EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION ON SUNFLOWERS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Sunflowers were defoliated artificially to various degrees at three stages of growth to simulate the effects of rust and other foliage diseases. Complete defoliation at the flowering stage was most injurious. It reduced seed yield by 88 to 93 per cent in all five years of the experiment. It also reduced plant height at maturity in one of two years in which heights were recorded, and it reduced weight of 200 seeds, and oil content and protein content of the seed. Removal of 50 per cent of each leaf at flowering reduced seed yield by 22 to 30 per cent, and reduced plant height, but did not cause other statistically significant reductions. Removal of all leaves on the upper half of the stem reduced yield and 200-seed weight significantly.Complete defoliation of seedlings reduced seed yields significantly in two years and reduced plant height in one year. Complete defoliation of maturing plants reduced seed yield significantly in one year. Partial defoliation (50 per cent and 25 per cent) of seedlings and maturing plants produced no significant effects.The results of artificial defoliation should be useful in evaluating damage caused by insects and by hail as well as the effects of foliage diseases.

Genetic variability in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
R. K. Gupta ◽  
V. K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Mean

The data were recorded on five random selected plants for 12 quantitative characters and statistical analyzed. The analysis of variance for all the twelve characters is showed the mean square due to genotypes was highly significant. The mean values of various characters like days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded maximum for genotype IC560719 and Pusa Karishma (84.00 days)with mean 69.08 days The maximum days to 75% maturity were observed in IC-560700 genotype (142.00 days) with a mean of 135.07 days. The plant height highest recorded in the genotype IC-560696 (217.60 cm) with mean of 188.14 cm. The maximum number of primary branches per plant (16.47) was recorded in the genotype NPJ-113 with mean of 10.13. The genotype NPJ-113 produced maximum number of secondary branches per plant (35.47) with mean of 19.78. The maximum length of siliqua was recorded for Kranti (7.03) with mean of 5.24cm. The maximum number of seeds per siliqua was recorded in Kranti genotype (19.13) with mean value 14.91. The maximum 1000-seed weight recorded 5.57g for Pusa Jai Kisan with mean wt. 3.96 g. Pusa Mustard-21 produced highest biological yield (191.13g) with mean 79.00g. The genotype Pusa Jagannath had maximum harvest index (30.98%) with mean value 23.87%. The oil content in mustard maximum in 42.00 % were recorded in Pusa Agrani with mean oil content was 39.16 percent. The genotype Pusa Mustard-21 showed highest seed yield per plant (47.00g) with a mean seed yield of 18.58. The higher heritability estimates in broad sense for biological yield per plant (99.6%), number of primary branches per plant (91.4%), number of secondary branches per plant (98.4) plant height (99.2%), 1000-seed weight (99.4%) and days to 50 per cent flowering (98.5). Expected genetic advance at 5% selection intensity was recorded higher for biological yield per plant (71.60) and number secondary branches per plant (10.87).

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON PLANT AND SEED CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW FLAX CULTIVARS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
E. O. KENASCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Five flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivars, Dufferin, McGregor, Linott, NorLin and NorMan were grown in the field in 1985, 1986 and 1987 at seeding rates of 200, 400, 600 and 800 seeds m−2. Averaged over all cultivars and years, as seeding rate increased from 200 to 800 seeds m−2, maturity was hastened 2.1 d, seed weight decreased 0.16 g 1000−1 seeds, oil content decreased 0.6%, iodine number decreased 1.3 units and volume weight was not markedly changed. Lodging increased and basal branching decreased from 1.68 to 0.18 branches per plant as seeding rate increased. Plant height increased 0.6 cm from the 200 to the 400 seeds m−2 rate then decreased 1.8 cm from the 400 to the 800 seeds m−2 rate. Seed yield increased from 110 to 124 g m−2 as seeding rate increased from 200 to 600 seeds m−2, then decreased to 121 g m−2 at 800 seeds m−2. Although yields of the five cultivars varied somewhat in their response to seeding rate and year, most yielded near optimum at the 600 seeds m−2 seeding rate.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., seeding rate, lodging

scholarly journals Genetic advance and regression analysis in sunflower

Genetika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1075-1087
Author(s):  
Milan Jockovic ◽  
Sinisa Jocic ◽  
Slaven Prodanovic ◽  
Sandra Cvejic ◽  
Jelena Jockovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Head Diameter

The knowledge about the magnitude and nature of variability that is present in a breeding population is an important prerequisite for designing efficient breeding programme in order to improve the yield potential of genotypes. The objective of this research was to evaluate heritability and genetic advance of important quantitative traits in new crosses of sunflower as well as to evaluate ratio of dominant and recessive genes in parental genotypes. The plant material selected for this research consisted of 6 sunflower genotypes, which according to literary data possess important characteristics for the production of sunflower. According to presented results there is significant variability of evaluated quantitative traits. Phenotypic variance was higher than genotypic demonstrating strong environment effect in expression of traits. The broad sense heritability was found very high for plant height (83.25%), high for 1000 seed weight (69.33%), moderate for seed yield/plant (46.53%) and head diameter (56.89%), while low for oil content (29.35%). Genetic advance expressed as a percentage of the mean ranged between 2.23% and 19.96%. Placement of array points displayed that the highest frequency of dominant genes for seed yield/plant, 1000 seed weight and head diameter was found in parental genotype Rodnik. Position of expected line of regression pointed over dominance in inheritance for seed yield/plant, oil content and head diameter, while for 1000 seed weight and plant height additive gene action played role in inheritance suggesting that selection in early generations for these traits will be effective. By testing the coefficients of regression interallelic interaction was not determined.

Correlation and path coefficient analysis of seed yield and oil content in mustard (Brassica juncea)

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Singh ◽  
R. K. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Path Coefficients ◽  
Component Traits

The present study was undertaken to determine the correlations and path coefficients between seed yield and its component traits and to assess the influence of different environments on 37 varieties of Brassica juncea L. Czern &Coss, grown under four different environments. Positive correlation of seed yield appeared with secondary branches, plant height, and seed weight, and only in environment 4 with seeds per pod. However, with oil content, seed yield was negatively correlated in two environments. Based on path analysis, secondary branches showed the maximum direct positive effects on seed yield followed by plant height. Considering these parameters and also the differences between lines having low and high levels of expression of seed yield and its components, it was concluded that for breeding model plant characters to maximise yield in B. juncea we should consider secondary branches, plant height, seed weight, and to some extent seeds per pod.

scholarly journals Selections of donors depending on agronomic traits, seed yield components, and fatty acid profile for genetic improvement of Carthamus using stepwise multiple regression

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ahmed A.M. Yassein ◽  
Ahmed E.A. Khalaf ◽  
Adel A.A. Mohdaly ◽  
Mohamed H.H. Roby
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Seed Index

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is of potential interest to agriculture due to mainly variability of fatty acid composition of seeds oil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various exotic genotypes of safflower for agronomic traits, components of seed yield and fatty acid content. For this purpose, plant height (cm), number of first, second and third branches/plant, seed yield/plant (g), thousand-seed weight (g), oil content (%), and composition of fatty acid were investigated. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop fitted equation to predicate seed yield/plant. Analysis of variance of agronomic traits showed high differences among genotypes. Although the safflower oil genotype K2 had the highest oil seed content (42.8%), K13 obtained the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Highest oleic type of safflower oil has been found in K13 and K26, which can be used as a source oil quality for plant breeding. Heritability as broad sense was high and ranged from 82% in number of secondary branches (NSB) and number of third branches (NTHB) to 99% in seed index (1000 seeds weight) and oil content. High genetic advance was found in plant height (PH), seed yield/plant (SYP) and 1000-seed weight, estimated at 43.41 cm, 21.34 g and 17.62 g, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that, 99.2% of the total variation in seed yield/plant could be explained by variation in yield of secondary (YSB) branches, yield of first branches (YFB), yield of third branches (YTHB), plant height (PH) and spiny as dummy variable. 23.56% of the total variation in seed oil percent could be explained by variation in yield of first branches (YFB), seed index and spiny as dummy variable. The information detected here may be a useful tool for the selection of parents in safflower breeding program.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

THE SUCCESS OF THE LUCERNE MESSAGE IN MARLBOROUGH

1981 ◽  
pp. 179-183
Author(s):  
A.J. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
One Year ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
New Cultivars

This paper, as well as being a testimonial to the benefit the writer has received from the Grassland Association, shows how the knowledge of scientists has been used to increase lucerne seed yields by methods of growing resistant cultivars especially for seed production as opposed to growing for hay, silage or grazing. It shows how new cultivars can be multiplied quickly by growing two crops in one year, one in each hemisphere, by using low seeding rates, wide plant spacing and very good weed control. Increased flowering of the crop has been achieved by the use of boron and the choice of time of closing; better pollination has been achieved by the use of more efficient bees - two varieties of which have been imported from North America. Weed and insect pest control and the use of a desiccant at harvest are contributing to a four-fold increase in seed yield, which should double again soon,

scholarly journals Effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Mosa Morsheda Khatun ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Sulphur is a component of plant amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and enzyme structures which influence the productivity of oil seed and total oil content. The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of sulphur on the seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. The experiment comprised three varieties of sesame viz. Binatil-2, Binatil-3 and BARI Til-4 and six levels of sulphur (S) viz. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg S ha–1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Dry matter production, crop characters, yield components, seed yield and oil content were significantly influenced by variety, level of sulphur and their interaction. The highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (17.56 g), plant height (101.3 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.66),  number of pods plant-1 (41.56), number of seeds pod-1 (58.83),  seed yield    (747.2 kg ha-1), stover yield (2243.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (40.03%) were obtained in BARI Til-4 while the corresponding lowest values of all parameters were recorded in Binatil-2. In case of sulphur application, the highest dry matter production plant–1 at 50 DAS (20.81 g), plant height (109.7 cm), number of branches plant–1 (3.87),  number of pods plant–1 (46.13),  number of seeds pod-1 (56.67),  seed yield (800.0 kg ha–1), stover yield (2787 kg ha–1 ) and oil content (43.97%) were obtained when crop was fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 while the lowest seed yield (502.2 kg ha–1), stover yield (1550.0 kg ha–1) and oil content (32.80%) were obtained in control (0 kg S ha–1). BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 produced the highest dry matter plant–1 at 50 DAS (24.80 g), number of pods plant–1 (51.13), seeds pod–1 (62.0) and seed yield (1011.0 kg ha–1). The highest oil content (43.97%) was also recorded in BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1, which was as good as that of BARI Til-4 fertilized with 40 kg S ha–1. Therefore, BARI Til-4 fertilized with 30 kg S ha–1 can be considered as a promising practice in respect of seed yield and oil content of sesame in Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 33–38, March 2019

scholarly journals Effect of Cultivars and Planting Date on Yield, Oil Content, and Fatty Acid Profile of Flax Varieties (Linum usitatissimumL.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricel Andrea Gallardo ◽  
Héctor José Milisich ◽  
Silvina Rosa Drago ◽  
Rolando José González
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Seed Yields

In order to determine the effect of cultivars and planting date on flax fatty acid profile, seed yield, and oil content, an assay with seven cultivars (Baikal, Prointa Lucero, Prointa Ceibal, Panambí INTA, Curundú INTA, Carapé INTA, and Tape INTA) was carried out at Parana Agricultural Experimental Station, Argentina. Significant differences among cultivars were found for content of palmitic (5–7 g/100 g), stearic (5–8 g/100 g), linoleic (13–19 g/100 g), saturated (11–15 g/100 g), and unsaturated acids (92–96 g/100 g) within the seven cultivars. The best seed yields were observed in Prointa Lucero and Carapé INTA varieties (2091.50 kg·ha−1and 2183.34 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the first planting date and in Carapé INTA and Prointa Lucero (1667 kg·ha−1and 1886 kg·ha−1, respectively) in the second planting date. A delayed planting date had a negative effect on seed yield (1950 kg·ha−1and 1516 kg·ha−1) and oil content (845 kg·ha−1and 644 kg·ha−1) but did not affect oil composition.

EFFECT OF PASMO DISEASE ON SEED YIELD AND THOUSAND KERNEL WEIGHT OF FLAX

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (5) ◽  
pp. 493-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Sackston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Field Plots

The pasmo pathogen sporulated freely on potato dextrose agar containing yeast extract. Spores suspended in water with gelatin as a spreader–sticker were sprayed onto flax plants at different stages of growth in field plots. Heaviest infections of pasmo resulted from inoculations at the flowering stage, lighter infections from inoculations on seedlings, and lightest infections from inoculations on ripening plants. Diluting the concentration of spores in the inoculum reduced disease intensity. The four flax varieties in the tests differed in reaction to pasmo. In decreasing order of susceptibility they were: Viking, Redwing, Royal, and Crystal. Heavy infections of pasmo caused premature ripening and reduced the seed yield and weight per thousand kernels of all four varieties. The effects of pasmo infection on seed yield and kernel weight were similar to those caused by a hot, dry climate, and by flax rust. Seed yield and kernel weight were reduced most markedly by inoculation at the flowering stage, less severely by inoculation at the seedling stage, and least of all by inoculation at the time of ripening. Seed yield and kernel weight from plots inoculated when the plants were ripening did not differ significantly from the uninoculated checks. Highly significant positive correlations between the data for seed yield and kernel weight indicated that much of the loss in yield resulted from a reduction in the size of individual seeds.

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