scholarly journals Ripening of grape berries can be advanced or delayed by reagents that either reduce or increase ethylene levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Böttcher ◽  
Katie E. Harvey ◽  
Paul K. Boss ◽  
Christopher Davies
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Biphasic Response ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Nonclimacteric Fruit

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries are considered to be nonclimacteric fruit as they do not exhibit a large rise in ethylene production or respiration rate at the onset of ripening (veraison). However, ethylene may still play a role in berry development and in ripening in particular. (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (CEPA), an ethylene-releasing reagent, delayed ripening when applied early in berry development. In agreement with a role for ethylene in controlling the timing of ripening, the application of an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), advanced ripening, as did abscisic acid, when applied during the preveraison period. Applications of CEPA nearer to the time of veraison enhanced berry colouration. Changes in the expression of ethylene biosynthesis and receptor genes were observed throughout berry development. Transcript levels of some of these genes were increased by CEPA and decreased by AVG, suggesting changes in ethylene synthesis and perception during the preveraison period that might contribute to the biphasic response to CEPA (ethylene). The significant delay of ripening in field-grown grapes through the application of CEPA also indicates that this may be useful in controlling the timing of veraison, and therefore harvest date, in warmer climates.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity during Berry Development in Black ‘Isabel’ Grape (Vitis vinifera L. x Vitis labrusca L.)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Aynur Kurt-Celebi ◽  
Nesrin Colak ◽  
Sema Hayirlioglu-Ayaz ◽  
Sanja Kostadinović Veličkovska ◽  
Fidanka Ilieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Significant Stage ◽  
Considerable Benefit

Grapes are one of the most economically important fruits in the world and are of considerable benefit to human health due to their phenolic compounds. The black ‘Isabel’ grape (V. vinifera L. xV. labrusca L.) is widely grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey, where it is attracting increasing interest. The aim of this study was to investigate phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (CUPric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity)) in the grape during berry development, which has been not reported yet from the region. A trend towards an increase in total phenolic compounds, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacity values was observed from un-ripened to overly ripened berries. In addition, anthocyanins in berries and proanthocyanidins seeds were characterized during berry development. Accordingly, malvidin-3-O-glucoside was the major anthocyanin in skin (1.05–1729 mg/kg fresh weight (fw)) and whole berry (0.23–895 mg/kg fw), followed by the content of peonidin-3-O-glucoside (0.98–799 mg/kg fw and 0.15–202 mg/kg fw, respectively). After veraison (onset of ripening or change of color in the grape berries), all proanthocyanidins showed a gradual decrease through ripening. The results showed that anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in the grape showed significant stage-dependent changes with positive or negative strong correlations. Considering the phenolic compounds, an optimum harvest date of the grape might be suggested between mid-September and mid-October (263 and 293 DAFBs).

Compositional Changes During Grape Berry Development in Relation to Abscisic Acid and Salinity

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJS Downton ◽  
BR Loveys
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Berry Development ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Compositional Changes

Changes in the chemical composition of developing Cabernet Sauvignon berries from salt-treated and low-salt vines were followed. Although salinity advanced the timing of veraison, the sequence of changes in the salt-affected berries remained the same as in berries from control plants, viz. concentrations of abscisic acid and reducing sugar increased before proline, arginine, potassium and chloride increased, and before acidity declined. The contribution of these substances to osmotic changes within developing grape berries is discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Application of Abscisic Acid, Benzothiadiazole and Chitosan on Berry Quality Characteristics and Plant Associated Microbial Communities of Vitis vinifera L var. Mouhtaro Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5802
Author(s):  
Dimitrios-Evangelos Miliordos ◽  
Myrto Tsiknia ◽  
Nikolaos Kontoudakis ◽  
Maria Dimopoulou ◽  
Costas Bouyioukos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Spoilage Fungi

The phenolic profile of the grape berries is a key quality factor for the red grapevine varieties and several techniques have been applied to improve it. An innovative technique is the application of resistance elicitors and phytohormones. In the present study, leaves and berries of a Greek red indigenous variety (Mouhtaro) sprayed with two elicitors, benzothiadiazole and chitosan and a plant hormone abscisic acid, during veraison. Physicochemical and phenolic characteristics of the berries and microbial communities of rhizosphere, phyllosphere and carposphere were analyzed at harvest. Differences in the microbial communities on different plant compartments were observed after the application of the plant activators. Chitosan treatment increased the abundance of the beneficial lactic acid bacteria, while the abscisic acid treatment decreased the presence of spoilage fungi on the carposphere. Treatments differentiate total phenolics, anthocyanins and in the chemical characteristics of grape must with chitosan treated grapes had increased anthocyanins and skin-derived phenolics that correlated positively with the microbial taxa that was discriminant by LefSe analysis. This research provides an overview of the effect of plant activators on the microbial ecology and grape quality of the Greek variety Mouhtaro and presents the potential of new and innovative approaches in the field of sustainable viticulture.

scholarly journals Combined Metabolite and Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Norisoprenoid Responses in Grape Berries to Abscisic Acid and Synthetic Auxin

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Lei He ◽  
Nan Meng ◽  
Simone D. Castellarin ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Positive Effects

The abscisic acid (ABA) increase and auxin decline are both indicators of ripening initiation in grape berry, and norisoprenoid accumulation also starts at around the onset of ripening. However, the relationship between ABA, auxin, and norisoprenoids remains largely unknown, especially at the transcriptome level. To investigate the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the ABA and synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on norisoprenoid production, we performed time-series GC-MS and RNA-seq analyses on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berries from pre-veraison to ripening. Higher levels of free norisoprenoids were found in ABA-treated mature berries in two consecutive seasons, and both free and total norisoprenoids were significantly increased by NAA in one season. The expression pattern of known norisoprenoid-associated genes in all samples and the up-regulation of specific alternative splicing isoforms of VviDXS and VviCRTISO in NAA-treated berries were predicted to contribute to the norisoprenoid accumulation in ABA and NAA-treated berries. Combined weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP-seq) analysis suggested that VviGATA26, and the previously identified switch genes of myb RADIALIS (VIT_207s0005g02730) and MAD-box (VIT_213s0158g00100) could be potential regulators of norisoprenoid accumulation. The positive effects of ABA on free norisoprenoids and NAA on total norisoprenoid accumulation were revealed in the commercially ripening berries. Since the endogenous ABA and auxin are sensitive to environmental factors, this finding provides new insights to develop viticultural practices for managing norisoprenoids in vineyards in response to changing climates.

scholarly journals Interplay between Abscisic Acid and Gibberellins, as Related to Ethylene and Sugars, in Regulating Maturation of Non-Climacteric Fruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Fernando Alferez ◽  
Deived Uilian de Carvalho ◽  
Daniel Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Sugar Signaling ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Agronomic Management ◽  
Management Techniques

In this review, we address the interaction between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) in regulating non-climacteric fruit development and maturation at the molecular level. We review the interplay of both plant growth regulators in regulating these processes in several fruit of economic importance such as grape berries, strawberry, and citrus, and show how understanding this interaction has resulted in useful agronomic management techniques. We then relate the interplay of both hormones with ethylene and other endogenous factors, such as sugar signaling. We finally review the growing knowledge related to abscisic acid, gibberellins, and the genus Citrus. We illustrate why this woody genus can be considered as an emerging model plant for understanding hormonal circuits in regulating different processes, as most of the finest work on this matter in recent years has been performed by using different Citrus species.

Salicylic acid and oxalic acid in enhancing the quality and extending the shelf life of grape cv. Thompson seedless

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322110206
Author(s):  
TK Hazarika ◽  
Tangkasil Marak
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Acid Ratio

Postharvest life of table grapes is usually shortened by berry softening, berry drop, stem browning, fungal decay. Salicylic acid reduces fruit respiration and ethylene biosynthesis, during storage of fruits. Similarly, application of oxalic acid is a secure and hopeful postharvest handling technology for keeping quality and prolonging storage life of fruit. To study the effect of Salicylic acid and oxalic acid in enhancing the quality and extending the shelf life of grape, the present investigation was conducted. The grape berries were treated with Oxalic acid (OA) (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM) and Salicylic acid (SA) (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM). The treatments were compared within 16th days at an interval of 4 days. Among the treatments, SA (2 mM) showed superiority in different quality attributing characters like physiological loss in weight (PLW), berry firmness, rachis browning, berry appearance, fungal decay, berry shattering, TSS, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, TSS: acid ratio, taste, overall acceptability and shelf life. Hence, SA (2 mM) can be used as an effective strategy for maintaining quality of table grapes.

scholarly journals Auxin-Induced SaARF4 Downregulates SaACO4 to Inhibit Lateral Root Formation in Sedum alfredii Hance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Dong Xu ◽  
Zhuchou Lu ◽  
Guirong Qiao ◽  
Wenmin Qiu ◽  
Longhua Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Sedum Alfredii ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Sedum Alfredii Hance ◽  
Auxin Distribution ◽  
Distribution Mode ◽  
High Level

Lateral root (LR) formation promotes plant resistance, whereas high-level ethylene induced by abiotic stress will inhibit LR emergence. Considering that local auxin accumulation is a precondition for LR generation, auxin-induced genes inhibiting ethylene synthesis may thus be important for LR development. Here, we found that auxin response factor 4 (SaARF4) in Sedum alfredii Hance could be induced by auxin. The overexpression of SaARF4 decreased the LR number and reduced the vessel diameters. Meanwhile, the auxin distribution mode was altered in the root tips and PIN expression was also decreased in the overexpressed lines compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. The overexpression of SaARF4 could reduce ethylene synthesis, and thus, the repression of ethylene production decreased the LR number of WT and reduced PIN expression in the roots. Furthermore, the quantitative real-time PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, yeast one-hybrid, and dual-luciferase assay results showed that SaARF4 could bind the promoter of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 4 (SaACO4), associated with ethylene biosynthesis, and could downregulate its expression. Therefore, we concluded that SaARF4 induced by auxin can inhibit ethylene biosynthesis by repressing SaACO4 expression, and this process may affect auxin transport to delay LR development.

Development of an embryo germination protocol for shy-seeded grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ashwini P. Benke ◽  
Ram Krishna ◽  
Roshni R. Samarth ◽  
Shweta S. Dhumal ◽  
Waquar A. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Benzyl Amino Purine

Abstract Acquisition and germination of seeds are the most desired targets for the improvement of vegetatively propagated crops. In the present study, we developed a potential embryo germination protocol for the Red Globe grape cultivar having a low seed germination rate. Three grape berries at different developmental stages, viz. 50, 60 and 70 days after flowering (DAF), were selected for in-vitro embryo germination. Three growth media, namely Emershad and Ramming (ER), Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) and Murashige and Skoog (MS), and plant growth regulators (benzyl amino purine (BA), 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mg/l; indole butyric acid (IBA), 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l; and gibberellic acid (GA), 0.1, 0.3 and 0.9 mg/l) were screened individually in different combinations with three amino acids, namely cysteine, glutamine and proline (2.0 μmol/l each). The maximum embryos germination percentage recorded at 70 DAF was 63.33, 47.78 and 45.56% in ER, NN and MS media, respectively, supplemented with 0.9 mg/l BA, 2.0 mg/l IBA, 0.9 mg/l GA and 2.0 μmol glutamine. Glutamine was found to have the most significant impact, and it improved the rescued embryos germination. The present study provides a potential recipe for a medium that can facilitate efficient germination of grape embryos.

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