Effect of sowing depth, seed dressings, a press wheel, cultivars and trifluralin on the establishment of barley

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Radford ◽  
GB Wildermuth
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
The Press ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Main Effects

A factorial field experiment was carried out to determine the effects on barley establishment of 3 depths of sowing (45, 65 and 85 mm), 2 fungicide seed dressings (carboxin and triadimefon), a press wheel compared with a chain harrow, 2 cultivars (Prior and Grimmett), and the pre-emergence herbicide trifluralin incorporated prior to sowing. A laboratory experiment was also conducted to determine the effect of the 2 seed dressings on the coleoptile length of Prior and Grimmett at 20�C. The press wheel increased seedling establishment from 74 to 88% at a sowing depth of 45 mm, but from 55 to 89% at 85 mm. Carboxin seed dressing increased coleoptile length by 10-17 mm and triadimefon reduced it by 13-1 8 mm. Carboxin also gave better establishment than triadimefon when seed was sown deep. The cultivar Grimmett had shorter coleoptiles than Prior but slightly faster seedling emergence. The shortstatured cultivars now being bred for lodging resistance may also have short coleoptiles and hence poor establishment from deep sowings. The use of a press wheel improved establishment from a depth of 85 mm on a black earth soil. Incorporation of the herbicide trifluralin in the black earth soil 1 week before sowing did not affect establishment. A general lack of significant interactions meant that the main effects were usually additive, establishment increasing from 38% in the worst treatment (85 mm, triadimefon, chain harrow, Grimmett, no trifluralin) to 98% in the best (65 mm, carboxin, press wheel, Grimmett, trifluralin).

Some Factors Influencing Vision through Meshes

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian R. Hill ◽  
Thomas A. Markus
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
First Order ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Landolt Ring ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Window Screening

The problems associated with vision through mesh window screening materials are discussed and a laboratory experiment using a 1/8th replicate 2th factorial design is described which shows the relative effects on vision of main effects and first-order interactions. Two criteria of visibility were used: a Landolt ring, measuring changes in visual acuity, and paired ratio scaling giving direct magnitude estimates of “ease of seeing” through the material. The laboratory results were validated in a short field experiment in which the effects on visibility of three isolated variables was determined by paired comparisons. Some suggestions for future experiments are also discussed.

Effect of a press wheel and depth of sowing on the establishment of semidwarf and tall wheats

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Radford
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
The Press ◽  
Depth Control ◽  
Optimum Depth ◽  
Better Than

The effects of sowing with a press wheel on the seedling establishment of semidwarf (Banks, Cook, Shortim, 7605) and tall (Gatcher, Spica) wheats at various sowing depths (3.5-13 cm) were studied in factorial experiments in 14 sowings at 7 sites in Queensland. Establishment was generally lower with the semidwarf cultivars. A sowing depth of about 5.5 cm was optimum for wheat establishment when no rain fell between sowing and emergence. However, consistent placement of seed at the optimum depth requires level seedbeds or planting machinery with accurate depth control. Sowing with a press wheel increased the establishment of both semidwarf and tall cultivars at all depths of sowing. Semidwarf cultivars sown using the press wheel gave establishment equal to or better than tall cultivars sown without press wheel pressure. Highest establishment was obtained when tall cultivars were sown using a press wheel. The fitting of press wheels to wheat planters is recommended.

The Fate of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) Seed and Seedlings in Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Lapham ◽  
Donald S. H. Drennan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Changes in dormancy and viability of freshly harvested seed of yellow nutsedge buried in the field, at depths of 5, 25, and 50 mm, were studied over a 2-yr period. The number of dormant, viable seed decreased most rapidly at 5 mm because more seed lost their dormancy and germinated (up to 30%) than at lower depths. Loss of viability through decay of seed appeared similar at all depths. No seedlings emerged from any depth. In a laboratory experiment, conducted in optimal soil moisture conditions, seedlings emerged from all seed that germinated, demonstrating that adequate soil moisture was critical for seedling establishment. This was substantiated in a second field experiment in which irrigation and mulching greatly increased seedling survival. The number of seedlings surviving in irrigated plots was 0.78% of seed sown and 0.03% in the rain-fed plots. The role of seed in the establishment of yellow nutsedge infestations is probably of little importance in dryland cropping areas despite the longevity and viability of the seed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. SILVA ◽  
P. A. MONQUERO ◽  
F. B. SILVA ◽  
N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽  
M. R. MALARDO
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

Studies on some sources of variation in carrot root weight

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Salter ◽  
I. E. Currah ◽  
Jane R. Fellows
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Seedling Size ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Root Size

SUMMARYFive investigations were carried out to determine the magnitude of root-size variation within crops of cv. Chantenay Supreme grown under competitive and non-competitive conditions, and to study possible sources of inter-plant variation.In the first experiment root-size variation from crops grown at a high population density (245 plants/m2) and at a low density (25 plants/m2) were compared over a 21-week period from sowing. The c.v.s of root weight were always higher from the high density than from the low density over the harvesting period from 11 to 21 weeks after sowing, and ranged from 74 to 94% and from 50 to 63%, respectively. A second study showed that even with a very low population density (3 plants/m2) the c.v. of root weight at harvest was 58%. The third study showed that 40% of the root weight variation was accounted for by the time of seedling emergence. The results of a pot experiment indicated that when the size of seed, sowing depth, rooting medium and time of seedling emergence were made as uniform as possible, a very uniform population of roots was produced with a c.v. of root weight of 32%. In the final field experiment when time of seedling emergence, seed size and spatial distribution of the plants were the experimental variables, the results confirmed the importance of variability in time of seedling emergence and seedling size in creating variation at an early stage of growth.The results of these studies indicate that competition per se was not a prime source of variation in root size but magnified any initial variation within the crop at the time of seedling establishment. The importance of this early establishment phase in determining the spread of root-size distribution within a crop is discussed together with the factors which influence the time of seedling emergence and seedling size.

scholarly journals Paco Cepero, una guitarra jerezana

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-135
Author(s):  
David González Fabregat
Keyword(s):  
The Press ◽  
Artistic Life ◽  
A Chain

Con este trabajo ofrecemos una aproximación a la vida y obra del guitarrista jerezano Paco Cepero. Se repasan los eslabones de una cadena de maestros que conducen hasta su figura y que lo sitúan dentro de la escuela jerezana de toque. Asimismo, partiendo de otros trabajos biográficos, de datos recogidos en prensa y en testimonios personales, recorremos su vida artística. Analizamos también la obra discográfica de este prolífico artista, tanto en su faceta como compositor, como en la de acompañante y solista. El trabajo se completa con una interesante entrevista mantenida con el maestro Cepero en fechas recientes. This work is an approach to the life and works of the Spanish guitarist Paco Cepero from Jerez de la Frontera. The links of a chain of flamenco guitar masters that lead to their figure are reviewed, placing him in the Jerez school of flamenco guitar playing. Thus, using as a baseline some existing biographical texts, information gathered from the press and personal testimonies, we traced through his artistic life. We also analyze the discography of this prolific artist, as a composer, accompanist and soloist. This work is completed with an interesting interview with Paco Cepero in recent dates.

scholarly journals EMERGÊNCIA E SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DE SOJA A CAMPO EM RELAÇÃO ÀS PROFUNDIDADES E ÉPOCAS DE SEMEADURA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Patrícia Pereira Dias ◽  
Saulo Fernando Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Arbex Silva ◽  
Tiago Pereira da Silva Correia ◽  
Anderson Ravanny de Andrade Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soil Deposition

A PROFUNDIDADE DE SEMEADURA DA SOJA NA PLANTABILIDADE   PATRÍCIA PEREIRA DIAS1*, SAULO FERNANDO GOMES DE SOUSA2, PAULO ROBERTO ARBEX SILVA3, TIAGO PEREIRA DA SILVA CORREIA4 e ANDERSON RAVANNY DE ANDRADE GOMES5   * Parte do texto foi extraído da tese da autora 1 Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ - Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu - SP, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Agroefetiva, Rua Lourival Ferreira, 11 - Distrito Industrial III, 18608-853, Botucatu - SP, Brasil.  [email protected] 3 Departamento de Engenharia Rural e Socioeconomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ - Av. Universitária, 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu - SP, Brasil.  [email protected] 4 Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa - Campos Universitário Darci Ribeiro ICC – Asa Norte, 04508, Brasília - DF, Brasil. [email protected] 5 Faculdade Regional da Bahia, Rodovia AL 220, 3630 - Senador Arnon De Melo - Planalto, Arapiraca – AL, Brasil. [email protected]   RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a cultura da soja semeada a campo em diferentes profundidades das sementes e épocas de semeadura e, dessa maneira, saber o quanto esses fatores influenciam a emergência e sobrevivência das plantas. O experimento foi conduzido em dois anos agrícolas, 2015/16 e 2016/17, com sementes de soja cultivar 5D634, na Fazenda Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP, Botucatu (SP), Brasil. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 6 × 2, com seis tratamentos referentes às profundidades das sementes na mesma linha de semeadura: 0,02, 0,05 e 0,08 m do nível do solo, e combinação e alternância entre eles: 0,02 e 0,05, 0,02 e 0,08, 0,05 e 0,08 m e duas épocas de semeadura: outubro e novembro, com quatro repetições, totalizando 48 parcelas. Para a análise estatística, os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), utilizando o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A perda foi acima de 10% no estande de plantas na semeadura mais profunda (0,08 m), aliada à menor precipitação (outubro/2016), que contribuiu significativamente para esse resultado. Desta forma, a plantabilidade é prejudicada com o erro da profundidade de semeadura, aqui representada pela emergência e sobrevivência de plantas.   Palavras-chave: Glycine max L., Plantabilidade, Estande de plantas.   THE SOYBEAN SOWING DEPTH IN PLANTABILITY   ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was evaluate the sowing of soybean seed with error in soil deposition and different month of sowing. The field experiment was carried out during two years (2015 and 2016) at Fazenda Lageado, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - UNESP / Botucatu - SP, Brazil. The plots were randomized blocks in 6 × 2 factorial, six treatments referring to the depth of the seeds in soil: 0.02 (T1); 0.05 (T2 - control) and 0.08 (T3); 0.02 and 0.05 (T4); 0.02 and 0.08 (T5); 0.05 and 0.08 m (T6) and two sowing times: October and November. For statistical analysis the data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Tukey test at 5% probability. The number of plants in early stage decreased by over 10% in the deep seeding (0.08 m), added to the less rainfall (October / 2016) which contributed significantly to this result. Therefore, plantability is damaged by the error of sowing depth, represented here by the emergence and survival of plants.   Keywords: Glycine max L., Plantability, Early stage.

Call Me Back: Examining Provider Biases Through Callback Rates and Responsiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 958-986
Author(s):  
Wei-Chin Hwang ◽  
Courtney P. Chan ◽  
Ken A. Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cultural Competency ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Health Maintenance Organization ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Main Effects

We conducted a phone-based field experiment to investigate the callback rate of psychologists. Providers ( N = 903) in Los Angeles, California who were selected from a health maintenance organization insurance panel list were left voicemails by actors simulating patients of various backgrounds (i.e., race, gender, clinical diagnosis, and ethnic distinctiveness of name). Findings indicated that 71.5% of providers did not return calls to prospective patients. There were no main effects of race and ethnicity on callback. However, ethnic distinctiveness of name moderated the effects of diagnosis. Providers were more responsive to depressed patients with ethnic names, but less responsive to patients with ethnic names and personality or substance abuse disorders. These findings are important because unresponsive providers and insurance companies that do not provide up-to-date panel listings can act as barriers to care, which can have deleterious consequences for help-seekers. Advocacy recommendations and the importance of cultural competency are highlighted.

scholarly journals Sowing depth of annual ryegrass seed on different substrates as a vigor test

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204
Author(s):  
Roberto Caetano de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Pedroso ◽  
Vanessa Nogueira Soares ◽  
Lílian Madruga de Tunes ◽  
Géri Eduardo Meneghello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Forage Utilization

Abstract: Annual ryegrass seeds having low physiological quality can lead to the formation of pastures with undesirable plant stands for soil cover and forage utilization pastures. Thus, the objective of this study was proposing a vigor test to classify annual ryegrass seeds. For that, different sowing depths (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 cm) over three substrates (sand, coconut fiber, and carbonized rice husk) were tested to differentiate the physiological quality of four seed lots of annual ryegrass cv. BRS Ponteio having similarities in germination and moisture. The seed lots were classified according to vigor through the field seedling emergence (FSE), 1,000-seeds weight, saturated salt accelerated aging, and germination first count. The 2.5 cm of sand sowing depth and 3.0 cm of coconut fiber sowing depth provided separation of seed lots in similar groups of those reported to FSE test through the seedling emergence and speed of seedling emergence tests.

Critical factors influencing no-till establishment of short-term ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) into a kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sinclair ◽  
P. J. Beale
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Seed Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Mulch Cover ◽  
Tropical Grass

In the subtropical dairy region of Australia, poor establishment of short-term ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) oversown into tropical grass pastures is a common occurrence requiring re-sowing. A survey of subtropical dairy farmers was undertaken to relate management practices used in oversowing ryegrass to sward establishment and subsequent growth. Two glasshouse studies were also conducted to examine (1) the effect of temperature, ploidy, seeding depth, and mulch cover on ryegrass emergence and (2) the effect of temperature and ploidy on growth and development of ryegrass seedlings. Subtropical dairy farmers only used grazing management to control the growth and residue levels of the tropical grass pasture before oversowing. The average residue was 1200 kg DM/ha to a 5 cm height, and where the residue amount and height were higher, the ryegrass failed to establish. Tetraploid cultivars were preferred in early sowings and diploid cultivars were favoured in later sowings. When direct-drilled, either seed type was sown to a depth of 1–3 cm. A 20–30 kg/ha sowing rate was common for diploids and was at least 2× that for tetraploids. A seedling count <600 plants/m2 resulted in 1317 tillers/m2 in spring compared with 1886 tillers/m2 for a count >600 plants/m2. The ryegrass seedling emergence study was conducted at 25/15°C (day 0600–1800 hours)/(night 1800–0600 hours) for 14 days after sowing and then repeated at 20/10°C. The treatment combinations were 2 seed types (tetraploid or diploid) × 4 sowing depths (0, 1, 3, or 6 cm) × 3 mulch heights (1, 5, or 10 cm above surface). The main effects, seed type, sowing depth, and mulch height had significant (P < 0.05) effects on seedling emergence, irrespective of temperature, and all interactions were significant (P < 0.05) with the exception of the seed type × mulch height interaction. At the higher temperature the proportion of emerged seedlings declined from 0.52 to 0.16 with increasing mulch cover, from 0.43 to 0.29 with increasing sowing depth, and was higher for tetraploid than for diploid cultivars (0.44 v. 0.26, respectively). At the lower temperature the proportion of emerged seedlings declined from 0.85 to 0.20 with increasing mulch cover, from 0.62 to 0.39 with increasing sowing depth, and was higher for tetraploid than for diploid cultivars (0.63 v. 0.52, respectively). The ryegrass seedling study used treatment combinations of 3 temperature regimes (25/15°C, 20/10°C, or 15/5°C) × 2 seed types (tetraploid or diploid) × 5 harvest times (3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing). At 8 weeks after sowing tetraploid top DM was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than diploid top DM at low (4100 v. 3040 mg/plant) and medium (5370 v. 2600 mg/plant), but not high (2460 v. 2780 mg/plant) temperatures. Tetraploid tiller and leaf numbers were substantially reduced by high temperature but not for diploid cultivars at 8 weeks. Tetraploid root DM at 8 weeks was highest (2360 mg/plant) and lowest (1200 mg/plant) at medium and low temperatures, respectively, while diploid root DM (mean = 1440 mg/plant) was not affected by temperature. Top growth was most rapid at 6–8 weeks (700–3392 mg/plant) and even more so for root growth (260–1617 mg/plant). These results indicate that when oversowing, ryegrass establishment will be most successful if the ryegrass seed is not sown below 3 cm but, more importantly, if the tropical grass residue is restricted to a 5 cm height. Further, sowing a tetraploid cultivar may be preferable to a diploid cultivar, with its superior emergence and seedling growth over a range of temperatures and sowing conditions.

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