Strategies of feeding high-energy supplements to primiparous dairy cows

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
High Forage

Primiparous lactating dairy cows were utilized in two experiments to evaluate productive benefits of modifying the strategy of feeding a mixed concentrate fed as a supplement to an all-forage mixed ration (exp. 1), and to evaluate the productive benefit of modifying the sequence of feeding two supplementary grains, with differing rates of rumen fermentation, in relation to a high-forage (60.8% of dry matter) mixed ration (exp. 2). Results of exp. 1 did not demonstrate differences in production parameters as a result of modifying the strategy of feeding supplemental concentrate to include a night feeding at 02:30, either in replacement of, or in addition to, a more traditional feeding time of 21:00. Results of exp. 2 did not demonstrate significant changes in production parameters by feeding supplemental grain subsequent to a high-forage mixed ration, as opposed to before it, regardless of the rumen fermentability of the grain. However, rumen fermentability of the grain did influence milk yield and its components. These data demonstrate that manipulating supplemental concentrate allocation strategy, or supplemental grain feeding sequences relative to forage, under the conditions of these experiments, are not of practical importance in primiparous dairy cows. Key words: Management, strategy, sequence, dairy cattle

Effect of pasture feeding levels on the responses of lactating dairy cows to high energy supplements

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Energy Supplement ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Supplements

Stall-fed dairy cows were fed amounts of pasture ranging from 6.7 to 11.8 kg DM/cow.day and supplemented with either 0, 2.2 or 4.5 kg DM/cow.day of pelleted concentrates. Twenty-eight cows in their third month of lactation and 29 cows in their eighth month of lactation were fed in this manner for about 5 weeks. Stage of lactation had a major influence on responses obtained from feeding a high energy supplement to pasture-fed cows. In early lactation, for cows fed 6.8 kg DM, marginal responses from feeding an additional kg DM of concentrates were 1.85, 0.053 and 0.059 kg milk, milk fat and milk protein, respectively; if they were fed 11.7 kg DM of pasture, marginal responses from concentrates were more than halved (0.58 kg milk, 0.019 kg milk fat and 0.027 kg milk protein per kg DM). The latter response to concentrates, where high levels of pasture were fed to cows in early lactation, were less than those obtained in late lactation at any level of pasture feeding.

Effects of pasture and supplement quality on the responses of lactating dairy cows to high energy supplements

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
R Currie ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Basal Ration

An experiment was conducted in which 30 stall-fed dairy cows were fed a basal ration of either good or poor quality pasture (approx. 7 kg DM) and supplemented with varying amounts of either crushed wheat or a pelleted. high energy supplement (0, 4 kg/clay or ad libitum). The cows were in their third month of lactation and were fed their allotted rations for 5 weeks. Where no supplements were fed, the approximate 9% difference in digestibility between pasture types resulted in differences in daily production of 2.4 kg milk/cow, 0.07 kg milk fat/cow and 0.06 kg milk protein/cow, and a difference of 0.4 units of body condition over a 5-week period. Where supplements were fed, responses depended on the interaction between a supplement and basal ration. With good quality pasture as the basal ration, the type of supplement was not important; marginal returns of milk products to extra feeding were similar for both supplements, for example, 1.0 kg milk/cow.day was produced for each additional kg of concentrate consumed. There was a reduction in milk fat production when more than about 5-6 kg DM of supplement was fed. This was due to a depression in the fat content of the milk which was associated with low dietary fibre (<250 g/kg of dietary neutral detergent fibre). However. when pellets were fed to cows offered poor quality pasture. a reduction in milk fat yield did not occur. When wheat supplemented poor quality pasture, on the other hand, deficiencies other than fibre were implicated. While fibre was the most important limitation to productivity when good quality pasture was supplemented with concentrates, protein was the most likely nutrient to limit productivity first when poor quality pasture formed the basal ration. The potential exists for major imbalances of nutrients to occur unless the composition of dietary components is known.

scholarly journals Responses of Lactating Dairy Cows to Protected Fats or Whole Cottonseed in Low or High Forage Diets

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 3512-3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lubis ◽  
H.H. Van Horn ◽  
B. Harris ◽  
K.C. Bachman ◽  
S.M. Emanuele
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage Diets

scholarly journals Night-restricted feeding of dairy cows modifies daily rhythms of feed intake, milk synthesis and plasma metabolites compared with day-restricted feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (8) ◽  
pp. 849-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac J. Salfer ◽  
Kevin J. Harvatine
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Daily Rhythms ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Night Feeding

AbstractThe timing of feed intake can alter circadian rhythms of peripheral tissues. Milk synthesis displays a daily rhythm across several species, but the effect of feeding time on these rhythms is poorly characterised. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the time of feed intake modifies the daily patterns of milk synthesis, plasma metabolites and body temperature in dairy cows. Sixteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment sequences in a cross-over design with 17 d periods. Treatments included day-restricted feeding (DRF; feed available from 07.00 to 23.00 hours) and night-restricted feeding (NRF; feed available from 19.00 to 11.00 hours). Cows were milked every 6 h on the last 7 d of each period, and blood samples were collected to represent every 4 h over the day. Peak milk yield was shifted from morning in DRF to evening in NRF, while milk fat, protein and lactose concentration peaked in the evening in DRF and the morning in NRF. Plasma glucose, insulin, NEFA and urea nitrogen concentration fit daily rhythms in all treatments. Night feeding increased the amplitude of glucose, insulin and NEFA rhythms and shifted the daily rhythms by 8 to 12 h (P < 0·05). Night feeding also phase-delayed the rhythm of core body temperature and DRF increased its amplitude. Altering the time of feed availability shifts the daily rhythms of milk synthesis and plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations and body temperature, suggesting that these rhythms may be entrained by food intake.

scholarly journals Choice of grazed herbage or maize silage by lactating dairy cows: influence of sward height and concentrate level

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Hernandez-Mendo ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Concentrate Level ◽  
Friesian Cows

The preference of lactating dairy cows for grazed herbage or maize silage (MS), simultaneously offered ad libitum in the field, was examined at two sward heights (SH 4-6 and 8-10cm) and two concentrate levels (CL 0 and 6kg day-1) in a 2x2 factorial arrangement within a completely randomised experimental design. The experiment lasted 35 days and was carried out in spring using 24 multiparous Holstein Friesian cows. On average, the cows proportionately spent more time grazing than eating MS (0.85:0.15) and even though the higher rate of intake (RI) of dry matter (DM) of MS compared with grazed herbage (76 versus 26g DM min-1), the proportion of total DM intake as herbage was higher compared to that of MS (0.56:0.44). The higher crude protein and low fibre content of grazed herbage appeared to have a higher priority of choice than RI, as the cows chose to graze for longer (grazing time 385 min, MS feeding time 67min) despite the lower RI of herbage. The low proportion MS intake indicated that RI was a secondary factor of choice. Concentrate supplementation had a greater depressing effect on herbage intake than on MS intake. These results suggest that the animals reduce the intake of feed with lower RI when the labor associated to eat is decreased. The factors influencing the choice for herbage over maize silage remain unclear.

Repeated ruminal dosing of Ruminococcus flavefaciens NJ along with a probiotic mixture in forage or concentrate-fed dairy cows: Effect on ruminal fermentation, cellulolytic populations and in sacco digestibility

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chiquette ◽  
G. Talbot ◽  
F. Markwell ◽  
N. Nili ◽  
R. J. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ruminococcus Flavefaciens ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Repeated Dosing ◽  
High Forage ◽  
In Sacco

Many studies have introduced exogenous bacterial strains into the rumen in an attempt to improve fermentation processes or counteract ruminal digestive disorders. Some attempts have been successful in the establishment of the new strain although others have failed. To a large extent, particular conditions necessary to the establishment of a new strain are not yet fully understood. In the present study, Ruminococcus flavefaciens NJ (NJ), isolated from the rumen of a wild moose, was introduced into the rumen of six ruminally fistulated non-lactating dairy cows receiving either a high concentrate or a high forage diet and supplemented on a daily basis with a probiotic mixture. In a second experiment, NJ and the probiotic mixture were given to young calves of 21 to 35 d of age. During repeated dosing, NJ modified the abundance of other cellulolytic bacterial populations compared with periods with no dosing. NJ also improved in sacco digestibility of timothy hay with the high concentrate diet. NJ declined rapidly in the rumen from 106 cells mL-1 after dosing to 102 cells mL-1, 24 h following dosing. The persistence of NJ increased with weeks of dosing in cows or when introduced in the rumen of young calves (105 cells mL-1 after 48 h and 102 cells mL-1 after 7 d). The presence of probiotics or a change in the concentrate to forage ratio in the diet did not succeed in establishing the new strain in the rumen. Key words: Ruminococcus flavefaciens NJ, probiotics, rumen fermentation, cellulolytic populations, in sacco digestibility, non-lactating dairy cows

Feeding high energy supplements to pasture-fed dairy cows. Effects of stage of lactation and level of supplement

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
A Callaghan ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Matter Basis

Five experiments were done in which stall-fed dairy cows were provided with a basal ration of pasture (6-7 kg DM) which was supplemented with varying amounts of a pelleted, high energy supplement (0-10 kg DM). Forty-seven cows at various stages of lactation were fed in this manner for up to 5 weeks. Responses to feeding the supplement depended on the stage of lactation at which the supplement was fed, and the amount of the supplement consumed. Marginal responses in milk production fell from 1.6 to 0.7 kg milk per kg supplement as lactation progressed, and as the level of feeding increased. Although responses in milk fat yield also decreased as lactation advanced, there was also a reduction in milk fat production when more than about 6 kg DM of supplement were fed. This was due to a severe depression in the fat content of the milk, which was found to be associated with intakes of diets with less than 250 g kg DM-1 neutral detergent fibre; diets with less than this level of fibre resulted in ratios of lipogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acids in the rumen below 4:1. This occurred when the supplement constituted 0.4-0.5 of the diet on a dry matter basis. In addition, rumen ammonia levels were low when large amounts of supplement were fed. With all rumen characteristics, stage of lactation had no influence on values.

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