Fostering in sheep: experiences with the use of neatsfoot oil

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Alexander ◽  
D Stevens ◽  
LR Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Acceptance Rates

This paper reports the results of 3 studies on variables associated with the use of neatsfoot oil for substitutive or additive fostering of lambs. In the first study, neatsfoot oil was applied at the rate of 60 mL/kg of liveweight to 3-day-old lambs from Merino and Border Leicester x Merino ewes, and the lambs were exchanged between pairs of ewes of the same breed 3.5, 7 or 24 h later. The proportion of ewes accepting the alien lamb from the other ewe of the pair within 17 h generally increased with the period from application to exchange. Crossbred ewes accepted the foster lambs more readily than did the Merinos. Acceptance rates with batches of neatsfoot oil produced by different methods were similar. We found no advantage in smearing the ewe's nose with neatsfoot oil at the time the oil was applied to the lamb. Additive fostering in 20 ewes that accepted the alien lambs and were left with their own lambs was 95% successful and appeared permanent. In the second study using similar methods, with lambs of 28 crossbred ewes anointed 24 h prior to exchange, no advantage was found in presenting the foster lamb to the ewe at night over presentation during the day. Most foster lambs were accepted within 12 h, and all ewes reaccepted their own lambs after a 13 h absence. The acceptance rate of foster lambs by the crossbred ewes ranged from 70 to 83%. In the third study, 27 Merino ewes whose lambs were anointed with neatsfoot oil 7-40 h after birth, were presented with freshly anointed foster lambs 24 h later. The rate of acceptance of the foster lambs within the next 24 h was 74%,but many ewes required prolonged restraint before reaccepting their own lambs after 5-26 h separation. The results show that most ewes can be induced to accept foster lambs 1-2 days post partum, if their offspring have been liberally coated with neatsfoot oil for 24 h, and then substituted with neatsfoot-treated foster lambs. For additive fostering, the ewes' offspring should be returned within a few hours.

The Breeding Cycle of the Female Humpback Whale, Megaptera nodosa (Bonnaterre)

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Chittleborough
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Humpback Whale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Sex Ratio At Birth ◽  
Modal Length ◽  
The Third ◽  
Normal Period

The gestation period in the humpback whale is of almost 12 months' duration, most conceptions occurring early in August with parturition at the beginning of the following August. The modal length of calves at birth is 14 ft. The sex ratio at birth is 51.4 per cent. males to 48.6 per cent. females. Twin foetuses are occasionally recorded. There is no preference towards either right or left ovary or uterine cornu with regard to ovulation or pregnancy. The breaking of the umbilical cord at birth is described. The histological appearances of the mammary gland during advanced pregnancy and during lactation are described and illustrated. Upon the evidence presented it is concluded that lactation in this species extends over 104 months, suckling generally commencing in mid August and terminating at the end of the following June. The composition of the milk has been determined during various stages of lactation. Oestrous cycles rarely occur during pregnancy, but examples of ovulation following shortly after parturition, while the females are suckling their calves, are cited. It is shown that when the calf is lost at or soon after birth, oestrous cycles usually recommence at once. Where the calf is suckled for the normal period (10½ months) there is no anoestrous period following the end of lactation as oestrous cycles recommence in July, immediately after (occasionally just before) weaning at the end of June. Three types of breeding cycle are shown for the humpback whale. In the most common cycle, absence of the post-partum ovulation, or its occurrence without conception, results in one calf in 2 years. On the other hand, a successful postpartum ovulation results in two calves in 2 years. In the third type of cycle, loss of the first calf at or just after parturition is balanced by a second pregnancy succeeding immediately afterwards. This results in two pregnancies in 2 years with only one calf reared.

scholarly journals The Effects of Age and Number of Grafted Larvae on Some Physical Characteristics of Queen Bees and Acceptance Rate of Queen Bee Cell

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samet Okuyan ◽  
Ethem Akyol
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Thorax Length ◽  
Wing Width ◽  
Queen Bees ◽  
Acceptance Rates

This study was carried out to determine the effects of age and number of grafted larvae on acceptance rates, body weight, body length, head width and length, thorax width and length, and wing width and length of queen bees. One breeding and eleven starter hives were used for rearing queen bees. Totally, 495 one, two, and three-day-old larvae were grafted into starter hives comprising 30, 45, and 60 and 414 larvae were accepted; thus, generally, the acceptance rate was calculated as 83%. The best acceptance rate was calculated in three-day-old larvae group as 85.15%. There were found a statistically significant effect of the number of grafted larvae on body length and head width of queen. However, there were any effects on weight, head length, thorax width, thorax length, wing width, wing length, and acceptance rate of larvae. Age of grafted larvae did not have a statistically significant effect on head width, head length, wing width and acceptance rate of larvae. On the other hand, age of grafted larvae had a statistically significant effect on queen weight, body length, thorax width and length, and wing length of queen. If bee breeders wish to improve their stock, they should graft one-day-old larvae for rearing better queen bees.

The ‘teat order’ of suckling pigs: 3. Relation to competition within litters

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fraser ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
D. K. Ferguson ◽  
R. L. Darroch
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weight Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryPiglets in litters, paired according to farrowing date, were redistributed during the first day after birth according to two schemes. In scheme AC–BD, one sow of the pair received the heaviest and the third heaviest quarters of the combined litters (based on weight post partum), while the other sow received the second heaviest and the lightest quarters. In scheme AB–CD, one sow received the heavier half, and the other the lighter half of the piglets. After 3 weeks under scheme AB–CD, the weight difference between the second and third quarters had become reversed, while under scheme AC–BD the difference was preserved. There was no evidence of a corresponding interaction in the selection of anterior or posterior teats. The rank correlation of the piglets' initial weight and suckling position was low for most sows. No marked differences were observed between fostered and unfostered piglets in the weight measures or suckling position. It is concluded that the growth of the piglets was influenced by the relative size of their litter-mates after redistribution, but that little of the effect could be explained by competition for the anterior teats.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

Avoiding Shame and Guilt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Helping Relationship ◽  
Shame And Guilt

After rejecting the remove–empathy hypothesis (Chapter 4), attention turned to the other two classic egoistic explanations for the motivation to help produced by empathic concern: empathy-specific punishment and empathy-specific reward. This chapter considers two kinds of empathy-specific punishment, shame and guilt. The shame hypothesis claims that we help more when we feel empathic concern because we’re motivated to avoid disapproval and censure from others. The guilt hypothesis says that we’re motivated to avoid self-condemnation for failing to do what we should. Contradicting the shame hypothesis, experiments revealed that even when no one else will know if participants fail to help, empathy still increased helping. Contradicting the guilt hypothesis, participants induced to feel empathy helped more even when provided a good excuse for not helping. Given that neither form of empathy-specific punishment could account for the empathy–helping relationship, our search shifted to the third classic egoistic explanation: pursuing pride.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Part ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The introduction first sets out some preliminary definitions of sex, sexuality, and gender. It then turns from the sexual part of Sexual Identities to the identity part. A great deal of confusion results from failing to distinguish between identity in the sense of a category with which one identifies (categorial identity) and identity in the sense of a set of patterns that characterize one’s cognition, emotion, and behavior (practical identity). The second section gives a brief summary of this difference. The third and fourth sections sketch the relation of the book to social constructionism and queer theory, on the one hand, and evolutionary-cognitive approaches to sex, sexuality, and gender, on the other. The fifth section outlines the value of literature in not only illustrating, but advancing a research program in sex, sexuality, and gender identity. Finally, the introduction provides an overview of the chapters in this volume.

Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third

Maximise your exam success with this essential revision guide. The third edition of Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine features over 550 Single Best Answer questions. Packed with questions written by practicing clinicians and educators, this revision tool is an authoritative guide on core clinical topics and professional themes. Each question is accompanied by extensive feedback which explains not only the rationale of the correct answer, but why the other options are incorrect. Further reading resources and cross-references to the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine have been fully updated to expand your revision further. Progess to exam success with the third edition of Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine.

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