The food intake and growth of Australian feral cross Angora kids when fed whole grain barley-lupins diets with three levels of roughage intake

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (124) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Basal Ration

Kids six months old and of mean liveweight 22 kg were offered a basal ration of barley and lupins (crude protein 15 .4%) supplemented with three levels of chopped hay (0, 13% of total intake and ad libitum). Supplementation of the basal ration with 13% hay increased total dry matter intake from 479 to 753 g/d (P< 0.001) and liveweight gain from 10 to 54 g/d (P<0 .01). Non-significant increases in total food intake and liveweight gains were achieved by supplementing with ad libitum hay; kids fed ad libitum hay actually consumed 26.9% of their diet as hay. They were then offered various mixtures of barley, oats and lupins with 13% chopped hay at near ad libitum feeding. Differences in intake or growth were not significant at P= 0.05 with kids growing at 74, 65 and 101 g/d for those fed barley, oats and lupins respectively. Results indicate that highest food intake was obtained when 13% chopped hay was added to whole barley grain rations.

scholarly journals Water consumption by rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) stags as influenced by different types of food

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Yape Kii ◽  
G. McL. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractDuring winter in southern Queensland, eight rusa deer stags aged 4 years were given ad libitum lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay and confined in individual metabolism pens for 26 days. Stags ate 2·04 kg dry matter (DM) per day and drank 6·4 kg water per day, while the drinking water: food DM ratio was 3·3 l/kg. In experiment 2, seven rusa stags were given ad libitum lucerne hay or oaten (Avena spp.) hay with or without barley grain supplementation (200 g/day) for 56 days (four periods). This experiment was conducted from 26 July to 19 September 2001, when the stags were exhibiting the behaviour characteristic of the rut. Rusa stags ate 1·19 and 1·17 kg DM per day of lucerne and oaten hay respectively. Rusa stags given oaten hay drank slightly more water than those that received lucerne hay (5·34 and 4·47 kg/day, respectively). The drinking water: food DM ratios were 3·81 and 4·67 kg/kg for lucerne and oaten hay, respectively. Barley grain supplementation (200 g/day) had no influence on total food or water intakes of the rusa stags.

GROWTH AND DIGESTIBILITY STUDIES WITH GROWING–FINISHING PIGS RECEIVING WHOLE BARLEY OR GROUND BARLEY BY VARIOUS FEEDING METHODS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. BEAMES ◽  
T. N. NGWIRA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Growth Trial

Two growth trials and one digestibility trial with growing–finishing pigs are reported. In each growth trial, three groups of six barrows and three groups of six gilts were placed on each of the four dietary treatments of barley plus 15% soybean meal from approx. 23 kg body weight to approx. 84 kg body weight. The four treatments consisted of providing barley whole or ground, with the concentrates either mixed with the barley or supplied 6 h after the meal of barley. The feed allowance was slightly greater in the second trial than in the first. In the digestibility trial there were two sources of barley, each presented in three forms: whole, rehydrated acid-preserved whole, and ground, all mixed with the concentrates. Each diet was supplied at a restricted level or ad libitum to barrows at 28.9 kg and 57.0 kg mean body weight. In neither growth trial was there a significant effect of method of providing the ground barley on performance. With whole barley, feed efficiency was significantly inferior to that obtained with ground barley, being 20–37% lower when whole grain and concentrates were mixed, but only 5–16% lower when the whole grain and concentrates were provided separately. The digestibility trial indicated no differences between the two forms of whole grain, but a superior utilization of the ground grain. Dry matter digestibility of both forms of whole grain was significantly greater in the younger pigs than in the older pigs, increasing from 63.0 to 71.1% for the whole grain, and from 62.3 to 73.2% for the rehydrated acid-preserved whole grain. Dry matter digestibility of ground grain averaged 77.6% and was not affected by age of pig, but was significantly reduced by ad libitum feeding.

scholarly journals Round baled grass silage as food for reindeer in winter

Rangifer ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tove H. Aagnes ◽  
Svein D. Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum

Round baled silage of mixed grasses was tested as emergency food for reindeer in winter. The silage was made of leaf rich regrowth of Phleum pratense, Agrostis tenuis and Poa spp. It contained 33-3% dry matter (DM), and 14.8 % crude protein, 24.5% cellulose and 26.7% hemicellulose on a DM basis. Palatability, food intake, digestion, rumen fermentation, body mass (BM), carcass weight and gastrointestinal (GI) anatomy were investigated. A group of adult female reindeer (n = 38), were taken from natural winter pasture and fed grass silage ad libitum. The majority (78%) of the animals were eating silage after two days and 95% of the animals ate silage after five days. Five reindeer calves were taken from natural winter pasture and fed lichens ad libitum for 14 days after which they were starved for two days before being offered silage adlibitum. The median daily DM food intake was 370 g (range 250-610 g) on the first day increasing to 810 g (range 530-1100 g) at days 16 to 20. Median apparent digestibility coefficient (DC) of DM was 64.3% (range 62.4-66.2%). The median in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) of the silage after 72 h of microbial digestion was 68.3 % (range 66.6-71.3 %) (Ws=30, n,=5, n2=4, P&lt;0.01). Median ruminal VFA concentration and pH were 48.2 mM (range 38.4-52.5 mM) and 7.0 (range 6.95-7.17), respectively, in the reindeer calves (n=5). BM initially increased when the reindeer calves were fed silage, but stabilised after 11 days. The increased BM may have been due to an increased recticulo-rumen digesta load, which amounted to 19.6-23.7 % of BM (n=3). The carcass weight of the reindeer calves was 42.6-44.2% of the BM (n=3) after 47 days of silage feeding. The results indicate that although the round bale silage of mixed grasses of medium quality was highly palatable to reindeer it was apparantly of only limited value as an emergency food for the reindeer calves, as indicated by low DC of DM and low ruminal VFA concentration.

The energy value of whole oats grain in adult wether sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Margan ◽  
NM Graham ◽  
TW Searle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Samples of Cooba and Coolabah oats were chosen on chemical analysis to represent relatively high and low quality grain. Each was evaluated by measuring energy, nitrogen and carbon balances in 4 adult sheep at several levels of feeding and during starvation. The Cooba contained, on a dry matter (DM) basis, 14% crude protein (CP), 23% cell wall constituents (CWC) and 19.1 MJ/kg gross energy (GE); the Coolabah had 10% CP, 31% CWC and 19.6 MJ/kg. With ad libitum feeding, respective DM intakes were 1.4 and 1.8 kg/day (3.3 and 4.4 times maintenance) giving daily retentions of 6.6 and 8.2 MJ and 6.2 and 8.0 g nitrogen. The availabilities of the gross energy of the Cooba at maintenance were 85% digestible energy (DE), 71% metabolisable energy (ME) (13.6 MJ/kg DM), 59% net energy (NE); when assessed as a production supplement, the values were 79,74 and 38% respectively. The results for Coolabah were 76% DE, 68% ME (1 3.3 MJ/ kg), 53% NE (maintenance); 64% DE, 6 1% ME, 36% NE (production supplement). It is apparent from the present and previously published results that the GE and ME/DE values of oats are higher than commonly supposed. Furthermore, although protein and fibre content indicate the relative digestibilities of feeds, they are not a good guide to relative NE values nor to attainable production in terms of either energy or protein.

Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Total Food Intake at a Personalised Buffet in People with Obesity, before and 24 Months after Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass Surgery

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3873
Author(s):  
Natasha Kapoor ◽  
Werd al Najim ◽  
Camilo Menezes ◽  
Ruth K Price ◽  
Colm O’Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Operative Assessment

Long-term reductions in the quantity of food consumed, and a shift in intake away from energy dense foods have both been implicated in the potent bariatric effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We hypothesised that relative to pre-operative assessment, a stereotypical shift to lower intake would be observed at a personalised ad libitum buffet meal 24 months after RYGB, driven in part by decreased selection of high energy density items. At pre-operative baseline, participants (n = 14) rated their preference for 72 individual food items, each of these mapping to one of six categories encompassing high and low-fat choices in combination with sugar, complex carbohydrate or and protein. An 18-item buffet meal was created for each participant based on expressed preferences. Overall energy intake was reduced on average by 60% at the 24-month buffet meal. Reductions in intake were seen across all six food categories. Decreases in the overall intake of all individual macronutrient groups were marked and were generally proportional to reductions in total caloric intake. Patterns of preference and intake, both at baseline and at follow-up appear more idiosyncratic than has been previously suggested by verbal reporting. The data emphasise the consistency with which reductions in ad libitum food intake occur as a sequel of RYGB, this being maintained in the setting of a self-selected ad libitum buffet meal. Exploratory analysis of the data also supports prior reports of a possible relative increase in the proportional intake of protein after RYGB.

Influence of the subfornical organ on meal-associated drinking in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. R669-R677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Starbuck ◽  
Douglas A. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Subfornical Organ ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

A lesion of the subfornical organ (SFO) may disrupt drinking after a meal of dry chow as it does drinking after intragastric administration of hypertonic saline. Food and water intakes of SFO-lesioned (SFOX) and sham-lesioned rats were measured during 90-min tests following various lengths of food deprivation. During the tests, all rats began eating before they began drinking. After 20–24 h of food deprivation, latency to begin drinking after eating had started was longer for SFOX than for sham-lesioned rats. Plasma osmolality was elevated by 2–3% in both lesion groups at 12 min, the latency for sham-lesioned rats to drink, but SFOX rats nevertheless continued eating and delayed drinking. Eating after shorter 4-h food deprivations and ad libitum feeding produced more variable drinking latencies and less consistent effects of SFO lesion. During 24 h of water deprivation, SFO lesion had no effect on the suppression of food intake and did not affect food or water intakes during the first 2 h of subsequent rehydration. These findings indicate that the SFO is involved in initiating water intake during eating and in determining drinking patterns and the amount of water ingested during a meal.

Effect of adrenalectomy and corticosterone replacement on meal patterns of Zucker rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (5) ◽  
pp. R584-R594 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Freedman ◽  
T. W. Castonguay ◽  
J. S. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Total Food

Male obese and lean Zucker rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham-operated at 10 wk of age. Approximately 16 wk later, patterns of food intake were monitored by computer-interfaced top loading balances. Data were collected from ADX rats before, during, and after access to a corticosterone-supplemented saline solution (20 micrograms/ml). Although total food intake during the precorticosterone treatment period was not different between ADX and sham controls, ADX resulted in attenuation of light cycle food intake, primarily via decreased meal frequency. With steroid replacement, light cycle meal frequency and food intake increased. Despite comparable self-administered dose (20.33 +/- 0.89 vs. 17.05 +/- 1.2 mg corticosterone/period, obese vs. lean), obese ADX rats were more responsive to steroid than were lean ADX rats. This increased responsiveness was reflected by a 30% increase in food intake and 60% increase in body weight gain of obese ADX rats during replacement. Lean ADX rats exhibited no change in total food intake or weight gain with replacement. Further, during corticosterone treatment, obese ADX rats increased meal frequency, total food intake, and consumption of large meals (greater than or equal to 4 g) during the dark cycle. Significant postprandial correlations were found only in obese ADX rats, both with and without replacement during the dark cycle. These results suggest adrenal glucocorticoids have a minimal effect on food intake and meal patterns in lean Zucker rats but significantly alter intake and meal patterns in obese rats.

scholarly journals Effect of restricted feeding in the far-off period on performance and metabolic status of dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Nowak ◽  
Robert Mikuła ◽  
Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek ◽  
Barbara Stefańska ◽  
Paweł Maćkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
System Recommendation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate experimentally the effects of restricted or ad libitum feeding in the far-off period on performance of dairy cows. Two groups of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows having 19 animals in each group were allotted to two planes of nutrition in the far-off period from -56 to -22 days. The ADLIB group was fed ad libitum (DMI 12.9 kg) while in the RES group the dry matter intake was restricted by 3 kg DM compared to the average dry matter during the last 7 days in the ADLIB group. Average daily energy intake decreased from 8.90 UFL in the ADLIB to 6.83 UFL in the RES group. In the close-up period and after parturition, the cows of both groups were given the same diet. In restrictively fed cows, there was a tendency to a greater decrease in BCS during both the dry period (P=0.09) and lactation (P=0.07). After parturition milk production, fertility indices and blood concentration of IGF-1, insulin and glucose were not significantly affected by the far-off treatment. In the RES group, lower BHBA 3 days before calving and on day 5 of lactation and lower NEFA on day 28 of lactation were recorded. Also in this group higher levels of glucose 3 days before calving, triiodothyronine (T3) on days -30 and 5, and thyroxine (T4) on days -3 and 28 were observed. It is concluded that restricted feeding in the far-off period positively affected blood indicators of lipomobilization during the transition period, but had little effect on performance of lactating cows. In spite of low energy, high-fibre diet offered ad libitum in the faroff period resulted in the energy overfeeding compared to the INRA system recommendation.

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