrome and age

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schweizer ◽  
Hügli ◽  
Koella ◽  
Jeanneret
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

On the occasion of diagnosing a popliteal entrapment syndrome in a 59-year old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, who developed acute ischemic leg pain during long distance running, we give an overview on this entity with emphasis on patients’age. The different types of the popliteal artery compression syndrome are summarized. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The most important clinical sign of a popliteal entrapment syndrome is the lack of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with limited walking distance. Not only in young athletes but also in patients more than 50 years old the popliteal entrapment syndrome has to be taken into account.

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