Effect of lime application to strongly acidic soils on the growth of macadamia seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
RL Aitken ◽  
RA Stephenson ◽  
EC Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range

Glasshouse experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effects of soil pH on macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche) seedlings and to examine seedling growth in relation to soil chemical properties in acidic soils. In one experiment, in which 13 rates of CaCO3 (0 to the equivalent of 12 000 kg/ha) were applied to a strongly acidic (pH 3.9, 1:5 in water) sandy loam, optimum seedling growth was obtained in the pH range 4.0-5.9. A second experiment, in which seedlings were grown in each of 3 strongly acidic soils amended with various rates of CaCO3, also showed that macadamia seedlings could grow satisfactorily at pH values of 4.0 (2 soils) and 4.5 (1 soil). Increased seedling growth on 2 soils (silty clay loam, experiment 1; sandy loam, experiment 2) treated with lime was due to amelioration of aluminium and/or manganese toxicity and not to the alleviation of calcium deficiency. The results indicate that soil pH measurement alone would not be a good indicator of seedling growth. In some soils, seedling growth was optimum at pH 3.9, whereas at pH 4.0 in another soil, growth was well below the maximum which was attained at pH 4.5. The significant (P<0.05) growth reductions that occurred on all soils limed to pH values >6.0 were attributed to induced micronutrient deficiencies.

EFFECTS OF pH AND NITRIFIER POPULATION ON NITRIFICATION OF BAND-APPLIED AND HOMOGENEOUSLY MIXED UREA NITROGEN IN SOILS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. PANG ◽  
C. M. CHO ◽  
R. A. HEDLIN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
The Difference

Two soils, Keld silty clay loam (pH 5.4) and Wellwood clay loam (pH 6.6), were used to investigate the effects of modifying soil pH upon the nitrification of band-applied urea at 20 C. The pH of the Keld soil was adjusted to 6.5 and 7.3 with Ca (OH)2, whereas the Wellwood soil was adjusted to 5.6 with H2SO4. In addition, nitrification of nitrogen in a homogeneously mixed soil–urea suspension at 20 C was studied using the two soils mentioned and also Morton very fine sandy loam (pH 8.2). There were marked differences in the rate of oxidation of NH4 between the natural Keld and acidified Wellwood soils at comparable soil pH values. The oxidation was found to be very slow in the Keld soil at all pH values and no appreciable nitrite was formed. In the Wellwood soil, nitrification was more rapid and was accompanied by nitrite formation. However, the rate of oxidation was temporarily retarded by decreasing the pH of the Wellwood soil, but the oxidation of band-applied urea in the Keld soil remained unchanged with modified pH of 6.5 and 7.3. Increase in nitrification and nitrate accumulation occurred when the limed Keld soils (pH 7.3) was inoculated with Nitrosomonas europaea. Soil suspension studies confirmed that the difference in nitrifying capacity among the soils was related to the initial nitrifier numbers whose activities were affected by the initial soil pH.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ON SOIL EROSION PROCESSES AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON HILLY LANDSCAPE IN WESTERN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras JARAŠIŪNAS ◽  
Irena KINDERIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different land use systems on soil erosion rates, surface evolution processes and physico-chemical properties on a moraine hilly topography in Lithuania. The soil of the experimental site is Bathihypogleyi – Eutric Albeluvisols (abe–gld–w) whose texture is a sandy loam. After a 27-year use of different land conservation systems, three critical slope segments (slightly eroded, active erosion and accumulation) were formed. Soil physical properties of the soil texture and particle sizes distribution were examined. Chemical properties analysed for were soil ph, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). We estimated the variation in thickness of the soil Ap horizon and soil physico-chemical properties prone to a sustained erosion process. During the study period (2010–2012) water erosion occurred under the grain– grass and grass–grain crop rotations, at rates of 1.38 and 0.11 m3 ha–1 yr–1, respectively. Soil exhumed due to erosion from elevated positions accumulated in the slope bottom. As a result, topographic transfiguration of hills and changes in soil properties occurred. However, the accumulation segments of slopes had significantly higher silt/clay ratios and SOC content. In the active erosion segments a lighter soil texture and lower soil ph were recorded. Only long-term grassland completely stopped soil erosion effects; therefore geomorphologic change and degradation of hills was estimated there as minimal.

Effect of Soil pH on Degradation, Movement, and Plant Uptake of Chlorsulfuron

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Fredrickson ◽  
Patrick J. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The influence of soil pH on the uptake, degradation, and movement of chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} in soil was examined. Phytotoxicity decreased as pH increased in a silty clay loam with an adjusted pH range of 5.9 to 7.5. Fresh weights of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. ‘Funks G-499 GBR’] shoots grown in soil at pH 7.5 and containing 0.8 or 1.6 ppbw chlorsulfuron were not different from the controls while large differences occurred at pH 5.9. Uptake of14C-chlorsulfuron by wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Centurk’) in a silty clay loam with a pH of 5.9 was 67 to 100% greater than at pH 7.5. Soil pH strongly influenced the degradation rate of chlorsulfuron in a laboratory incubation study. Chlorsulfuron half-life in a silty clay loam was 1.9 weeks at pH 5.6 and 10 weeks at pH 7.5. Soil thin-layer chromatography indicated a high leaching potential for chlorsulfuron, and mobility increased as soil pH was increased.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL pH AND HUMIDITY ON SURVIVAL OF CEPHALOSPORIUM GRAMINEUM IN INFESTED WHEAT STRAW

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bruehl ◽  
P. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Cephalosporium Gramineum ◽  
Wilting Point

Cephalosporium gramineum survived in and sporulated most profusely on wheat straws in soil at pH 3.9 to 5.5. Strongly acid (pH 3.3) and alkaline soil (pH 7.6 or greater) reduced survival. The sporodochial stage (Hymenula cerealis) formed at pH values between 3.9 and 8.4, but most abundantly at pH 4.8 to 5.1. While acidity favored both saprophytic survival and sporulation, the pH’s of most wheat lands of Washington are within the pH range favorable for the pathogen.Saprophytic colonization of straw by Trichoderma spp. was favored by acidity (greatest at pH 3.3 to 3.9), and colonization by saprophytic Fusarium spp. by alkalinity (greatest at pH 8.2 to 8.8).Air-dried soil was brought to various relative humidities (RH) over glycerine and water solutions. Cephalosporium gramineum survived best in straw in contact with soil at the lowest RH tested (ca. 82%) and least well at an RH near 90%. Survival was reduced in soils with relative humidities between 90 and 86%, water levels below those of soil at the permanent wilting point for higher plants. Such humidities exist in surface layers of summerfallow and crop lands during portions of the summer in Washington.Penicillium brevi-compactum and P. steckii were the main colonists of the straws at RH values of 95% or lower.

scholarly journals Variation in pH Optima of Hydrolytic Enzyme Activities in Tropical Rain Forest Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (19) ◽  
pp. 6485-6493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Fluorogenic Substrates ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Optimum Ph

ABSTRACT Extracellular enzymes synthesized by soil microbes play a central role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in the environment. The pH optima of eight hydrolytic enzymes involved in the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, were assessed in a series of tropical forest soils of contrasting pH values from the Republic of Panama. Assays were conducted using 4-methylumbelliferone-linked fluorogenic substrates in modified universal buffer. Optimum pH values differed markedly among enzymes and soils. Enzymes were grouped into three classes based on their pH optima: (i) enzymes with acidic pH optima that were consistent among soils (cellobiohydrolase, β-xylanase, and arylsulfatase), (ii) enzymes with acidic pH optima that varied systematically with soil pH, with the most acidic pH optima in the most acidic soils (α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase), and (iii) enzymes with an optimum pH in either the acid range or the alkaline range depending on soil pH (phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase). The optimum pH values of phosphomonoesterase were consistent among soils, being 4 to 5 for acid phosphomonoesterase and 10 to 11 for alkaline phosphomonoesterase. In contrast, the optimum pH for phosphodiesterase activity varied systematically with soil pH, with the most acidic pH optima (3.0) in the most acidic soils and the most alkaline pH optima (pH 10) in near-neutral soils. Arylsulfatase activity had a very acidic optimum pH in all soils (pH ≤3.0) irrespective of soil pH. The differences in pH optima may be linked to the origins of the enzymes and/or the degree of stabilization on solid surfaces. The results have important implications for the interpretation of hydrolytic enzyme assays using fluorogenic substrates.

scholarly journals Saline water irrigation in semiarid region: I – effects on soil chemical properties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1169-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽  
Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos Freire ◽  
Renato Lemos dos Santos ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Márcio Fléquisson Alves Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam

The use of saline water for crop irrigation is a commonly adopted practice among the farmers in the semiarid regions around the world, but the magnitude of soil salinization resulting from the use of these waters is currently insufficiently understood. This work aims to evaluate the chemical attribute changes of two Fluvisols cultivated with onion and subjected to irrigation with increasing levels of salinity, expressed by electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Sandy loam and silty clay loam soils were irrigated with three different levels of saline waters with electrical conductivity (EC - 200, 700 and 2,000 μS cm-1) and six levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR - 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 (mmolc L-1)0.5). Thus, the experiment consisted of a complete factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 6 (two soils, three EC levels and six SAR levels), in four replicates. The soils were cultivated with onion and pH levels of the soil were measured at 90 days after transplanting, as were the contents of exchangeable and soluble cations. ESP and SAR values were then calculated. This study revealed that the use of water with salinity at or above 700 μS cm-1 is capable of promoting changes in the chemical properties of soils and the continuous use of irrigation water with high EC and high SAR values may promote salinization and sodification of Fluvisols in a semiarid environment. These changes were found to be more severe in silty clay loam soils than in sandy loam soils.

The pH of Puerto Rican Soils Used for Principal Crops

1969 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
George Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acid Range

The pH values of the soils of Puerto Rico were determined with the following results: 1. About 80 percent of the soils were acid (below pH 7) and 50 percent were below pH 6, which was acid enough to require liming. 2. Most of the soils planted to bananas were pH 6 and above. 3. The pH range for brushland was wide, extending from acid to alkaline. 4. Eighty percent of the soils of the coconut plantations were above pH 6. 5. Coffee soils, in general, were acid, with 63 percent below pH 6, of which 49 percent were in the range pH 5.0 to 5.9 and 13 percent in the very acid range of pH 4.0 to 4.9. 6. The pH of soils planted to corn varied widely. 7. The small cotton acreage had a pH range of 5.0 to 5.9. 8. The soils planted to grapefruit had 57 percent of their acreage at pH 4.0 to 4.9 and 29 percent in the range pH 5.0 to 5.9. 9. The natural pastures had 75 percent of their soil at pH below 6, whereas improved and rotational pastures had only 39 percent below pH 6. 10. Pineapples were planted in acid soils, 75 percent of which were below pH 6. 11. The majority, 68 percent, of the plantains were grown in acid soils below pH 6. 12. Root-crop soils had a systematic distribution throughout the range of pH from below 4 to above 8. 13. Most soils used for soilage (cut grass) had a pH above 6. 14. Eighty-one percent of the sugarcane acreage was found to be in the range of pH 5 to 8. About 36 percent of the cane acreage was below pH 5.5 and in need of liming. 15. Tobacco was grown primarily on acid soils, with 61 percent of its acreage on those below pH 6. 16. No vegetables were found in soils with a pH below 5, and 50 percent were planted in soils with a pH above 6. 17. The pH range for woodland soil was distributed rather evenly from a pH 5 to 7.9. 18. The average pH and range of pH of the soils of Puerto Rico are presented, by soil series, and several examples are given of the relationship between soil pH and soil series.

Copper and zinc species in the soil solution and the effects of soil pH

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Jeffery ◽  
NC Uren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chelex 100 ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Free Metal

A scheme to distinguish various species of trace metals in the soil solution has been used to study the forms of copper and zinc in the soil solution of a sandy loam that had been limed to give a range of soil pH values. The scheme is based on the lability of the metal species and involves the use of anodic stripping voltammetry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and equilibration with Chelex-100 exchange resin. The solubility of zinc in this soil decreased markedly with increasing soil pH, with most of the zinc being present as free metal ions or as labile complexes. In contrast, copper species were largely moderately labile and non-labile and the solubility of copper varied only slightly with soil pH. The effects of enriching the soil with the metals and organic matter on the species present were also investigated.

scholarly journals Some negative chemical properties of acid soils

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miodrag Jakovljevic ◽  
Mirjana Kresovic ◽  
Srdjan Blagojevic ◽  
Svetlana Antic-Mladenovic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Inhibition Of Nitrification ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Some important chemical properties of various samples of two types of acid soil from Western Serbia (pseudogley and brown forest) are presented in this paper. Mobile Al was found in elevated and toxic quantities (10?30 mg/100 g) in the more acid samples of pseudogley soil. All samples of brown forest soil were very acid and the quantities of mobile Al were in the range from 12.8 to 90.0 mg/100 g. In a selected number of pseudogley soils, the influence of pH and other soil properties on the mineralization and nitrification processes was investigated. Strong inhibition of nitrification at low soil pH was found to be related to high quantities of mobile Al. At pH values less than 4.0 (in 1 M KCl), processes of chemical nitrification and denitrification of applied nitrites were registered in the pseudogley soils. .

scholarly journals Soil Physico-chemical Properties Changes under Different Crops in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Awe ◽  
O. O. Nurudeen ◽  
S. O. Omotoso ◽  
A. A. Amiola ◽  
D. Ojeniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Classical Statistics

The sustainable soil management necessary to maintain soil quality depends on the understanding of how the soil responds to agricultural practices over time. This paper reports the changes in physicochemical properties that resulted from different cropping systems on a soil in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from sole maize plot (1.0 ha), sole cowpea plot (1.0ha) and cassava/maize intercrop plot (0.6ha) on a land that was previously under fallow. The sand, silt and clay contents of the soil and some selected chemical parameters varied considerably within the study area (different cropping zones). The soil was generally sandy loam and was found to vary from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline and generally low in Soil Organic Matter (SOM) and Available P (Av. P) with no salinity problem. High magnitude of variability was observed for Electrical Conductivity (EC), Av. P and SOM while pH had the least magnitude. A geostatistical evaluation of the soil chemical properties showed moderate to strong spatial dependence. The geospatial maps clearly revealed the heterogeneity of the soil chemical properties across the field. Both classical statistics and geo-statistical analyses of the soil of the area provided a better understanding of the spatial variability of soil chemical properties and the influence that such could have on crop performance. The results indicated that the soil pH is slightly acidic and contained low amounts of both SOM and Av. P. It is suggested that planting of cover crops, minimum tillage and controlled application of phosphate fertilizer should be done so as to increase the SOM, improve Av. P and maintain the soil pH. Further studies should be conducted to include other soil chemical properties such that robust site specific management programme could be effected.

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