Effects of pasture and supplement quality on the responses of lactating dairy cows to high energy supplements

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
R Currie ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Basal Ration

An experiment was conducted in which 30 stall-fed dairy cows were fed a basal ration of either good or poor quality pasture (approx. 7 kg DM) and supplemented with varying amounts of either crushed wheat or a pelleted. high energy supplement (0, 4 kg/clay or ad libitum). The cows were in their third month of lactation and were fed their allotted rations for 5 weeks. Where no supplements were fed, the approximate 9% difference in digestibility between pasture types resulted in differences in daily production of 2.4 kg milk/cow, 0.07 kg milk fat/cow and 0.06 kg milk protein/cow, and a difference of 0.4 units of body condition over a 5-week period. Where supplements were fed, responses depended on the interaction between a supplement and basal ration. With good quality pasture as the basal ration, the type of supplement was not important; marginal returns of milk products to extra feeding were similar for both supplements, for example, 1.0 kg milk/cow.day was produced for each additional kg of concentrate consumed. There was a reduction in milk fat production when more than about 5-6 kg DM of supplement was fed. This was due to a depression in the fat content of the milk which was associated with low dietary fibre (<250 g/kg of dietary neutral detergent fibre). However. when pellets were fed to cows offered poor quality pasture. a reduction in milk fat yield did not occur. When wheat supplemented poor quality pasture, on the other hand, deficiencies other than fibre were implicated. While fibre was the most important limitation to productivity when good quality pasture was supplemented with concentrates, protein was the most likely nutrient to limit productivity first when poor quality pasture formed the basal ration. The potential exists for major imbalances of nutrients to occur unless the composition of dietary components is known.

Feeding high energy supplements to pasture-fed dairy cows. Effects of stage of lactation and level of supplement

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
A Callaghan ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Matter Basis

Five experiments were done in which stall-fed dairy cows were provided with a basal ration of pasture (6-7 kg DM) which was supplemented with varying amounts of a pelleted, high energy supplement (0-10 kg DM). Forty-seven cows at various stages of lactation were fed in this manner for up to 5 weeks. Responses to feeding the supplement depended on the stage of lactation at which the supplement was fed, and the amount of the supplement consumed. Marginal responses in milk production fell from 1.6 to 0.7 kg milk per kg supplement as lactation progressed, and as the level of feeding increased. Although responses in milk fat yield also decreased as lactation advanced, there was also a reduction in milk fat production when more than about 6 kg DM of supplement were fed. This was due to a severe depression in the fat content of the milk, which was found to be associated with intakes of diets with less than 250 g kg DM-1 neutral detergent fibre; diets with less than this level of fibre resulted in ratios of lipogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acids in the rumen below 4:1. This occurred when the supplement constituted 0.4-0.5 of the diet on a dry matter basis. In addition, rumen ammonia levels were low when large amounts of supplement were fed. With all rumen characteristics, stage of lactation had no influence on values.

The nutritive characteristics of herbage consumed by grazing dairy cows affect milk yield responses obtained from concentrate supplementation

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Marginal Returns

The results of 7 experiments, conducted during 1994–95 (year 1) and 1995–96 (year 2) at the Kyabram Dairy Centre in northern Victoria, were collated to test the hypothesis that nutritive characteristics of the herbage consumed by dairy cows will affect responses to concentrates. In 6 experiments, lactating Friesian cows grazing irrigated perennial pastures were either unsupplemented or were offered 5 kg DM/cow.day of a high energy concentrate (pellets comprised of 75% barley and 25% wheat); in the other experiment, cows received 0 and 3 kg DM/cow.day. Four experiments, each of 5 weeks duration, were completed during year 1, and 3 experiments of 4 weeks duration were conducted during year 2. The mean metabolisable energy concentration of the herbage consumed in each experiment varied with season, being highest in spring (10.1–11.3 MJ/kg DM), and lowest from summer to early autumn (8.3–9.0 MJ/kg DM). It is suggested that milk responses attributed to feeding high energy supplements were influenced by characteristics of the herbage eaten in conjunction with the supplement. The highest marginal responses to concentrate supplementation occurred in summer and early autumn when pastures, which were dominated by paspalum and other poor quality species, were low in energy. Responses at that time (≥1.0 kg milk per kg DM of concentrates) were greater than in spring (≤0.6 kg milk/kg DM). A significant negative relationship existed between marginal returns of fat-corrected milk and metabolisable energy concentration of the herbage consumed (100R2 = 80.6) and several published data sets provided support for this result. Possible reasons for this outcome, including variations in substitution between experiments, confounding with stage of lactation, variable partitioning of nutrients and imbalances in dietary crude protein and neutral detergent fibre, were examined. Of these explanations, fibre insufficiency in spring appeared the most probable. The possibility that the lower marginal returns in spring are associated with fibre insufficiency requires further investigation.

Effect of pasture feeding levels on the responses of lactating dairy cows to high energy supplements

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Supplements

Stall-fed dairy cows were fed amounts of pasture ranging from 6.7 to 11.8 kg DM/cow.day and supplemented with either 0, 2.2 or 4.5 kg DM/cow.day of pelleted concentrates. Twenty-eight cows in their third month of lactation and 29 cows in their eighth month of lactation were fed in this manner for about 5 weeks. Stage of lactation had a major influence on responses obtained from feeding a high energy supplement to pasture-fed cows. In early lactation, for cows fed 6.8 kg DM, marginal responses from feeding an additional kg DM of concentrates were 1.85, 0.053 and 0.059 kg milk, milk fat and milk protein, respectively; if they were fed 11.7 kg DM of pasture, marginal responses from concentrates were more than halved (0.58 kg milk, 0.019 kg milk fat and 0.027 kg milk protein per kg DM). The latter response to concentrates, where high levels of pasture were fed to cows in early lactation, were less than those obtained in late lactation at any level of pasture feeding.

Effect of pasture allowance and level of concentrate feeding on the productivity of dairy cows in late lactation

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Marginal Returns

This experiment examined the effects of level of concentrate feeding and pasture allowance on the productivity of dairy cows in late lactation. Thirty-two cows in their 8th month of lactation were allocated to eight treatments; these were combinations of two pasture allowances (about 15 and 26 kg DM/cow.day) and four levels of concentrates (0,2,4 kg/cow.day and ad libitum). Milk and protein yields increased linearly with level of supplementation but the response of milk fat yield was curvilinear; peak fat yield occurred at 4 to 5 kg DM/cow.day of concentrates fed. The marginal returns from feeding 1 kg of concentrates were 0.57 kg milk, 0.030 kg fat and 0.022 kg protein from feeding up to 5 kg DM/ cow.day. The different pasture allowances significantly influenced only fat yield; the cows at the higher allowance produced 0.044 kg more fat than did the cows at the lower allowance.

scholarly journals Betaine Improves Milk Yield in Grazing Dairy Cows Supplemented with Concentrates at High Temperatures

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunshea ◽  
Kehinde Oluboyede ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
Brian Leury ◽  
Jeremy Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Betaine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Milk

Betaine is an organic osmolyte sourced from sugar beet that accumulates in plant cells undergoing osmotic stress. Since the accumulation of betaine lowers the energy requirements of animals and, therefore, metabolic heat production, the aim of this experiment was to investigate if betaine supplementation improved milk yield in grazing dairy cows in summer. One hundred and eighteen Friesian × Holstein cows were paired on days in milk and, within each pair, randomly allocated to a containing treatment of either 0 or 2 g/kg natural betaine in their concentrate ration for approximately 3 weeks during February/March 2015 (summer in Australia). The mean maximum February temperature was 30 °C. Cows were allocated approximately 14 kg dry matter pasture and 7.5 kg of concentrate pellets (fed in the milking shed) per cow per day and were milked through an automatic milking system three times per day. Betaine supplementation increased average daily milk yield by over 6% (22.0 vs. 23.4 kg/day, p < 0.001) with the response increasing as the study progressed as indicated by the interaction (p < 0.001) between betaine and day. Milk fat % (p = 0.87), milk protein % (p = 0.90), and milk somatic cell count (p = 0.81) were unchanged by dietary betaine. However, betaine supplementation increased milk protein yield (677 vs. 719 g/day, p < 0.001) and fat yield (874 vs. 922 g/day, p < 0.001) with responses again being more pronounced as the study progressed. In conclusion, dietary betaine supplementation increased milk and component yield during summer in grazing dairy cows.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION AND EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF MILKING COW TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
A. Zolotarov ◽  
I. Sediuk ◽  
V. Piskun ◽  
S. Zolotarova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feeding Technology

One of the important parts of the technology of industrial milk production is the organization of the technology of feeding dairy cows, as in the cost of milk feeding costs reach 70%. To determine the effectiveness of the introduction of new approaches to the organization of feeding dairy cows, it is necessary to conduct a more detailed analysis – not only to determine the impact on dairy productivity, but also to take into account the economic component. Obtaining high milk yields is impossible due to unbalanced rations, poor quality feed and imperfect feed preparation technology. The use in practice of new approaches in balancing feeding rations allows to achieve the tasks at lower cost. The elements of feeding technology of dairy cows were introduced and the efficiency of using high-energy protein supplement with protected protein TEP-mix on two groups of dairy cows with a productivity of 15–20 kg per day was determined. The introduction of the proposed supplement to the diet provided an increase in the content of undigested protein in the rumen from 24.0 % to 34.0 % in the diet. This allowed not only to increase the milk productivity of cows, but also to improve the quality of milk. It was found that with the introduction of supplements in cows of the experimental group, in the rations of which used TEP-mix, the daily milk yield of cows increased by an average of 3.68 kg (from 12.0 to 15.68 kg), and in terms on the basic fat content – by 5.45 kg (from 13.24 to 18.68 kg), the fat content – by 0.30 abs. % (from 3.75 to 4.05 %), protein – by 0, 27 abs. % (from 2.95 to 3.22). At the same time, the average daily income per 1 cow in the sale of basic fat milk increased by UAH 41.65. (from UAH 26.46 to UAH 68.11), and the profit per 1 kg of milk of basic fat content – by UAH 1.65. (from UAH 2.00 to UAH 3.65). Based on multicriteria analysis, it was found that when using different approaches to the organization of feeding technology for dairy cows, the one that uses the additive TEP-mix with protected protein is more profitable.

Persian clover and maize silage. I. Silage as a supplement for lactating dairy cows offered herbage of different quality

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Basal Ration

A penfeeding experiment, involving 29 lactating dairy cows, was undertaken to assess the use of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinaturn) herbage instead of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-dominant herbage as the basal ration in diets in which maize silage (0 to 10.6 kg DM/cow day-1) was used as a supplement. This was supported by a second experiment in which 16 cows grazed limited amounts of Persian clover pasture (herbage allowance of 16.5 kg DM/cow day-1) and were supplemented with various amounts of maize silage (0 to 8.3 kg DM/cow daym-1). In the pen experiment, feeding maize silage to cows grossly underfed with perennial ryegrass pasture resulted in a marginal response to additional feeding of 0.9 kg milk for each of the first 5 kg DM of supplement eaten. This level of supplementary feeding constituted about 40% of the diet. Thereafter, maize silage resulted in virtually no additional milk and the best fed cows only produced about 20 kg of milk. A much greater response in milk yield (1.4 kg milk/kg DM of additional maize silage eaten) was obtained when Persian clover was substituted as the basal ration. There were no differences in milk composition or changes in body condition between cows offered the different basal herbages. Milk fat content averaged 3.9% across all cows, while milk protein content and change in body condition increased by 0.03% and 0.13 units for each additional kg DM of maize silage eaten each day. In the grazing experiment, when a small amount of maize silage was fed to the cows, the marginal return was 1.2 kg milk for each additional kg DM of maize silage eaten. This is only slightly lower than that reported for the indoor feeding study. A major reason for the good response was the negligible substitution of maize silage for Persian clover that occurred with the first increment of supplement in the diet. With higher levels of maize silage feeding, no extra milk was produced. It was the increase in the level of substitution at the higher levels of maize silage that eliminated the possibility of additional responses in milk production.

Feeding concentrates based on individual cow requirements improves the yield of milk solids in dairy cows grazing restricted pasture

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. García ◽  
M. Pedernera ◽  
W. J. Fulkerson ◽  
A. Horadagoda ◽  
K. Nandra
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Milk Solids

A grazing experiment involving 50 lactating Holstein–Friesian dairy cows was conducted to test the hypothesis that feeding concentrates (range 3–7 kg as fed/cow.day; average 5 kg/cow.day) to grazing cows based on individual (I) cow requirements would increase milk solids yield in comparison to fixed rate (F) allocation to the whole herd (average 5 kg/cow.day for all cows). The experiment comprised two sequential periods that differed only in the way maize silage was offered to cows (either 100% on a feed pad at night or 75% on a feed pad at night, with 25% in a paddock in the morning). Intake of individual cows was estimated using the 13C and n-alkanes method. The rumen degradability of the feeds (lucerne pasture, maize silage and commercial dairy pellets) was measured in parallel, using six rumen-fistulated sheep. Compared with cows in the F group, milk yield and milk fat yield for the I cows increased (P < 0.05) by 3.0 and 11.1%, respectively. As neither milk protein content nor milk protein yield was affected (P > 0.05) by treatment, total milk solids yield (milk fat plus milk protein) was 7.0% higher (P < 0.05) for I cows than for F cows. The increase in milk fat yield was presumably associated with an improved diet nutrient balance in the I cows, as indicated by a significant correlation between fibre intake and milk fat yield for cows in the I group but not for cows in the F group. This is also supported by the results of the rumen degradability of the feeds. In this study, higher-producing cows compensated for their higher requirements by increasing intake of maize silage, rather than pasture, as the former was the less restricted feed on offer. This highlights the importance of offering at least one feed to cows in a less restricted way, in order to enable high-producing cows in the herd to compensate for their higher intake requirements. In conclusion, under the conditions of the present study, feeding concentrates to cows based on individual cow requirements increased milk solids yield at no extra cost.

scholarly journals Trans-10, Trans-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Does Not Affect Milk Fat Yield but Reduces Δ9-Desaturase Index in Dairy Cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 2559-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Perfield ◽  
P. Delmonte ◽  
A.L. Lock ◽  
M.P. Yurawecz ◽  
D.E. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Fat Yield

Strategies of feeding high-energy supplements to primiparous dairy cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
High Forage

Primiparous lactating dairy cows were utilized in two experiments to evaluate productive benefits of modifying the strategy of feeding a mixed concentrate fed as a supplement to an all-forage mixed ration (exp. 1), and to evaluate the productive benefit of modifying the sequence of feeding two supplementary grains, with differing rates of rumen fermentation, in relation to a high-forage (60.8% of dry matter) mixed ration (exp. 2). Results of exp. 1 did not demonstrate differences in production parameters as a result of modifying the strategy of feeding supplemental concentrate to include a night feeding at 02:30, either in replacement of, or in addition to, a more traditional feeding time of 21:00. Results of exp. 2 did not demonstrate significant changes in production parameters by feeding supplemental grain subsequent to a high-forage mixed ration, as opposed to before it, regardless of the rumen fermentability of the grain. However, rumen fermentability of the grain did influence milk yield and its components. These data demonstrate that manipulating supplemental concentrate allocation strategy, or supplemental grain feeding sequences relative to forage, under the conditions of these experiments, are not of practical importance in primiparous dairy cows. Key words: Management, strategy, sequence, dairy cattle

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