Variation in seed glucosinolate concentrations of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. + Coss.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV Palmer ◽  
JP Sang ◽  
RN Oram ◽  
DA Tran ◽  
PA Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Somaclonal Variant ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Seed Glucosinolates

Detailed analysis of the seeds of 128 individual plants of an Indian mustard accession, PI 183117, grown at a field site with adequate soil sulfur, revealed a wide variation in both the composition and total concentrations of seed glucosinolates. An apparent somaclonal variant of the same accession is also reported. Selection of seeds from this variant resulted in the isolation of plants with significantly lower seed glucosinolate levels and a greatly reduced variability in both content and proportions of the major seed glucosinolates, compared with the parental line. Averaged over the field experiment, and 2 glasshouse experiments (the second with 2 soil sulfur levels), the reduction in total glucosinolate concentration was 22%. Neither the effect of additional sulfur, nor its interaction with the test populations, was significant. Assuming that the variation in total seed glucosinolate concentration between plants within the selection was entirely environmental, the lower limit of the broad sense heritability in the original accession was estimated as 29.5%. Additional genetic variation appears to be necessary to reduce the seed glucosinolate content to the maximum level specified under the 'Canola' standard for rapeseed.

A comparison of sample preparation and calibration techniques for the estimation of nitrogen, oil and glucosinolate content of rapeseed by near infrared spectroscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Starr ◽  
Janet Suttle ◽  
A. G. Morgan ◽  
D. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Reflectance Analysis ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration ◽  
Forward Stepwise ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
Reflectance Data

SummaryPredictions of nitrogen, oil and glucosinolate concentration in rapeseed samples were made by near infrared reflectance analysis after various grinding treatments. Also examined were the effects of normalizing reflectance data and the possible advantage of using all combinations of two and three wavelengths in the calibration regression analysis over forward stepwise regression. The main conclusion was that drying the samples prior to a controlled grinding treatment gave the best results, although acceptable results for selection purposes could be obtained using whole seeds to predict nitrogen and oil. None of the treatments of the seed or reflectance data allowed acceptable prediction of glucosinolate content.

scholarly journals Selection for contrasting seed tocopherol content in sunflower seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. VELASCO ◽  
L. DEL MORAL ◽  
B. PÉREZ-VICH ◽  
J. M. FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYSunflower oil, with more than 0·9 of tocopherols in the alpha-tocopherol form, supplies more vitamin E than any other vegetable oil. Thus far, no breeding to increase vitamin E levels in sunflower seeds has been conducted. The objective of the present research was to develop sunflower lines with high and low total seed tocopherol content through evaluation and subsequent selection of a large germplasm collection (952 sunflower entries). A range of variation from 119 to 491 mg/kg was found. Selection conducted from S1 to S4 plant generations allowed the isolation of line IAST-413, with an increased tocopherol content of 467 mg/kg compared to 251 mg/kg in the control line HA89, and line IAST-522, with a reduced tocopherol content of 73 mg/kg. Another accession with potentially high tocopherol content, but completely self-incompatible, was crossed to the line HA89 followed by plant-to-row selection up to the F5 plant generation; it averaged 463 mg/kg compared to 240 mg/kg in HA89. Two field experiments carried out at Córdoba in southern Spain in 2006 and 2007 with different sowing dates confirmed that the increased tocopherol content in the selected lines was consistently expressed across environments.

scholarly journals Comprehensive phenotypic and statistical based analysis of foxtail millet (Setaria italic L.) lines for parental line selection

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sekhar Akila ◽  
Palakurthi Ramesh ◽  
Gurulakshmi Kola ◽  
Mallikarjuna Gunti ◽  
Puli Chandra Obul Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Panicle Weight

Minor millets are the small-grained cereals that belong to family Poaceae, with local importance as a food source but are often called as underutilized plant species.   Foxtail millet is one among  the oldest cultivated small diploid, C4 Panicoid, with short life cycle, and inbreeding nature. The genetic diversity of the foxtail millet is important for breeding systems, geographical distribution studies, assist in conservation of genetic resources for high yielding varietal development in breeding programs, expansion of the genetic base and for identification of genes for various phenotypic traits. Keeping in view of this an attempt has made to develop pure lines from local farmers preserved populations and phenotypically characterize them along with four released cultivars.  A total of eleven farmers varieties and four released cultivars were evaluated for seven quantitative traits in complete random block desing at net house conditions.  The maximum coefficient of variation was observed for panicle exertion, followed by number of tillers/plant and panicle weight. High positive significant correlations was observed for Plant height, panicle length, panicle weight and total seed weight with other traits under study. Panicle exertion exhibit negative correlations with panicle length, panicle weight and no of tillers. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) explains variability of 95.43% in the fifteen genotypes for the traits under study that corresponds to first 4 eigen values with greater than 0.60.  The proportions of the total variance explained by the first 4 principal components (PCs) were 42.98%, 71.02%, 85.43% and 95.43% respectively. Wards method based genetic similarity or dissimilarity clustering based on seven morphological traits among the fifteen foxtail millet genotypes was able to separate and grouped them into 2 major clusters I and II.  The genetic and phenotypic variability present in the foxtail millet genotypes give opportunity for plant breeders for effective selection of specific donor lines for foxtail millet improvement.

Selection and in vitro properties of inhibitor-nonsensitive influenza A (H3N2) strains

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498
Author(s):  
J. Lecomte ◽  
A. Boudreault ◽  
V. Pavilanis
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Shell System ◽  
Normal Horse Serum ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of stable variants, nonsensitive to horse serum inhibitors, was achieved by growing influenza A (H3N2) strains, originally sensitive, in the allantois-on-shell system with incorporated normal horse serum. Most of these variants, when compared to their respective parental line, showed a greater eluting activity not related to a greater enzymatic activity. Investigation of the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes from different animal species and the thermostability of the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase did not reveal a complete correlation between these markers and resistance to horse serum inhibitors. When applied to known attenuated strains, also nonsensitive, these same markers could not be linked directly to the attenuation of these viruses for man.

Homoeologous loci control the accumulation of seed glucosinolates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Howell ◽  
A G Sharpe ◽  
D J Lydiate
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Comparative Mapping ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Seed Glucosinolates

The genetic control of seed glucosinolate content in oilseed rape was investigated using two intervarietal backcross populations. Four QTLs segregating in the population derived from a Brassica napus L.'Victor' × Brassica napus L.'Tapidor' cross, together accounting for 76% of the phenotypic variation, were mapped. Three of these loci also appeared to control the accumulation of seed glucosinolates in a Brassica napus L. 'Bienvenu' × 'Tapidor' cross, and accounted for 86% of the phenotypic variation. The three QTLs common to both populations mapped to homoeologous regions of the B. napus genome, suggesting that seed glucosinolate accumulation is controlled by duplicate genes. It was possible to extend the comparative analysis of QTLs controlling seed glucosinolate accumulation by aligning the published genetic maps generated by several research groups. This comparative mapping demonstrated that high-glucosinolate varieties often carry low-glucosinolate alleles at one or more of the loci controlling seed glucosinolate accumulation.Key words: backcross, comparative mapping, genetic linkage map, marker-assisted breeding, QTL.

The influence of spring nitrogen on yield, yield components and glucosinolate content of autumn-sown oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Bilsborrow ◽  
E. J. Evans ◽  
F. J. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

SUMMARYThe response of low glucosinolate, low erucic acid (double low) cultivars of oilseed rape to spring nitrogen application was examined at Cockle Park, Northumberland in three successive seasons (1987–90). Seed yield and protein content increased in response to increasing nitrogen application. In each season over 85% of the maximum recorded yield was obtained with an application of 150 kg N/ha. In the absence of spring nitrogen, seed yield varied considerably over the three seasons. The variation in seed yield and protein content between 1987/88 and 1988/89 can partly be explained by differences in the availability of soil nitrogen in the different seasons. Seed glucosinolate concentration was significantly increased withnitrogen applications between 0 and 150 kg/ha. Increasing nitrogen beyond 150 kg/ha hadlittle or no effect on seed glucosinolate concentration. The results are examined with reference to the varying effects of increasing nitrogen application rates on seed glucosinolate concentrations reported previously.

scholarly journals Biochemical assessment of nutritional status in Indian mustard

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1068-1071
Author(s):  
Nisha Kumari ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Bunty Sharma ◽  
Babita Rani ◽  
Veena Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chelating Activity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Tryptophan Content

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the nutritional potential of five different Indian mustard genotypes. Fatty acid composition was determined in the oil, whereas seed meal was analyzed for limiting amino acids (tryptophan and methionine), protein content, glucosinolate content and antioxidant potential (DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and iron chelating activity). The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found to be maximum in RH 0749 (58.70 %) followed by RH (OE) 0801 (48.91 %), JM 6011 (47.03 %), EC 597328 and EC 597340 (45.77 %). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were observed maximum in EC 597340 (47.45 %).Glucosinolate content ranged from 42.80 (EC 597328) to 79.79 μmole/g defatted seed meal (EC 597340). The methanolic seed meal extract exhibited a concentration dependent elimination of DPPH free radicals. All the five genotypes showed about 50 % inhibition in 3.0 mg of dry seed meal. The highest total antioxidant activity (20.41mg/g) and metal ion chelating activity (32.58 %) was observed in RH 0749. Protein content varied from 33.57 [RH (OE) 0801] to 38.01 % (RH 0749). Maximum methionine and tryptophan content were recorded in RH 0749 (0.99 and 1.01 g/100g protein, respectively). Thus, RH 0749 was observed as a potent variety in terms of total antioxidant activity, metal ion chelating activity, protein content, methionine and tryptophan content.

scholarly journals Soil Sulfur Sources Differentially Enhance Cadmium Tolerance in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal R. Mir ◽  
Bilal A. Rather ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Arif Majid ◽  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Soil Sulfur ◽  
Different Sources

The effect of four soil-applied sulfur [S; 100 mg S kg-1 soil (100S) and 200 mg S kg-1 soil (200S)] in different sources (elemental S, ammonium sulfate, gypsum or magnesium sulfate) in protecting mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) from cadmium effects was studied. Based on the observed reduction in growth and photosynthesis in plants subjected to 100 and 200 mg Cd kg-1 soil, B. juncea cv. Giriraj was selected as the most Cd-tolerant among five cultivars (namely, Giriraj, RH-0749, Pusa Agrani, RH-406, and Pusa Tarak). Sulfur applied to soil mitigated the negative impact of Cd on sulfur assimilation, cell viability and photosynthetic functions, with a lower lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and superoxide anion, O2•−). Generally, added S caused a higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), and contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and increases in the activities of their regenerating enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and GSH reductase), as well as rises in S assimilation, biosynthesis of non-protein thiols (NPTs) and phytochelatins (PCs). Compared to the other S-sources tested, elemental S more prominently protected B. juncea cv. Giriraj against Cd-impacts by minimizing Cd-accumulation and its root-to-shoot translocation; decreasing cellular ROS and membrane damage, and improving Cd-chelation (NPTs and PCs), so strengthening the defense machinery against Cd. The results suggest the use of elemental S for favoring the growth and development of cultivated plants also in Cd-contaminated agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Biochemical attributes of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and rapeseed (B. napus) as influenced by salicylic acid and benzothiadiazole

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 725-728
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Thakur ◽  
B. S. Sohal ◽  
Sanjula Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Glucosinolate Content

A field experiment was conducted during 2011-12 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to assess the effect of foliar application of elicitors viz., salicylic acid (SA) and benzothiadiazole (BTH) on biochemical constituents of Brassica seeds. Seeds of Brassica juncea and B. napus were sown in the field during rabi season. Four different treatments of elicitors along with a fungicide and control were given to 10 week old plants up to four consecutive weeks. After harvesting, the seeds were analyzed for oil, total soluble protein and glucosinolate content. Results indicated that the elicitor treatments increased the oil, total soluble protein and glucosinolate content in seeds of both the Brassica species. In B. juncea, BTH (7 ppm) + SA (17 ppm) showed 12.5% higher oil content than control. In B. napus, the combinations of elicitors viz., BTH (3 ppm) + SA (33 ppm) and BTH (7 ppm) + SA (17 ppm) exhibited 15% increase in oil content compared to control. Treatment containing BTH (3 ppm) + SA (33 ppm) showed 18.72 and 15.86% higher total soluble protein content in B. juncea and B. napus seeds, respectively compared to control. In B. juncea, BTH (3 ppm) + SA (33 ppm) exhibited 7.13% higher glucosinolate content compared to control. In B. napus, BTH (7 ppm) + SA (17 ppm) showed 11.23% higher glucosinolate content than control. In conclusion, the application of elicitors, i.e., SA and BTH could be a useful tool for improving the nutritive value of B. juncea and B. napus seeds.

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