Reproductive performance of Merino ewes supplemented with sweet lupin seed in southern Western Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
KP Croker ◽  
MA Johns ◽  
TJ Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Potential Use

The effect of supplementation of mature Merino ewes, with 250 g of sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seed/head.day from 14 days before joining until day 17 of joining, on flock prolificacy was evaluated under commercial farming conditions over 3 years in a series of 50 trials involving 22 800 ewes. Responses to supplementation, in terms of lambs born, ranged from - 14 to + 2 1 %. Increasing the rate of supplementation to 500 g/head.day did not overcome the problem of the variable response. The present inability to select responsive situations limits the potential use of supplementation with lupins to increase the reproductive performance of Merino ewe flocks.

Studies in ovine infertility in agricultural regions in Western Australia: the influence of a supplement of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniwhite) at joining on the reproductive performance of ewes

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
TW Knight ◽  
CM Oldham ◽  
DR Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Agricultural Regions

The dietary supplementation of groups of 200 ewes with lupins (0.23 or 0.45 kg per head per day) just prior to and during joining increased the ovulation rate by 8–25 ovulations per 100 ewes and the number of lambs born increased by 5–23 lambs per 100 ewes joined. The increase in the number of lambs born had two components: (i) an increase in number of ewes lambing and (ii) an increase in the number of twin births. Another study suggested that feeding the lupin supplement during joining gave larger increases in the reproductive performance of the ewes, especially in number of ewes lambing, than feeding the supplement of lupins before joining. The increases in reproductive performance following lupin supplementation were not associated with differences or changes in body weight or with differences in the rate of wool growth. The feeding of a barley + urea + mineral supplement that provided 25% more digestible energy than the lupin supplement and similar nitrogen levels, but with 50% of the nitrogen in the form of urea, resulted in no increase in the reproductive performance of the ewes.

Increasing phosphorus concentration in lupin seed increases grain yield on phosphorus deficient soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
BH Paynter ◽  
MJ Baker
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
The Difference

In a field experiment on a phosphorus (P) deficient soil in south-western Australia, lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Danja) of the same size (157 mg/seed) but with 2 different phosphorus (P) concentrations in the seed (2.0 and 2.8 g P/kg) was sown with 4 levels of superphosphate (5, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha) drilled with the seed in May 1988 to examine the effect of seed P concentration on subsequent dry matter (DM) and grain yields. Increasing the amount of superphosphate applied from 5 to 60 kg P/ha almost doubled yields. In addition, lupins grown from seed containing the higher P concentration produced larger yields of dried whole tops in early August (69-day-old) for all levels of superphosphate drilled with the seed, the difference decreasing from about 45 to 10% as the level of superphosphate increased from 5 to 60 kg P/ha. By maturity (mid- November), however, plants grown from seed containing the higher P concentration in seed produced higher DM yields of tops and grain only when 5 and 20 kg P/ha superphosphate was drilled with the seed, the differences being about 40 and 20%, respectively.

Bioassay of the contamination of lupin seed by the mycotoxin phomopsin

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Petterson ◽  
JE Peterson ◽  
LW Smith ◽  
PM Wood ◽  
CCJ Culvenor
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Good Agreement

Samples of seed from commercial crops of Lupinus spp. in three States were tested for the presence of phomopsin, the causative agent of lupinosis. Each of 43 samples was tested in one of two laboratories using a nursling rat bioassay, and 12 of these were tested in both. Factors that could affect reproducibility of the assay were examined. There was good agreement in assessments of toxicity between laboratories. The efficiency of extraction was found to vary from about 15% at low concentrations of phomopsin to no more than 60%. Phomopsin was detected in 17 of the 43 samples, at levels ranging from < 6 �g/kg to 360 �g/kg. Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection was detected in 25 of 31 samples of seed from Western Australia, the highest infection level being 18%. The highest levels of phomopsin were found in samples with more than 8% infection.

Bait consumption by, and 1080-based control of, feral pigs in the Mediterranean climatic region of south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim Lowe ◽  
Gary Martin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Poison Baiting ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
Minimal Evidence

The consumption of five non-toxic, grain-based baits, and the effectiveness of the preferred baits when treated with 1080 in reducing pig numbers, were determined for feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in several areas in the Mediterranean agricultural region of Western Australia. Fermented wheat with added blood and bone proved an effective attractant for feral pigs, and for determining areas of pig activity. Wheat and malted barley were the preferred baits, there was a variable response to lupins, and commercial pig pellets were consumed least. Malted barley, barley, and wheat treated with 1080 gave good reductions in pig numbers at the localised scale. Where pigs would eat lupins, 1080-treated lupins were usually effective in reducing pig abundance. In some instances, further evidence of feral pig activity was not seen on several sites for several months after poison-baiting occurred. The addition of a small amount of unpoisoned grain to mask the presence of 1080 did not increase the take of treated bait (P < 0.05). Although finding poisoned pigs was difficult owing to the terrain and the presence of bush remnants, the poisoned pigs found (n = 90) were often within 200 m of active bait stations. 1080-poisoned pigs included both adult (≥25 kg) and non-adult pigs of both sexes. Body mass of these pigs ranged from 4 to 90 kg. In all, 42% of poisoned adults found (n = 50) were 50 kg or more. There was minimal evidence of bait take by non-target species, and, where this occurred, it generally involved the consumption of the fermented wheat attractant by kangaroos (Macropus spp.) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Six foxes were known to have been poisoned with 1080-treated grain (4 with malted barley, 2 with wheat). Excluding foxes, no other non-target animals, including native species, were found dead during the intensive searches for poisoned pigs.

scholarly journals Resilience Effects of SGK1 and TAP1 DNA Markers during PRRSV Outbreaks in Reproductive Sows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Marina Laplana ◽  
Joan Estany ◽  
Lorenzo José Fraile ◽  
Ramona Natacha Pena
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Large White ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Potential Use

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major infectious stressor that causes serious health problems and productivity drops. Based on previous genome-wide analyses, we selected SGK1 and TAP1 as candidate genes for resilience, and genotyped three mutations, including a 3′UTR variant SGK1_rs338508371 and two synonymous variants TAP1_rs1109026889 and TAP1_rs80928141 in 305 Landrace × Large White sows. All polymorphisms affected the reproductive performance in the outbreak, but not during the endemic phase, thereby indicating a potential use of these markers for resilience. Moreover, some genotypes were associated with a stable performance across PRRSV phases. Thus, in the outbreak, the SGK1_rs338508371 AA sows had less piglets born alive (p < 0.0001) and more stillborns (p < 0.05) while other sows were able to keep their productivity. During the outbreak, TAP1_rs80928141 GG sows had less piglets born alive (p < 0.05) and both TAP1 polymorphisms influenced the number of mummies in an additive manner (p < 0.05). Remarkably, TAP1_rs80928141 AA sows had around one mummy more than GG sows (p < 0.01). Resilience to PRRSV could be improved by including the SGK1 and TAP1 markers in crossbreeding and/or selection schemes, as they contribute to maintaining a stable number of piglets born alive and lost, particularly mummies, despite the outbreak.

Inheritance of partial resistance to the brown spot disease in Lupinus angustifolius L

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Bradley ◽  
R. N. Oram ◽  
K. W. Malafant
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Wild Accessions

Brown spot (BS) is a damaging disease of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.), particularly in Western Australia. Breeding for resistance to the causal agent [Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) Hughes] has had some success. Here, earlier data on the extent and inheritance of resistance to BS are presented as a possible guide for future breeding programs. In 1980, 236 Mediterranean wild accessions from the Australian germplasm collection, and 17 cultivars and 20 breeding lines of L. angustifolius and L. albus L., were tested by natural infection in replicated short rows at 2 sites in southern New South Wales. The area of lower leaves covered by lesions was up to 70% lower on partially resistant lines than on commercial cultivars. Twelve wild accessions were consistently more resistant than 5 cultivars at Wagga Wagga in 1980 and in 2 subsequent years, in which 66 wild lines and 6 cultivars were tested. However, the rankings at Wagga Wagga differed from those in coastal Western Australia, suggesting that spatial differences occur in the pathotype composition of the fungus. The absence of sexual reproduction in the fungus suggests that its pathotype spectrum would change only slowly at each location. Unimodal distributions of BS scores for individual plants were found in the F2 of Illyarrie (susceptible) � CPI 67877 (resistant) and in the backcross to Illyarrie. The F2 mean was intermediate between the 2 parental means, and only a few plants had a score as low as the resistant parent. The regression of the mean scores for 15 F2 families from crosses among 7 wild lines, and between these and 2 susceptible cultivars, on the respective mid-parent values gave a narrow-sense heritability estimate of 0.94 ± 0.17 on a family mean basis. Thus, resistance was controlled by many loci with co-dominant alleles and should be robust. There was no linkage of resistance genes to the low alkaloid or white flower/green plant loci. Assuming the absence of dominance, the upper limit of narrow-sense heritability on a single plant basis was 0.50 ± 0.13. Several rounds of selection of partially resistant individuals in F2 families and intercrossing among F3 plants from many different wild � domesticated crosses are likely to produce cultivars with much more resistance than those now available. The applicability of the results at Wagga Wagga to the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia, where BS is acute, and optimum field selection procedures are discussed.

Studies in ovine fertility in agricultural regions of Western Australia : ovulation rate, fertility and lambing performance

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Lindsay ◽  
TW Knight ◽  
JF Smith ◽  
CM Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Agricultural Regions

A total of 29,500 ewes, of which 2049 were laparotomized, in 53 flocks were used to determine the extent by which variations in body weight and age of the ewes and the temperature and day length about the time of mating were associated with the number of ovulations per 100 ewes (ovulation rate) and reproductive performance of sheep in south Western Australia. Overall there were only 113.7?2.2 ovulations per 100 ewes in the flocks studied. Less than 3% of the ewes failed to ovulate, so that in general differences between flocks were due to differences in the rate of multiple ovulation. Flocks with high ovulation rates produced more lambs per 100 ewes. There were about six extra lambs per 100 ewes for every 10% increase in the ovulation rate. About 40% of these extra lambs were due to extra twins; the remainder were due to more ewes lambing. Both age and body weight of the ewes were significantly correlated with ovulation rate (r = 0.41, P < 0.01 and r = 0.42, P < 0.01, respectively) and all the parameters of reproduction studied. Each 5 kg difference in body weight was associated with 5.9 extra ovulations per 100 ewes (P < 0.01).

A survey of Phomopsis leptostromiformis infection of lupin seed in Western Australia: 1976-81

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Wood ◽  
DS Petterson
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Australian Journal ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis

Samples of seed from commercial crops of Lupinus spp. in Western Australia were tested over a 6-year period (1976-8 1) for levels of infection by Phomopsis leptostromiformis. Of the 584 samples tested, 49% were not infected and a further 43% had <4% infection. Overall the levels of infection were higher than those previously recorded in this State. There was a highly significant effect of rainfall zone (P<0.001) on infection level. After accounting for this, there was no significant effect of cultivar, year, or growing zone. The method used was compared with that of Ali et al. (Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 1982, 22, 190-3). No significant differences between the two methods in assessment of lupin seed were observed.

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