Effect of Kabatiella caulivora isolates and host growth stage on symptom expression and resistance in Trifolium subterraneum

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Barbetti ◽  
DJ Gillespie ◽  
WJ Collins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Glasshouse Screening

Occasional severe clover scorch disease outbreaks from Kabatiella caulivora have occurred in the 2 partially resistant Trifolium subterraneum cultivars, Karridale and Meteora. All K. caulivora isolates screened, including isolates taken from severely damaged field swards of Karridale and Meteora, were highly pathogenic, but there was variation in the pathogenicity of some isolates and there was a significant cultivar x isolate interaction in 1 of 2 studies. Plant age affected development of disease. Cultivars Karridale, Mt Barker and Woogenellup were least susceptible when inoculated 10 weeks from sowing, and there was a strong plant age x cultivar interaction. However, there was no suggestion that severe disease in Karridale was due to increased susceptibility at a particular plant growth stage. In resistance screening studies, the resistance rankings of subterranean clover varieties sometimes changed markedly depending upon the test isolate, and in 1 of 2 studies, there was a significant cultivar x isolate interaction. While there was significant overall correlation between glasshouse and field data, this only accounted for 49.9 and 20.5%, respectively, of the variation. Glasshouse screening was not suitable for replacing field screening but it was useful for confirming the field resistance of some highly resistant genotypes.

Resistance to race 1 of Kabatiella caulivora in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars and breeding lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. H. Nichols ◽  
M. P. You ◽  
M. J. Barbetti
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Resistant Progeny ◽  
Clover Scorch

Twenty-eight cultivars and 106 F6-derived breeding lines of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) were screened in the field for their response to clover scorch disease caused by race 1 of Kabatiella caulivora. Eleven of the cultivars, including Denmark and Goulburn, were classified as resistant. Breeding lines with Denmark parentage had 55% of progeny with resistance, while those of Goulburn had only 19% of resistant progeny, suggesting different modes of inheritance. Selection for resistance to race 2 of K. caulivora in the F4 generation markedly increased the probability of selecting F6-derived lines with resistance to race 1, suggesting linkage between genes for resistance to both races.

Copper nutrition of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Seaton Park). II. Effects of copper supply on distribution of copper and the diagnosis of copper deficiency by plant analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Reuter ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
JF Loneragan ◽  
DJ Tranthim-Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Young Leaf ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Vegetative Development

The effect of copper supply upon the distribution of copper within Seaton Park subterranean clover was examined from early vegetative growth to plant maturity in one glasshouse experiment, and in a second experiment was assessed at early flowering. The copper content of old leaf blades of copper-adequate plants decreased progressively with senescence of the blades. Copper deficiency delayed senescence and export of copper from the older blades so that both the relative and net changes were substantially smaller than for blades of copper-adequate plants. However, copper concentrations in senesced old leaf blades still reflected copper supply. At full senescence these blades contained appreciable quantities and concentrations of copper which contrasted with the low levels found in senesced leaves of wheat and peanuts in previous studies. Copper concentration in whole plant tops was not satisfactory for diagnosing copper deficiency, since the critical concentration decreased with plant age and during late vegetative development 'Piper-Steenbjerg' curvature developed in the relationship between copper concentration and yield. It is possible that the curvature resulted partly from unusually high concentrations of copper in the old petioles of severely deficient plants. Analysis of copper in young leaf blades provided a sensitive means of diagnosing copper deficiency in subterranean clover. The estimated critical concentration for these blades (3 �g/g for maximum growth) did not change with plant age, at least until early flowering. In early growth, the copper concentration of young leaf blades may be used to forecast impending copper deficiency.

Variation in, and inheritance of seedling and adult-plant resistance in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) to leaf scorch (Kabatiella caulivora) (Kirch.) Karak

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chandrashekar ◽  
GM Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Clover Scorch ◽  
Adult Plants

The disease reaction of seedlings (2 weeks old) from a field collection of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) to clover scorch (Kabatiella caulivora (Kirch.) Karak), revealed 89 immune plants out of a total of 1530. However, with adult plants (15-16 weeks old) only one plant remained immune. In the F2 population of the cross of the cultivars (Daliak X Woogenellup (D X W), seedling resistance was conditioned by a single dominant gene and in the cross (Enfield X Woogenellup) (EX W) by a single recessive gene. However, with adult plants, resistance in the (D X W) F2 was conditioned by a single recessive gene and that in the (EX W) F2 by two recessive genes. The effect of increasing age in reducing the proportion of plants resistant to clover scorch in both studies indicates that caution is needed in evaluating resistance to clover scorch in epidemiological, breeding and genetic studies.

Humidity, free water and light in relation to development of Kabatiella caulivora (Kirchn.) Karak in Trifolium subterraneum L. cv.Yarloo

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
K Helms
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
And Control

The effects of moisture conditions on disease development and plant growth were examined in subterranean clover plants which were inoculated with K. caulivora 4 weeks after sowing and were maintained after inoculation at 20°C and with a light intensity of 2000 f.c. In plants which received 100% relative humidity (RH) with free water on leaves, for at least 4 days after inoculation, 15–20% of leaves developed lesions within 11 days. In plants which received continuously 90% RH with free water on leaves, or 100% RH without free water on leaves, less than 1.5% of leaves developed lesions within 11 days. There was no evidence of spread of infection in plants maintained for 11 or 25 days after inoculation. The effects of light intensities of 2000, 500 and 125 f.c. on disease development and plant growth were examined in plants which received 100% RH with free water on leaves and were grown for 25 days after inoculation, either in simulated swards or in standard pots. In most treatments a reduction in light intensity from 2000 to 500 f.c. reduced the growth of plants but had no effect on the percentage of diseased leaves, whereas a reduction in light intensity from 500 to 125 f.c. reduced growth and increased the percentage of diseased leaves of plants grown in swards from 30 to 70% and in standard pots from 10 to 35%. There were mortalities among both inoculated and control plants grown under 125 f.c. : in swards, 80–90% of inoculated plants and 30–40% of control plants died, whereas in standard pots 20–30% of inoculated plants and only occasional control plants died. The data show that environmental conditions favourable for the development of the disease were unfavourable for growth of control plants.

Response of Italian elite subterranean clover genotypes to Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium oxysporum under artificial conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Piano ◽  
L. Riccioni ◽  
L. Pecetti ◽  
A. M. Carroni ◽  
A. Porta-Puglia
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Artificial Infestation ◽  
Growth Vigour

Breeding programs of subterranean clover in southern Europe have traditionally set low priority on selection against major pathogens, in part because there have been no major disease outbreaks in this region. However, root-rot causing fungi, such as Fusarium spp., occur frequently on other crops and can therefore also represent a threat to clover. Thus, the breeding program carried out in Sardinia, Italy, took note of this disease. This study reports the results of 2 trials carried out in 2 consecutive years following artificial infestation with Fusarium spp. The first trial included 45 genotypes, of which 37 were Sardinian lines under advanced breeding and 8 were commercial varieties. To validate the variation observed in disease response, a subset of 27 genotypes was further evaluated in the second trial. In both trials, 3 pathogen treatments were applied, in addition to a control, uninoculated treatment - F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum, and an equal mixture of both fungi. One-month-old clover seedlings were scored in all treatments for shoot-growth vigour (1-9 scale), then excavated for scoring root-rot symptoms (1-5�scale), and finally weighed after oven drying. Analysis of variance tested differences among treatments, among genotypes, and between subsp. subterraneum and brachycalycinum of Trifolium subterraneum. On the common set of genotypes to both trials, a cluster analysis was applied using, as original variables, the average disease score across the 3 inoculated treatments in the 2 trials. Confirming previous evidence, F. avenaceum proved more pathogenic than F. oxysporum. The results suggested that high seedling vigour may play a role in limiting root-rot effects, and this may also contribute to the relatively better tolerance of subsp. brachycalycinum over subsp. subterraneum observed. Despite some inconsistency of response in the 2 trials both at the treatment and genotype level, some Sardinian genotypes demonstrated a consistent level of tolerance especially in relation to the performance of the commercial varieties tested. Among them were the lines `125 brachy C', `56 sub D', `22 brachy G', `56 sub B' (=Campeda), and `19 brachy E' (=Antas).

Anti-methanogenic advantage of biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus) over subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) from in vitro fermentation is maintained across growth stages and cutting treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Bidhyut Kumar Banik ◽  
Zoey Durmic ◽  
William Erskine ◽  
Clinton Revell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Collection ◽  
Grazing Systems

The annual forage legume biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) offers a promising opportunity as a low-methanogenic, bioactive pasture for southern Australian grazing systems where subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the dominant annual pasture legume. This in vitro study to assess methanogenic potential examined how growth stage and cutting of biserrula affect biomass, nutritive value and fermentative parameters including methanogenic potential compared with subterranean clover. Both species were grown in a glasshouse, where three growth-stage treatments comprised plant collection at vegetative, reproductive or maturity growth stages. Three cutting (simulated grazing) treatments included cutting at the vegetative or reproductive stage and an uncut control, with herbage collection at maturity. Methane production in biserrula was unaffected by the stage of growth. Other nutritive value and fermentative parameters varied significantly with growth stage, the highest fibre content and lowest crude protein (CP) being found at maturity. Regrowth from herbage cut at the reproductive stage had higher CP and lower biomass than other cut treatments. In biserrula, this regrowth also showed the highest fermentability of the three cutting treatments including elevated methane yield. Notwithstanding these treatment effects on fermentability, biserrula maintained its strong anti-methanogenic advantage over subterranean clover across all treatments, confirming its potential as an anti-methanogenic bioactive pasture.

Sources of variation in the resistance of subterranean clover to clover scorch (Kabatiella caulivora) in the field

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Chatel ◽  
CM Francis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
North African ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
South West ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Clover Scorch

The resistance of 307 varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) to the clover scorch disease pathogen was assessed in three locations in south west Australia. Disease intensity as measured by visual ratings of sward damage was found to vary with variety and location. Resistance was independent of subspecies groupings but dependent on country of origin. Spanish and Portugese varieties were generally less susceptible than North African selections. Disease severity was also related to plant characters by correlation and multiple regression analysis. Late maturing varieties were most resistant under the test conditions and rapidly growing earlier varieties, with large pale leaves and thick petioles, were least resistant.

Corrigendum - Humidity, free water and light in relation to development of Kabatiella caulivora (Kirchn.) Karak in Trifolium subterraneum L. cv.Yarloo

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
K Helms
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
And Control

The effects of moisture conditions on disease development and plant growth were examined in subterranean clover plants which were inoculated with K. caulivora 4 weeks after sowing and were maintained after inoculation at 20°C and with a light intensity of 2000 f.c. In plants which received 100% relative humidity (RH) with free water on leaves, for at least 4 days after inoculation, 15–20% of leaves developed lesions within 11 days. In plants which received continuously 90% RH with free water on leaves, or 100% RH without free water on leaves, less than 1.5% of leaves developed lesions within 11 days. There was no evidence of spread of infection in plants maintained for 11 or 25 days after inoculation. The effects of light intensities of 2000, 500 and 125 f.c. on disease development and plant growth were examined in plants which received 100% RH with free water on leaves and were grown for 25 days after inoculation, either in simulated swards or in standard pots. In most treatments a reduction in light intensity from 2000 to 500 f.c. reduced the growth of plants but had no effect on the percentage of diseased leaves, whereas a reduction in light intensity from 500 to 125 f.c. reduced growth and increased the percentage of diseased leaves of plants grown in swards from 30 to 70% and in standard pots from 10 to 35%. There were mortalities among both inoculated and control plants grown under 125 f.c. : in swards, 80–90% of inoculated plants and 30–40% of control plants died, whereas in standard pots 20–30% of inoculated plants and only occasional control plants died. The data show that environmental conditions favourable for the development of the disease were unfavourable for growth of control plants.

Infection of Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum) by Kabatiella caulivora

2001 ◽  
Vol 149 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bayliss ◽  
J. Kuo ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
M. J. Barbetti ◽  
E. S. Lagudah
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora
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