Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection and phomopsin A content of lupin seed in Western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Wood ◽  
DS Petterson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Previous Survey ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis

A survey of Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection of lupin seed in Western Australia was carried out in 1982 and 1983. Of the samples surveyed 39% were uninfected and 16.6% had >4% infection. These values differ significantly from a previous survey between 1976 and 1981 (49 and 8.4% respectively). There was a highly significant correlation (P <0.002) between the amount of discoloured seed and P. leptostromiformis infection. Results of toxicity tests for the mycotoxin phomopsin A, assessing hepatic injury in nursling rats, strongly implicate discoloured seeds as being the most toxic. Discoloured seed had more toxin in the seed hulls than in the kernal.

Bioassay of the contamination of lupin seed by the mycotoxin phomopsin

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Petterson ◽  
JE Peterson ◽  
LW Smith ◽  
PM Wood ◽  
CCJ Culvenor
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Good Agreement

Samples of seed from commercial crops of Lupinus spp. in three States were tested for the presence of phomopsin, the causative agent of lupinosis. Each of 43 samples was tested in one of two laboratories using a nursling rat bioassay, and 12 of these were tested in both. Factors that could affect reproducibility of the assay were examined. There was good agreement in assessments of toxicity between laboratories. The efficiency of extraction was found to vary from about 15% at low concentrations of phomopsin to no more than 60%. Phomopsin was detected in 17 of the 43 samples, at levels ranging from < 6 �g/kg to 360 �g/kg. Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection was detected in 25 of 31 samples of seed from Western Australia, the highest infection level being 18%. The highest levels of phomopsin were found in samples with more than 8% infection.

A survey of Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection of lupin seed in Western Australia: 1976-81

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Wood ◽  
DS Petterson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Australian Journal ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis

Samples of seed from commercial crops of Lupinus spp. in Western Australia were tested over a 6-year period (1976-8 1) for levels of infection by Phomopsis leptostromiformis. Of the 584 samples tested, 49% were not infected and a further 43% had <4% infection. Overall the levels of infection were higher than those previously recorded in this State. There was a highly significant effect of rainfall zone (P<0.001) on infection level. After accounting for this, there was no significant effect of cultivar, year, or growing zone. The method used was compared with that of Ali et al. (Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 1982, 22, 190-3). No significant differences between the two methods in assessment of lupin seed were observed.

A standard technique for detecting seed transmitted Phomopsis leptostromiformis of lupins and for testing commercial seed in South Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
J Paterson ◽  
J Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Agar Media

A standard agar plate method was tested for its ability to detect Phomopsis leptostromiformis on lupin seed. It proved to be reliable. The 95% confidence intervals of Phomopsis level of five seed samples were 13.2-1 5.8, 13.2-1 5.5, 15.4-1 7.9, 13.2-1 4.8 and 15.6-1 8.0. The characteristic colony produced by Phomopsis infected seeds on agar media was confirmed by microscopic examination for accuracy of detection and no exception was observed. The method is described in detail. The method was then used in a two year survey of 160 samples of commercial lupin seed from all parts of South Australia. The percentage of seed infected in these samples ranged from 0-20% and only 13% of the samples were free of P. leptostromiformis.

Resistance to Phomopsis stem and pod blight of narrow-leafed lupin in a range of environments and its association with reduced Phomopsis seed infection.

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
WA Cowling ◽  
PM Wood
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Resistance to Phomopsis stem and pod blight, caused by Phomopsis leptostromiformis (Knhn) Bubak, in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was consistently expressed at 5 sites in the southwest of Western Australia and 5 sites in south-eastern Australia in 1984. There was a high correlation (r = 0.95, P< 0.001) of mean Phomopsis stem ratings on the 8 breeding lines and 2 cultivars between the 2 regions of southern Australia. The mean frequency of seed infection by P. leptostromiformis in 6 resistant lines in Western Australia ranged from 0.1 to 1.0% compared with 1.4% in 75A65-5 (a line with intermediate resistance) and 2.0% in Yandee and Chittick (susceptible cultivars). In south-eastern Australia, mean seed infection in 6 resistant lines ranged from 0.0-0.6% compared with 2.3% in 75A65-5, 1.6% in Yandee, and 1.1% in Chittick. There was also a correlation (r = 0.73, P < 0.05) of mean seed infection levels in the 8 lines and 2 cultivars between the regions. Pod blight occurred at significantly lower frequency in resistant lines than in susceptible cultivars at 3 sites in Western Australia where pod lesions were visible. Correlations among Phomopsis stem ratings, pod blight severity, and the frequency of seed infection among lines and cultivars were significantly positive in all comparisons at individual sites and when averaged across the 2 regions of southern Australia.

Reproductive performance of Merino ewes supplemented with sweet lupin seed in southern Western Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Croker ◽  
MA Johns ◽  
TJ Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Potential Use

The effect of supplementation of mature Merino ewes, with 250 g of sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seed/head.day from 14 days before joining until day 17 of joining, on flock prolificacy was evaluated under commercial farming conditions over 3 years in a series of 50 trials involving 22 800 ewes. Responses to supplementation, in terms of lambs born, ranged from - 14 to + 2 1 %. Increasing the rate of supplementation to 500 g/head.day did not overcome the problem of the variable response. The present inability to select responsive situations limits the potential use of supplementation with lupins to increase the reproductive performance of Merino ewe flocks.

Control of ovine lupinosis: use of a resistant cultivar of Lupinus albus - cv. Ultra

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (104) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Wood ◽  
JG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Marked Resistance

Lupin cultivars at four sites were assessed for their susceptibility to Phomopsis leptostromiformis, the causal fungus of ovine lupinosis. Toxicity levels were also monitored. Lupinus albus cv. Ultra showed marked resistance compared with cultivars of L. angustifolius and L. cosentinii at three sites. Toxicity tests showed low levels of toxicity in Ultra and high levels in the L. angustifolius and L. cosentinii cultivars. At the other site, both P. leptostromiformis infection and toxicity were low, regardless of the lupin cultivar used.

Phomopsins: an overview of phytopathological and chemical aspects, toxicity, analysis and occurrence

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Battilani ◽  
A. Gualla ◽  
C. Dall'Asta ◽  
C. Pellacani ◽  
G. Galaverna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Data ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Chromatographic Separations ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Lupin Seeds ◽  
Toxicity Analysis ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Specific Project

Phomopsis leptostromiformis, and its teleomorph Diaporthe toxica, is a lupin pathogen that causes stem blight in young lupins and, as a saprophyte, has been detected on dead lupine material. Under favourable conditions, the fungus produces phomopsins (PHOs), a family of macrocyclic hexapeptide mycotoxins capable of binding tubulin through the tripeptide side chain. The toxic effects appear largely confined to the liver. In particular, the ingestion of PHO contaminated lupin stubble has been linked to lupinosis, a debilitating disease of sheep (the most sensitive animal) characterised by disorientation, blindness, lethargy, and eventually death. The chemical structures of PHO A, B and D have been identified. Analytical methods to determine PHOs are mainly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or chromatographic separations, in combination with ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection. The data about the PHOs occurrence are limited to Australia, restricted to lupin seed. Only one survey has been carried out on lupin seeds and flours from the Swiss market. Not many strategies have been developed to limit lupin seed contamination. Efforts devoted to control lupinosis in Australia focused on the development of cultivars resistant to Phomopsis infection. There are few examples in literature of decontamination or detoxification of PHOs; moreover, they have been shown to be resistant to extensive processing, including cooking. Australia and New Zealand are the only countries that included PHOs in their mycotoxin regulations, with a limit of 5 µg/kg in lupin seeds and derived products. Phomopsins are poorly studied mycotoxins and risk assessment on PHOs has not been done at the European level. The collection of all available scientific data was requested by EFSA in a specific project and partners involved considered it of general interest preparing this review to highlight the limited available information, which indicate that the assessment of potential risk related to PHOs is currently not feasible.

Increasing phosphorus concentration in lupin seed increases grain yield on phosphorus deficient soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
BH Paynter ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
The Difference

In a field experiment on a phosphorus (P) deficient soil in south-western Australia, lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Danja) of the same size (157 mg/seed) but with 2 different phosphorus (P) concentrations in the seed (2.0 and 2.8 g P/kg) was sown with 4 levels of superphosphate (5, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha) drilled with the seed in May 1988 to examine the effect of seed P concentration on subsequent dry matter (DM) and grain yields. Increasing the amount of superphosphate applied from 5 to 60 kg P/ha almost doubled yields. In addition, lupins grown from seed containing the higher P concentration produced larger yields of dried whole tops in early August (69-day-old) for all levels of superphosphate drilled with the seed, the difference decreasing from about 45 to 10% as the level of superphosphate increased from 5 to 60 kg P/ha. By maturity (mid- November), however, plants grown from seed containing the higher P concentration in seed produced higher DM yields of tops and grain only when 5 and 20 kg P/ha superphosphate was drilled with the seed, the differences being about 40 and 20%, respectively.

Reproductive performance of ewes fed sweet narrow-leafed lupin seed infected with Phomopsis leptostromiformis

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
KP Croker ◽  
MA Johns
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Infected Seed ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
High Level

An experiment was designed to examine the reproductive performance of Merino ewes fed sweet narrow-leafed lupin seed infected with Phomopsis leptostromiformis and containing small quantities of the toxin phomopsin. Two groups of mature ewes were supplemented with lupin seed with either a low (2%) or a high (21%) level of Phomopsis infection at a rate equivalent to 500 g/sheep.day for a period from 14 days before the start of joining until day 17 of joining. A third group received no supplement. The percentages of lambing ewes with multiple births were marginally increased (P<0.10) in the supplemented ewes (14.3, 27.5 and 26.2% for the unsupplemented and the 2 and 21% Phomopsis infected seed groups, respectively) while the percentages of lambs born were 99.0, 93.6 and 112.8% for the unsupplemented and the 2 and 21 % Phomopsis-infected seed groups, respectively. Supplementation of ewes with lupin seed containing a relatively high level of Phomopsis (21%), but a low quantity of phomopsin, did not depress reproductive performance.

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