Biomass Burning and Resulting Emissions in the Northern Territory, Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Beringer ◽  
D Packham ◽  
N Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Nitrous Oxides ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Fire Activity

The extent of biomass burning in the Northern Territory, Australia, during 1992 (a year of low fire activity) was estimated using NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery and was subsequently used to calculate the emission of gaseous compounds from biomass burning for that year. A total of 73,729 km2 was determined to have been burnt, representing 5.5% of the total Northern Territory area. The extent of biomass burning in different vegetation units in the Northern Territory was also estimated with eucalypt communities comprising 72% of the total area burnt. An estimated 29.5 x 106 tonnes of biomass was consumed by burning, resulting in the production of an estimated : 1. 11.3 Tg C as carbon dioxide, 2. 1.02 Tg C as carbon monoxide, (3) 5.23 x 10-3 Tg C as total particulate matter, 4. 26.1 x 10-3 Tg N as nitrous oxides, 5. various other trace gases. The calculated release of CO2 in this study accounts for only 41% of the estimated Australian contribution to global emmissions from biomass burning, indicating that the Australian contribution may be overestimted.

scholarly journals Mixing between a stratospheric intrusion and a biomass burning plume

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 4229-4235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brioude ◽  
O. R. Cooper ◽  
M. Trainer ◽  
T. B. Ryerson ◽  
J. S. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Stratospheric Intrusion ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Aerosol Extinction Coefficient

Abstract. Ozone, carbon monoxide, aerosol extinction coefficient, acetonitrile, nitric acid and relative humidity measured from the NOAA P3 aircraft during the TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006 experiment, indicate mixing between a biomass burning plume and a stratospheric intrusion in the free troposphere above eastern Texas. Lagrangian-based transport analysis and satellite imagery are used to investigate the transport mechanisms that bring together the tropopause fold and the biomass burning plume originating in southern California, which may affect the chemical budget of tropospheric trace gases.

Organic Trace Gases in the Atmosphere: An Overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Williams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Environmental Context ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Organic Trace

Environmental Context. The major carbon-containing atmospheric gases (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane) are found in the atmosphere at the parts-per-million levels, where they affect physical phenomena such as the greenhouse effect. There are however many more carbon-containing gases at much lower levels with many and varied roles; in the main these gases are more chemically active and affect principally chemical phenomena such as the ozone budget. Abstract. An overview of atmospheric organic trace gases is presented. This work is suited to those new to the field and to those seeking to place related activities in a broader context.

scholarly journals Carbon monoxide, methane and carbon dioxide columns retrieved from SCIAMACHY by WFM-DOAS: year 2003 initial data set

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1943-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
R. de Beek ◽  
S. Noël ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
H. Bovensmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. The near-infrared nadir spectra measured by SCIAMACHY on-board ENVISAT contain information on the vertical columns of important atmospheric trace gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The scientific algorithm WFM-DOAS has been used to retrieve this information. For CH4 and CO2 also column averaged mixing ratios (XCH4 and XCO2) have been determined by simultaneous measurements of the dry air mass. All available spectra of the year 2003 have been processed. We describe the algorithm versions used to generate the data (v0.4; for methane also v0.41) and show comparisons of monthly averaged data over land with global measurements (CO from MOPITT) and models (for CH4 and CO2). We show that enhanced concentrations of CO resulting from biomass burning have been detected which are in reasonable agreement with MOPITT. The measured XCH4 is enhanced over India, south-east Asia, and central Africa in September/October 2003 in line with model simulations where they result from surface sources of methane such as rice fields and wetlands. In qualitative agreement with model simulations the XCO2 measurements over the northern hemisphere show the lowest mixing ratios around July due to uptake of CO2 by the growing vegetation of the land biosphere. We also identified potential problems such as a too low inter-hemispheric gradient for CO, a time dependent bias of the methane columns on the order of a few percent, and a few percent too high CO2 over parts of the Sahara.

scholarly journals Effect of rapeseed methyl ester on emission production

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Pexa ◽  
K. Kubín
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Emission Component ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester ◽  
Tractor Engine

This paper describes the effect of a mixture of rapeseed methyl ester and diesel oil on emission production of tractor engine. The hydraulic dynamometer was used to load the engine of Zetor Forterra 8641 tractor over rear power take-off. The measured tractor is almost new with less than 100 h worked. The measurements were realized for several ratios of diesel oil and rapeseed methyl ester (from pure diesel to pure rapeseed methyl ester). The engine was loaded by the dynamometer in several working points which were predefined by engine speed and its torque. The production of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and particulate matter (PM) were measured in each of these points. The comparison of different fuels was performed using the Non-Road Steady Cycle (NRSC) test procedure. Engine maps were also created for each emission component and for all of tested fuels. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Assessment of fire emissions inventories during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) experiment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pereira ◽  
R. Siqueira ◽  
N. E. Rosário ◽  
K.L. Longo ◽  
S .R. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
The South ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Emissions Inventories

Abstract. Fires associated with land use and land cover changes release into the atmosphere large amounts of aerosols and trace gases. Although there are several inventories of biomass burning emissions covering Brazil, there are still considerable uncertainties and differences among these. While most fire emissions inventories still utilize the parameters of vegetation fuel load, emission factors and other parameters to estimate the biomass burned and its associated emissions, certain more recent inventories tend to apply an alternative method based on fire radiative power (FRP) observations to estimate the amount of biomass burned and the corresponding emissions of trace gases and aerosols. The Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (3BEM) and Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) are examples of the first, while Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model with FRP assimilation (3BEM_FRP) and Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) are examples of the latter method mentioned. In this paper, the output of four biomass burning emission inventories used during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) field campaign are analyzed and intercompared, focusing on eight predefined grids. Aerosol optical thickness derived from measurements made by the MODIS sensor operating onboard the Aqua satellite is applied to assess the inventories consistency. Significant correlation coefficients (r, p>0.05 level, Student t-test) were found between 3BEM and FINN, and between 3BEM_FRP and GFAS, with approximately 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. These results indicate that emissions estimates in this region derived via similar methods tend to agree with one other, but differ more from the estimates derived via the alternative approach. However, correlations in specific grids indicate that 3BEM and FINN typically underestimated the smoke emission loading in the eastern region of Amazon Forest, whilst 3BEM_FRP presents a tendency to overestimate fire emissions in the same area. The relationship between the 3BEM and FINN fire inventories present a correlation coefficient of 0.75-0.92, with a tendency of FINN to overestimate the emission of carbon monoxide by 20-30%. Moreover, 3BEM and GFAS shows a correlation coefficient of between 0.75-0.85, with higher values near the arc of deforestation in Amazon Rainforest. However, GFAS has a tendency to present higher carbon monoxide emissions in this region, and 3BEM_FRP tends to overestimate the emissions in soybean expansion (east of Amazon forest).

scholarly journals Water vapor release from biofuel combustion

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4483-4498 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Parmar ◽  
M. Welling ◽  
M. O. Andreae ◽  
G. Helas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
African Savanna

Abstract. We report on the emission of water vapor from biofuel combustion. Concurrent measurements of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are used to scale the concentrations of water vapor found, and are compared to carbon in the biofuel. Fuel types included hardwood (oak and African musasa), softwood (pine and spruce, partly with green needles), and African savanna grass. The session-averaged ratio of H2O to the sum of CO and CO2 in the emissions from 16 combustion experiments ranged from 1.2 to 3.7 on average, indicating the presence of water that is not chemically bound. This biofuel moisture content ranged from 33% in the dry African hardwood, musasa, to 220% in fresh pine branches with needles. The moisture content from fresh biofuel contributes distinctly to the water vapor in biomass burning emissions, and its influence on meteorology needs to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland using the COPERT 5 software

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna BEBKIEWICZ ◽  
Zdzisław CHŁOPEK ◽  
Jakub LASOCKI ◽  
Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI ◽  
Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic

This article presents results of the inventory of pollutant emission from motor vehicles in Poland. To determine emission from motor vehicles in Poland COPERT 5 software was used for the first time. In addition, a comparison of the national emission from motor vehi-cles in 2016 and in 2015 was included. Pollutants harmful to health were considered primarily: carbon monoxide, organic compounds, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Emission of substances contributing to the intensification of the greenhouse effect were also examined: carbon dioxide, ammonia and nitrous oxide. It was found that the relative increase in volume of emission of carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds is less than 10%, and nitrogen oxides and particulate matter less than 15%. The relative increase in carbon dioxide emission is approximately 14%, which corresponds to a relative increase in fuel consumption. The relative increase of volume of heavy metal emission is similar. The assessment of the energy emission factor (emission of pollution related to energy equal to used fuel) proves that – amongst pollutants harmful to health – for carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds there is a relative reduction by approximately 5% in 2016, and for nitrogen oxides and particulate matter – increase by approximately (3–4)%.

scholarly journals Mixing between a stratospheric intrusion and a biomass burning plume

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 8017-8033
Author(s):  
J. Brioude ◽  
O. R. Cooper ◽  
M. Trainer ◽  
T. B. Ryerson ◽  
J. S. Holloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Stratospheric Intrusion ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Aerosol Extinction Coefficient

Abstract. Ozone, carbon monoxide, aerosol extinction coefficient, acetonitrile, nitric acid and relative humidity measured from the NOAA P3 aircraft during the TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006 experiment, indicate mixing between a biomass burning plume and a stratospheric intrusion in the free troposphere above eastern Texas. Lagrangian-based transport analysis and satellite imagery are used to investigate the transport mechanisms that bring together the tropopause fold and the biomass burning plume originating in southern California, which may affect the chemical budget of tropospheric trace gases.

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