Organic Trace Gases in the Atmosphere: An Overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Williams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Organic Trace

Environmental Context. The major carbon-containing atmospheric gases (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane) are found in the atmosphere at the parts-per-million levels, where they affect physical phenomena such as the greenhouse effect. There are however many more carbon-containing gases at much lower levels with many and varied roles; in the main these gases are more chemically active and affect principally chemical phenomena such as the ozone budget. Abstract. An overview of atmospheric organic trace gases is presented. This work is suited to those new to the field and to those seeking to place related activities in a broader context.

Recent Record Growth in Atmospheric CO2 Levels

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Francey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Co2 Levels

Environmental Context.Excessive levels of carbon dioxide are accumulating in the atmosphere, principally from burning fossil fuels. The gas is linked to the enhanced greenhouse effect and climate change, and is thus monitored carefully, along with other trace gases that reflect human activity.The rate of growth of carbon dioxide has increased gradually over the past century, and more rapidly in the last decade. Teasing out fossil emissions from changes due to wildfires and to natural exchange with plants and oceans guide global attempts in reducing emissions.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide retrieval of Argus 1000 space data by using GENSPECT line-by-line radiative transfer model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
R. K. Jagpal ◽  
R. Siddiqui ◽  
S. M. Abrarov ◽  
B. M. Quine
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Space Data

The micro-spectrometer Argus 1000 being in space continuously monitors the sources and sinks of the trace gases. It is commonly believed that among other gases CO_2 is the major contributor causing the greenhouse effect. Argus 1000 along its orbit gathers the valuable spectral data that can be analyzed and retrieved. In this paper we present the retrieval of CO_2 gas in the near infrared window 1580 to 1620 nm by using line-by-line code GENSPECT. The retrieved Argus 1000 space data taken over British Columbia on May 31, 2010 indicates an enhancement of CO_2 by about 30%.

scholarly journals Carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide columns retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS: year 2003 initial data set

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1943-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
R. de Beek ◽  
S. Noël ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. The near-infrared nadir spectra measured by SCIAMACHY on-board ENVISAT contain information on the vertical columns of important atmospheric trace gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The scientific algorithm WFM-DOAS has been used to retrieve this information. For CH4 and CO2 also column averaged mixing ratios (XCH4 and XCO2) have been determined by simultaneous measurements of the dry air mass. All available spectra of the year 2003 have been processed. We describe the algorithm versions used to generate the data (v0.4; for methane also v0.41) and show comparisons of monthly averaged data over land with global measurements (CO from MOPITT) and models (for CH4 and CO2). We show that enhanced concentrations of CO resulting from biomass burning have been detected which are in reasonable agreement with MOPITT. The measured XCH4 is enhanced over India, south-east Asia, and central Africa in September/October 2003 in line with model simulations where they result from surface sources of methane such as rice fields and wetlands. In qualitative agreement with model simulations the XCO2 measurements over the northern hemisphere show the lowest mixing ratios around July due to uptake of CO2 by the growing vegetation of the land biosphere. We also identified potential problems such as a too low inter-hemispheric gradient for CO, a time dependent bias of the methane columns on the order of a few percent, and a few percent too high CO2 over parts of the Sahara.

Realization of Measurement Station for Remote Environmental Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josif Tomić ◽  
Miloš B. Živanov ◽  
Miodrag Kušljević ◽  
Đorđe Obradović ◽  
József Szatmari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Virtual Instrumentation ◽  
Software Upgrade

The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring process that heats the Earth's surface and atmosphere. It is a result of the fact that certain atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, are able to change the energy balance of the planet by absorbing long wave radiation emitted from the Earth's surface. Number of gases are involved in the human caused enhancement of the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide is the most important gas of these gases, which contributes about 55% of the change in the intensity of the Earth's greenhouse effect. The global monitoring of the greenhouse gases is necessary for handling the global warming issue. This paper presents a practical implementation of a measurement station for environmental monitoring using Internet technology and large sensor networks. The application of the sensor networks in the environmental monitoring requires the development specific solutions. This paper presents a solution that relies on existing technology, but offers hardware and software upgrade due to the advantages of using the concept of virtual instrumentation. The application uses temperature sensors, air relative humidity sensors, gas sensors and others. The measurement station collects the data from the sensors and sends them to the users using the UDP protocol via the Internet and GPRS modem. The measurement station was implemented in LabVIEW programming package.

Biomass Burning and Resulting Emissions in the Northern Territory, Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Beringer ◽  
D Packham ◽  
N Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Nitrous Oxides ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Fire Activity

The extent of biomass burning in the Northern Territory, Australia, during 1992 (a year of low fire activity) was estimated using NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery and was subsequently used to calculate the emission of gaseous compounds from biomass burning for that year. A total of 73,729 km2 was determined to have been burnt, representing 5.5% of the total Northern Territory area. The extent of biomass burning in different vegetation units in the Northern Territory was also estimated with eucalypt communities comprising 72% of the total area burnt. An estimated 29.5 x 106 tonnes of biomass was consumed by burning, resulting in the production of an estimated : 1. 11.3 Tg C as carbon dioxide, 2. 1.02 Tg C as carbon monoxide, (3) 5.23 x 10-3 Tg C as total particulate matter, 4. 26.1 x 10-3 Tg N as nitrous oxides, 5. various other trace gases. The calculated release of CO2 in this study accounts for only 41% of the estimated Australian contribution to global emmissions from biomass burning, indicating that the Australian contribution may be overestimted.

Inelastic scattering of high energy electrons by atmospheric gases

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1733-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin N. Lassettre
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Electron Impact ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oscillator Strengths ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Forbidden Transitions

Inelastic scattering of electrons by nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, argon, and helium is reviewed. Electron impact spectra at both high (less than 40 keV) and low (greater than 15 eV) kinetic energies are presented and discussed. Collision cross sections and generalized oscillator strengths are described, when data are available, and the connection with optical oscillator strengths is discussed. The limiting selection rules which hold in the excitation of atoms and molecules by electron impact are discussed and typical examples of forbidden transitions are described.

scholarly journals Composition and Chemistry of the Neutral Atmosphere of Venus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Carine Vandaele
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Neutral Atmosphere ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Atmosphere Of Venus

The atmosphere of Venus is quite different from that of Earth: it is much hotter and denser. The temperature and pressure at the surface are 740 K and 92 atmospheres respectively. Its atmosphere is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (96.5%) and nitrogen (3.5%), the rest being trace gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), water vapor (H2O), halides (HF, HCl), sulfur-bearing species (SO2, SO, OCS, H2S), and noble gases. Sulfur compounds are extremely important in understanding the formation of the Venusian clouds which are believed to be composed of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) droplets. These clouds completely enshroud the planet in a series of layers, extending from 50 to 70 km altitude, and are composed of particles of different sizes and different H2SO4/H2O compositions. These act as a very effective separator between the atmospheres below and above the clouds, which show very distinctive characteristics.

scholarly journals Long-term Observations of Atmospheric Halogenated Organic Trace Gases

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Stefan Reimann ◽  
Martin K. Vollmer ◽  
Matthias Hill ◽  
Paul Schlauri ◽  
Myriam Guillevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Gases ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
First Time ◽  
Organic Trace ◽  
Fluorinated Hydrocarbons

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and other strong ozone-depleting halogenated organic trace gases were used in numerous industrial, household and agriculture applications. First atmospheric measurements of CFCs were performed in the 1970s, well ahead of the detection of the ozone hole in the 1980s. The continuous observation of these ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) is crucial for monitoring their global ban within the Montreal Protocol. In addition, also HFCs (fluorinated hydrocarbons) are measured, which were introduced as substitutes of ODSs and are potent greenhouse gases. Since 2000, Empa continuously measures more than 50 halogenated trace gases at the high-Alpine station of Jungfraujoch (3850 m asl) as part of the global AGAGE network (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment). Jungfraujoch is the highest location worldwide where such measurements are performed, and the site where several of these compounds were measured in the atmosphere for the first time. The measurements at Jungfraujoch and at other globally well-positioned sites serve as an early warning system, i. e. before potentially harmful halogenated organic substances can accumulate and detrimentally affect the natural environment.

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