The energy value of whole oats grain in adult wether sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Margan ◽  
NM Graham ◽  
TW Searle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Samples of Cooba and Coolabah oats were chosen on chemical analysis to represent relatively high and low quality grain. Each was evaluated by measuring energy, nitrogen and carbon balances in 4 adult sheep at several levels of feeding and during starvation. The Cooba contained, on a dry matter (DM) basis, 14% crude protein (CP), 23% cell wall constituents (CWC) and 19.1 MJ/kg gross energy (GE); the Coolabah had 10% CP, 31% CWC and 19.6 MJ/kg. With ad libitum feeding, respective DM intakes were 1.4 and 1.8 kg/day (3.3 and 4.4 times maintenance) giving daily retentions of 6.6 and 8.2 MJ and 6.2 and 8.0 g nitrogen. The availabilities of the gross energy of the Cooba at maintenance were 85% digestible energy (DE), 71% metabolisable energy (ME) (13.6 MJ/kg DM), 59% net energy (NE); when assessed as a production supplement, the values were 79,74 and 38% respectively. The results for Coolabah were 76% DE, 68% ME (1 3.3 MJ/ kg), 53% NE (maintenance); 64% DE, 6 1% ME, 36% NE (production supplement). It is apparent from the present and previously published results that the GE and ME/DE values of oats are higher than commonly supposed. Furthermore, although protein and fibre content indicate the relative digestibilities of feeds, they are not a good guide to relative NE values nor to attainable production in terms of either energy or protein.

The food intake and growth of Australian feral cross Angora kids when fed whole grain barley-lupins diets with three levels of roughage intake

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (124) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Basal Ration

Kids six months old and of mean liveweight 22 kg were offered a basal ration of barley and lupins (crude protein 15 .4%) supplemented with three levels of chopped hay (0, 13% of total intake and ad libitum). Supplementation of the basal ration with 13% hay increased total dry matter intake from 479 to 753 g/d (P< 0.001) and liveweight gain from 10 to 54 g/d (P<0 .01). Non-significant increases in total food intake and liveweight gains were achieved by supplementing with ad libitum hay; kids fed ad libitum hay actually consumed 26.9% of their diet as hay. They were then offered various mixtures of barley, oats and lupins with 13% chopped hay at near ad libitum feeding. Differences in intake or growth were not significant at P= 0.05 with kids growing at 74, 65 and 101 g/d for those fed barley, oats and lupins respectively. Results indicate that highest food intake was obtained when 13% chopped hay was added to whole barley grain rations.

scholarly journals Digestibility and net energy prediction of rice by products determined with piglets

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciele Dalise Schirmann ◽  
Leonardo Tombesi da Rocha ◽  
Henrique da Costa Mendes Muniz ◽  
Josué Sebastiany Kunzler ◽  
Micheli Faccin Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition, digestibility, and net energy (NE) of broken rice (BRR), stabilized rice bran (SRB), and parboiled rice bran (PRB) for piglets. Two digestibility trials were performed with 12 and 18 male pigs with initial weights of 8 and 16kg, respectively. We performed total fecal collection using ferric oxide as fecal marker. The digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy were higher (P<0.001) for the BRR compared to the SRB and PRB. The PRB presented a digestible energy 2% lower than that of BR and 5% higher than that of SRB. For BRR, average NE value was 3,228kcal/kg dry matter (DM), and the difference between the lower and higher value was 311kcal/kg DM. Average NE values of SRB and PRB were 2,896 and 3,293kcal/kgDM, respectively. The difference between the energy predicted by each equation reached 190kcal/kgDM for SRB and 285kcal/kgDM for PRB. In conclusion, BRR showed higher nutrient digestibility coefficients, except for EE and GE, which can be attributed to differences in the production processes. Regardless of the type of feedstuff tested, equations to predict NE values should be used carefully due to considerable differences in energy content.

Energy partition, nutritional energy requirements and methane production in F1 Holstein × Gyr bulls, using the respirometric technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
A. L. Ferreira ◽  
A. L. C. C. Borges ◽  
R. C. Mourão ◽  
R. R. Silva ◽  
A. C. A. Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Partition ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

The nutritional energy requirements of animals for maintenance and weight gain, such as the energy partition of the diet, were determined in different feeding plans. Fifteen F1 Holstein × Gyr, non-castrated male bovines with a mean initial liveweight of 302 kg were used. The diets were corn silage and concentrate, formulated to enable gains of 100, 500 and 900 g/day, called low, medium and high weight gains, respectively. Tests of digestibility and metabolism were conducted to determine energy losses through faeces, urine and methane emissions. Heat production was determined using respirometry chamber. Net energy for maintenance was calculated as the antilogarithm of the intercept of the regression of the logarithm of the heat production, as a function of the metabolisable energy intake. Retained energy was obtained by subtracting the heat production from the metabolisable energy intake. With the increased consumption of dry matter, there was an increase in faecal and urinary energy loss. Retained energy increased linearly with the metabolisable energy intake. The net energy for gain in the diet did not differ among the treatments, such as the efficiency of use of metabolisable energy for weight gain kg (0.34). The net energy for maintenance was 312 kJ/kg LW0.75, and the metabolisable energy for maintenance was 523 kJ/kg LW0.75. The daily methane production (g/day) increased with the dry matter level and the daily loss represented 5.31% of the gross energy consumption.

Efficiency of the utilization of the energy of food in laying hens

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gh. Burlacu ◽  
Margareta Baltac
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARYThe efficiency of utilization of the energy of food in White Leghorn laying hens for egg production was measured. A ration with a gross energy of 4469 kcal/kg dry matter and 19·4% crude protein had a metabolizable energy of 80·1±1·7% of the gross energy, and 78·5±5·3% of the metabolizable energy was present as net energy.The maintenance requirement of metabolizable energy of White Leghorn hens weighing 1·723±48·5 kg and a production of 19·3±0–49 eggs per month was 125·8 kcal/kg0·75/24 hr.The energy cost per g of protein and fat synthesized by laying White Leghorn hens was estimated to be 7·20 and 12·13 kcal metabolizable energy respectively.

Energy values of whole lucerne (Medicago sativa) and of its stem and leaf fractions in immature and fully grown sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Margan ◽  
NM Graham ◽  
TW Searle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

Chopped lucerne hay (Medicago sativa) and a stem fraction derived from it were fed to two adult and two immature wethers ad libitum and at a level near maintenance. Energy, nitrogen, and carbon balances were measured during feeding and fasting. The hay contained 17% crude protein and 46% cell wall constituents (dry matter basis) and the stem, which was 53% of the total, contained 10% crude protein and 64% cell wall. Voluntary dry matter consumption rates of the hay (per kg 3/4) were 103 and 145 g/day by the adults and immatures, respectively; the corresponding values for the stem were 73 and 100 g/day. Maximum daily energy balances were 290-3 16 kJ/kg3/4 for the hay and approximately maintenance for the stem. With both ad libitum and restricted feeding, energy digestibility was higher for the hay (56- 63%) than for the stem fraction (45-51%). The metabolizable fraction of digestible energy was 78% at the low and 82% at the high level of feeding and tended to be greater with the stem than with the hay. At the lower feed intake, metabolizable energy was about 10 and 8 MJ/kg organic matter for whole lucerne and stem respectively. Net availability of metabolizable energy was 64 and 49% for maintenance and gain on the hay, compared with 53 and 34% on the stem. As estimated by difference, the energy values of leaf were: digestible energy, 76%; metabolizable energy, 77% of digestible energy or 12.4 MJ/kg organic matter; net availability of metabolizable energy, 78% for maintenance and 60% for gain. All these figures are for the adult sheep; the immature animals gave values that were lower to various degrees. Consideration of the present results together with published data for other samples of lucerne suggests that the use of equations based on study of grasses to predict the energy values of lucerne is likely to introduce significant bias. Equations for this limited set of data on lucerne are given, gross energy being related to crude protein content, metabolizable energy to crude fibre and net availability of metabolizable energy to metabolizable energy content.

HIGH-ROUGHAGE RATIONS WITH OR WITHOUT MONENSIN FOR VEAL PRODUCTION. II. RATION DIGESTIBILITY

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. POMAR ◽  
J. F. BERNIER ◽  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
L. LATRILLE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ad Libitum

Thirty-six calves 19–20 wk old (149 ± 17 kg) and forty-eight rams (46 ± 4 kg) were used in two experiments to study the effects of two ground roughages (alfalfa and timothy), their proportion in pelleted rations (20, 40 and 60%) and addition of monensin (0 and 33 ppm) on ration digestibility. Calves and rams were fed the test rations ad libitum for a period of 8 and 5 wk, respectively, before the digestibility trial. Dry matter (DM) digestibility in both species and energy digestibility in calves were significantly higher for the rations containing alfalfa than for those containing timothy; however, digestibility of crude protein (CP) in both animal species and of cell walls (NDF) in calves was lower in alfalfa rations. The two trials revealed an increase in digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and of cell wall (NDF) fractions but a reduction in DM digestibility when the roughage content in the rations increased; the reduction in DM digestibility was larger with timothy than with alfalfa. Addition of monensin did not affect digestion coefficients of DM, ADF and NDF in calves and rams on average. However, a monensin × roughage level interaction indicated a decrease of ADF and NDF digestibility in calves fed 20% roughage and an increase of ADF and NDF digestibility in calves fed 60% roughage. Key words: Alfalfa, timothy roughage level, monensin, calf, sheep

Supplementation of grazing dairy cows with a brewers grains/treated straw mixture

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 46-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Leaver ◽  
R.C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Similar Cost ◽  
Friesian Cows

Supplementary feeding of grazing dairy cows is often uneconomic, and whilst supplementation with silage (buffer feeding) can be worthwhile, this often leads to a depletion of winter forage stores. In this study, a mixture of brewers grains and treated straw was used as a supplement. Offered as a 1:1 mixture in the dry matter (DM), it is a purchased substitute for grass silage, having a similar cost, and similar metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) contents. The high seasonality adjustments to milk price in mid-late season make supplementation potentially worthwhile.Experiments were carried out from April to September in 1988 and 1989, which had moderate and very low rainfall respectively. Each year 20 British Friesian cows which calved December to March (1988 experiment) and February-April (1989) were allocated at random to either treatment B or C. In B, the cows were offered a 1:1 mixture (DM basis) of brewers grains and NaOH treated chopped barley straw for 60 minutes after morning milking. In C, the cows received no supplement. Both groups were fed 1.0 kg/day of concentrates in the milking parlour. Due to the severe drought in 1989, concentrate feeding was increased to 5.0 kg/day for all cows during the last 4 weeks of the experiment. Also, urea-treated whole crop wheat was fed at a level of 2.5 kg DM/day during the last 7 days.

Digestible cell wall and undigested cellular contents of two grasses of low net energy value for growing cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Moir
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Net Energy Value ◽  
Range Of Values

SUMMARYIn two grasses of low net energy value for growth and fattening of cattle, digestible cell-wall values were close to 40% of forage organic matter (OM), similar to the expected value for grass. A value of 14% of forage OM for apparently undigested cellular contents in both grasses was just outside the range of values for grass. The data supported previous evidence that total cell wall is the only value that can be used at present to define grass in terms of its digestible dry matter.

scholarly journals NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH AND DRIED MARROW-STEM KALE HARVESTED AT TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
E. DONEFER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Three yearling Cheviot × Suffolk ewes and three Columbia wethers were confined in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum fresh and dried marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C.) harvested in mid- and late October. Chemical analyses of the forages indicated no marked effects on any of the plant constituents due to drying or advancing maturity. Digestibility measurements demonstrated that marrow-stem kale (MSK) was a highly digestible material with an average dry matter digestibility of 78%. The fresh forages had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter and gross energy digestibility values than the dried form. Dry matter digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for late October as compared with the earlier harvest. A trend toward higher (P > 0.05) voluntary intake values due to drying maturity was observed with an average relative intake of 80%. The nutritive value index averaged 65, thus indicating a digestible energy intake similar to a high-quality (legume) forage.

scholarly journals Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PERTTILÄ ◽  
J. VALAJA ◽  
T. JALAVA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

Using ileal digestible amino acids in feed optimising will intensify feed protein utilizing and decrease nitrogen excretion to the environment. The study determined the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficients of amino acids in barley, wheat, oats, triticale, maize, and dehulled oats in the diets of 180 Ross broiler chickens (aged 24–35 days). The birds were fed semi-purified diets that contained grain as the sole protein source and chromium-mordanted straw as an indigestible marker. The AID coefficients of the nutrients were assessed using the slaughter technique, and the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) was determined using total excreta collection. The ileal digestibility of the dry matter and organic matter were the highest in maize. The AME of maize was higher than that of other cereals. The ileal digestibility of crude protein was higher in wheat than that in barley, oats and dehulled oats. The AME of wheat was similar to that of barley and oats but lower than that of triticale and dehulled oats. The amino acid AID was highest in wheat (0.86) and triticale (0.85) and lowest in oats (0.79) and barley 0.77). The average amino acid AID was 0.81 in dehulled oats. The threonine AID was the same in all tested ingredients. The lysine, methionine, and cystine AID coefficients were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71 respectively for barley; 0.86, 0.84, and 0.38 respectively for oats; 0.87, 0.86, and 0.53 respectively for dehulled oats; 0.84, 0.90, and 0.66 respectively for maize; 0.89, 0.88, and 0.77 respectively for triticale; and 0.87, 0.85, and 0.71 respectively for wheat. Results indicated that AME –values of domestic grains (barley, oats and wheat) are in the same level. Especially, low AME value of wheat needs further investigation.;

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