Evaluation of sunflower cultivars in South Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
TD Potter ◽  
PI McLoud
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The South ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed yields and oil contents were determined for several sunflower cultivars grown in the south-east of South Australia over a range of environments which included different locations and years. Data were analysed by modified joint regression techniques. Each cultivar was included in at least four experiments to allow analysis by modified joint regression. The highest seed yields were produced by Hysun 3 1, Sungold, Suncross 52, Sunking and Hysun 30, which produced 16.4, 15.4, 14.7, 12.4 and 7.4% more seed, respectively, than Peredovik. Seeds with the highest oil contents were produced by Suncross 52 (48.6% w/w) and Hysun 31 (48.3%); Hysun 10 and Stepniak produced seeds with the lowest oil content (43.7 %) . Later flowering cultivars had significantly higher seed yields and oil contents than earlier flowering cultivars, indicating that they were better adapted to the environment. For every day that flowering of a cultivar was later than that of Perodovik, mean seed yield increased by 56.6 kg/ha and oil content by 0.4%.

scholarly journals Effect of Cultivars and Planting Date on Yield, Oil Content, and Fatty Acid Profile of Flax Varieties (Linum usitatissimumL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricel Andrea Gallardo ◽  
Héctor José Milisich ◽  
Silvina Rosa Drago ◽  
Rolando José González
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Seed Yields

In order to determine the effect of cultivars and planting date on flax fatty acid profile, seed yield, and oil content, an assay with seven cultivars (Baikal, Prointa Lucero, Prointa Ceibal, Panambí INTA, Curundú INTA, Carapé INTA, and Tape INTA) was carried out at Parana Agricultural Experimental Station, Argentina. Significant differences among cultivars were found for content of palmitic (5–7 g/100 g), stearic (5–8 g/100 g), linoleic (13–19 g/100 g), saturated (11–15 g/100 g), and unsaturated acids (92–96 g/100 g) within the seven cultivars. The best seed yields were observed in Prointa Lucero and Carapé INTA varieties (2091.50 kg·ha−1and 2183.34 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the first planting date and in Carapé INTA and Prointa Lucero (1667 kg·ha−1and 1886 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the second planting date. A delayed planting date had a negative effect on seed yield (1950 kg·ha−1and 1516 kg·ha−1) and oil content (845 kg·ha−1and 644 kg·ha−1) but did not affect oil composition.

Undersowing wheat with annual legumes: Effects on wheat yields and legume seed yields in the south-eastern wheat belt of Western Australia

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Poole ◽  
JW Gartrell
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The South ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Seed Yields

Ten annual Trifolium and Medicago cultivars were sown at low (1-6 lb an acre) and high (3-18 lb an acre) seeding rates with wheat crops in five trials in the south-eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia. Wheat and legume seed yields from these mixed stands were compared with stands of the same rates of wheat and legume sown alone. Sowing the legumes with the crop reduced wheat yields by from 7.4 bushels an acre (25 per cent) in one trial to 1.5 bushels an acre (5 per cent) in another. The evidence did not suggest which factors caused the different response. Legume seed production under the crop was severely reduced in all trials. In 30 of the 44 comparisons made it was reduced by more than 50 per cent, and in 13 cases by more than 75 per cent. In 9 cases the amount of seed set under the crop was less than 30 lb an acre. In most cases trebling the amount of legume seed sown under the crop greatly increased legume seed yield but caused only a small (less than one bushel per acre) further decrease in wheat yield.

Evolution of subterranean clover in South Australia. II. Change in genetic composition of a mixed population after 19 years' grazing on a commercial farm

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Cocks ◽  
AD Craig ◽  
RV Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Seed Yields

Change in genetic composition of a mixed population of subterranean clover was studied at Kalangadoo in the south-east of South Australia. The seeds from an experiment in which 25 late-maturing strains were compared, were sampled in January 1977, 19 years after the plants were originally sown in 1958. Quadrats along three transects over the approximate position of the old plots were sampled and seed yields measured. The soil was analysed for several chemical and physical properties at the site of each quadrat. Thirty seeds from each sample were germinated in a glasshouse and the resulting seedlings planted out as spaced plants. These were identified on the basis of flowering time and morphological variables; in this way the seed pool of each strain at each quadrat site was determined. Seed pools were adjusted for variation in distance of original plots from the transects by estimating the real position of each plot relative to the transect and calculating the relationship between seed yield and estimated distance. Highest adjusted seed pools were produced by CPI 14454B (820 kg ha-1), CPI 12695 (626 kg ha-1), Eden Valley (502 kg ha-1), and CPI 14197A (476 kg ha-1). Cultivars Mt Barker and Tallarook were also common, but it was deduced from their distribution that they had been continuously introduced to the site from surrounding fields by livestock. All but six of the original strains were recovered in the sampling. Also present were many divergent strains, which yielded 228 kg ha-1 or 31 % of the average seed yield of 744 kg ha-1. Twenty-four of the original 25 strains and five others-Woogenellup, Yarloop, Trikkala, Clare and a divergent strain naturalized at Kalangadoo-were sown in small plots. Twenty-five agronomic variables were measured, including seasonal herbage yields, petiole lengths, leaf areas, isoflavone contents, phosphorus and sulfur uptakes, above- and below-ground seed yields, seed and seedling sizes and permeability of seed coats. The fourth component of a principal component analysis of the data was related to seed pool (P < 0.001), and it is suggested that the variables contributing to this component are important in predicting the success of a strain at Kalangadoo. The most successful tended to have high yields of buried seed, high yields of herbage and long petioles in winter, high formononetin content, early maturity and small seedlings. The results are discussed in terms of factors affecting success, generation of new genetic diversity, and field implications.

The effects of bitumen mulch and sowing date on the establishment and yield of oil-seed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Harper ◽  
R. C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYExperiments in 1976 and 1977, in south-east Scotland, with sunflower (cv. Fransol) examined the effects of bitumen mulch applied after sowing, date and depth of sowing on emergence, flowering and yield. Bitumen mulch increased soil temperatures in April and May by 1–4·5 °C resulting in earlier emergence (6–7 days), more complete emergence under adverse conditions of early and deep sowing, and earlier flowering (2–5 days). Delaying sowing from 7 April to 5 May reduced emergence time and time from sowing to first anthesis. Larger seedlings, having an increased leaf area, resulted from bitumen mulching and early sowing.In the laboratory, increasing temperatures from 5 to 20 °C reduced the average germination time by 0·75 days for each increase of 5 °C. Germination percentage was not affected by temperature over this range.Average seed yields and oil content were markedly different in 1976 and 1977; 2·22 t/ha and 44·7% for 1976 and 0·95 t/ha and 36·9% for 1977. Bitumen mulch and sowing depth had no effect on seed yield or oil content but delaying sowing until 5 May reduced both. Lower seed yields in 1977 resulted from fewer and smaller seeds. Infection of the seed heads with grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) after flowering was high in both years.

Influence of lime rate and particle size on soil pH and vegetative and seed yields of subterranean clover in the South East of South Australia

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJV Hodge ◽  
DC Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
The South ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Lime Particle ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Seed Yields

The effect of 2 rates (2, 4 t/ha) and 5 particle size grades of applied lime on vegetative and seed yields of subterranean clover on an acid siliceous sand in the South East of South Australia is reported. The movement of the lime down the soil profile was assessed through its effect on soil pH. Vegetative yield responses to lime were recorded in 4 of 5 harvests; there was a significant particle size x rate interaction at 2 harvests. When seed yield was significantly increased by lime application, the particle size treatments were not significantly different. Vegetative and seed yields were not increased by doubling the lime rate. Five years after mixing lime in the top 2.5 cm of soil, there was a significant particle size x rate x depth interaction for soil pH. Soil pH was significantly increased to a depth of 12.5 cm by the application of 4 t/ha of lime, with the finer lime particle sizes causing the greatest increase in soil pH at depth

EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION ON SUNFLOWERS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Sunflowers were defoliated artificially to various degrees at three stages of growth to simulate the effects of rust and other foliage diseases. Complete defoliation at the flowering stage was most injurious. It reduced seed yield by 88 to 93 per cent in all five years of the experiment. It also reduced plant height at maturity in one of two years in which heights were recorded, and it reduced weight of 200 seeds, and oil content and protein content of the seed. Removal of 50 per cent of each leaf at flowering reduced seed yield by 22 to 30 per cent, and reduced plant height, but did not cause other statistically significant reductions. Removal of all leaves on the upper half of the stem reduced yield and 200-seed weight significantly.Complete defoliation of seedlings reduced seed yields significantly in two years and reduced plant height in one year. Complete defoliation of maturing plants reduced seed yield significantly in one year. Partial defoliation (50 per cent and 25 per cent) of seedlings and maturing plants produced no significant effects.The results of artificial defoliation should be useful in evaluating damage caused by insects and by hail as well as the effects of foliage diseases.

Nutrient sprays applied to the foliage of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) during flowering and podding do not increase seed yield

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Seymour ◽  
RF Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The South ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Seed Yields

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), and boron (B) were applied as foliar sprays to narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Gungunu) grown in Esperance in 1991 and 1992. Applied individually, no nutrient increased the seed yield of lupins. In 1992, the application of 15 kg N/ha at 2 growth stages [flowering and 2 weeks after flowering (2WAF)I and 4 kg S/ha at 2WAF reduced the seed yield by about 10% (300 kg/ha), despite no evidence of damage to the foliage of the lupins. Nutrient mixes of N, P, K, S, and B were applied in both years at 3 growth stages (flowering, 2WAF, 6WAF), and no combination at any time of application increased the seed yield. In 1992, one combination treatment of (kg/ha) 15 N, 8 P, 12 K, 4 S, and 1 Mn applied 2 weeks before the start of flowering reduced yield by 14%. Where no foliar nutrients were applied, seed yields (t/ha) were 2.6 in 1991 and 3.2 in 1992. Foliar-applied nutrients sprayed during flowering and podding, in addition to some fertilisers applied to soil at seeding, are unlikely to increase the seed yield of lupin crops in the south coastal districts of Western Australia.

THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

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