Purification of corynetoxins from galls of annual ryegrass infected with Corynebacterium rathayi

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vogel ◽  
H Golding ◽  
A McWilliam ◽  
J Carlin
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Purification Procedure ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Short Column ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

An improved, rapid and efficient purification procedure of corynetoxins, the causal agents of annual ryegrass toxicity, is described. The method relies upon bacterial gall concentration from crude seedhead material and the use of Sep Pak 'Florisil' cartridges and 'short column' chromatography to purify corynetoxinsfrom crude extracts. Extracts were monitored for toxicity using a recently developed bacterial inhibition assay.

Corynetoxins are not detoxicated by in vitro fermentation in ovine rumen fluid

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vogel ◽  
MG McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

Tunicamycin and seed galls of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) containing corynetoxins, the causal agents of annual ryegrass toxicity, were incubated in ovine rumen fluid-buffer mixtures. A bacterial inhibition assay of extracted incubation mixtures revealed that no detoxication occurred under these in vitro conditions.

A bacterial inhibition assay for corynetoxins from parasitized annual ryegrass

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Stynes ◽  
P Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Sensitive Method

A rapid and sensitive method is described to detect and measure corynetoxins in extracts of ryegrass seed galls colonized by Corynebacterium rathayi, as well as in crude extracts of pasture samples containing such galls. The assay is done in microtitre plates by incorporating a test organism, C. tntrci, with a series of dilutions of plant extracts. The presence of at least 125 ng ml-1 of toxin inhibits the growth of C. tritici, which can be detected by optical density measurements. There is evidence that growth inhibition is due to the presence of corynetoxins. It is likely the test could also be used to detect the closely related tunicamycin compounds.

Toxic tunicaminyluracil antibiotics identified in water-damaged wheat responsible for the death of pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Cockrum ◽  
CCJ Culvenor ◽  
JA Edgar ◽  
MV Jago ◽  
AL Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Identification ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Fatal Intoxication ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

A unique mixture of toxic tunicaininyluracil antibiotics, closely related to the corynetoxins which causc annual ryegrass toxicity and to the tunicamycins, has been identified in rain-damaged, stored wheat implicated in a fatal intoxication of pigs. The toxins, present at a level of approximately 4.5 mg per kg, were isolated by preparative t.1.c. They displayed specific inhibition of uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine : dolichol-phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase and bacterial inhibition consistent with this type of antibiotic, and produced symptoms in rats identical with those associated with the tunicamycin and corynetoxin complexes. Chemical identification, based on t.l.c., h.p.l.c., co-chromatography with authentic toxins and catalytic hydrogenation, was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The origin of these toxins is unknown, but the unique mixture of components detected suggests a previously unreported tunicaminyluracil antibiotic-producing microbial source.

Development of annual ryegrass toxicity

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Stynes ◽  
AF Bird
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Physiological Aging ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Plots

Ryegrass pasture, containing seed galls induced by Anguina agrostis and colonized by Corynebacterium rathayi, was harvested from experimental plots near Katanning in Western Australia. Plant growth stage, numbers of emerged inflorescences and numbers of galls present were estimated for 10 harvests collected at weekly intervals, commencing 22 September when the first inflorescences had emerged. The concentration of toxin (corynetoxins) at each harvest was estimated using a bacterial inhibition bioassay. Levels of toxin were up to 459 �g per m2 pasture prior to and during anthesis, but the concentration increased rapidly during the final four harvests (corresponding to ripening) and reached a maximum level of 6292 �g m-2. A possible relationship between toxicity and the presence of ultramicroscopic particles observed in the galls was investigated. Galls from each harvest were sectioned and examined under the electron microscope. Particles were not found in galls sampled prior to anthesis, but were found in galls from the last four harvests. From these results, the production of toxin appears to be related to physiological aging of the plant and may also be related to the accumulation of particles.

scholarly journals ANTI DIABETIC FLAVANONE COMPOUND FROM THE LEAVES OF Artocarpus communis

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa D.N. Lotulung ◽  
Sofa Fajriah ◽  
Andini Sundowo ◽  
Euis Filaila
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Spectroscopic Evidence

The Flavanone compound with anti diabetic activity was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Artocarpus communis leaves using column chromatography techniques. The structure of the flavanone compound was elucidated on the basic of spectroscopic evidence and comparison to published values. This compound, 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, showed strong anti diabetic activity on α-glucosidase inhibition assay with IC50 18.120 µg mL-1.   Keywords: Artocarpus communis, 8-geranyl-4,5,7-trihydroxyflavone, anti diabetic activity

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Rathayibacter toxicus, the bacterium involved in annual ryegrass toxicity, in hay

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Masters ◽  
A. R. Gregory ◽  
R. J. Evans ◽  
J. E. Speijers ◽  
S. S. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Capture Assay ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Rathayibacter toxicus is described. The development of a monoclonal antibody for a specific antigen from R. toxicus and a polyclonal antibody raised against the same R. toxicus preparation enabled a capture assay format. The assay is specific for a soluble polysaccharide produced by the bacterium and was found to be sensitive enough to detect antigen equivalent to less than one gall per kilogram of hay. The applicability of the assay to samples of pasture or hay is demonstrated. Cost-effective testing of large numbers of samples for the presence of R. toxicus is possible with the ELISA. This will assist stockowners, hay producers, and hay exporters in the management of the risk of annual ryegrass toxicity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document