Toxic tunicaminyluracil antibiotics identified in water-damaged wheat responsible for the death of pigs

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Cockrum ◽  
CCJ Culvenor ◽  
JA Edgar ◽  
MV Jago ◽  
AL Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
Chemical Identification ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Fatal Intoxication ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

A unique mixture of toxic tunicaininyluracil antibiotics, closely related to the corynetoxins which causc annual ryegrass toxicity and to the tunicamycins, has been identified in rain-damaged, stored wheat implicated in a fatal intoxication of pigs. The toxins, present at a level of approximately 4.5 mg per kg, were isolated by preparative t.1.c. They displayed specific inhibition of uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine : dolichol-phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase and bacterial inhibition consistent with this type of antibiotic, and produced symptoms in rats identical with those associated with the tunicamycin and corynetoxin complexes. Chemical identification, based on t.l.c., h.p.l.c., co-chromatography with authentic toxins and catalytic hydrogenation, was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The origin of these toxins is unknown, but the unique mixture of components detected suggests a previously unreported tunicaminyluracil antibiotic-producing microbial source.

Corynetoxins are not detoxicated by in vitro fermentation in ovine rumen fluid

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vogel ◽  
MG McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

Tunicamycin and seed galls of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) containing corynetoxins, the causal agents of annual ryegrass toxicity, were incubated in ovine rumen fluid-buffer mixtures. A bacterial inhibition assay of extracted incubation mixtures revealed that no detoxication occurred under these in vitro conditions.

Development of annual ryegrass toxicity

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Stynes ◽  
AF Bird
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Physiological Aging ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Plots

Ryegrass pasture, containing seed galls induced by Anguina agrostis and colonized by Corynebacterium rathayi, was harvested from experimental plots near Katanning in Western Australia. Plant growth stage, numbers of emerged inflorescences and numbers of galls present were estimated for 10 harvests collected at weekly intervals, commencing 22 September when the first inflorescences had emerged. The concentration of toxin (corynetoxins) at each harvest was estimated using a bacterial inhibition bioassay. Levels of toxin were up to 459 �g per m2 pasture prior to and during anthesis, but the concentration increased rapidly during the final four harvests (corresponding to ripening) and reached a maximum level of 6292 �g m-2. A possible relationship between toxicity and the presence of ultramicroscopic particles observed in the galls was investigated. Galls from each harvest were sectioned and examined under the electron microscope. Particles were not found in galls sampled prior to anthesis, but were found in galls from the last four harvests. From these results, the production of toxin appears to be related to physiological aging of the plant and may also be related to the accumulation of particles.

Purification of corynetoxins from galls of annual ryegrass infected with Corynebacterium rathayi

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vogel ◽  
H Golding ◽  
A McWilliam ◽  
J Carlin
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Purification Procedure ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Short Column ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

An improved, rapid and efficient purification procedure of corynetoxins, the causal agents of annual ryegrass toxicity, is described. The method relies upon bacterial gall concentration from crude seedhead material and the use of Sep Pak 'Florisil' cartridges and 'short column' chromatography to purify corynetoxinsfrom crude extracts. Extracts were monitored for toxicity using a recently developed bacterial inhibition assay.

Effects of Doping on the Electrochemical and Electrical Properties of Poly(2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyrrole)

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Brillas ◽  
José Carrasco ◽  
Ramon Oliver ◽  
Francesc Estrany ◽  
Víctor Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Ethanolic Solution ◽  
Pt Electrode ◽  
Reversible Process ◽  
Oxidation Potentials ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Linear Molecules

The electropolymerization of 2,5-di(2-(thienyl)pyrrole) (SNS) on a Pt electrode from ethanolic solution with LiClO4 or LiCl as electrolyte has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). In both media, a quasi-reversible process has been indicated by CV, reversing the scan at low oxidation potentials. Under these conditions, reducible positive charges formed in both oxidized polymers are compensated by the entrance of anions from solution. Elemental analysis reveals that polymers generated at a low oxidation potential by CA contain a 21.03% (w/w) of ClO4- or a 9.56% (w/w) of Cl-. The poly(SNS) doped with Cl- presents higher proportion of reducible positive charges, higher polymerization charge and lower productivity. A much higher electrical conductivity, however, has been found for the poly(SNS) doped with ClO4-. Both polymers are soluble in DMSO, acetone and methanol. The dimer, trimer, tetramer and pentamer have been detected as soluble and neutral linear oligomers by mass spectrometry-fast atom bombardment. The analysis of polymers by infrared spectroscopy confirms the predominant formation of linear molecules with α-α linkages between monomeric units. A condensation mechanism involving one-electron oxidation of all electrogenerated linear and neutral polymeric chains is proposed to explain the SNS electropolymerization.

scholarly journals A revised primary structure for neocarzinostatin based on fast atom bombardment and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (17) ◽  
pp. 10801-10806
Author(s):  
B W Gibson ◽  
W C Herlihy ◽  
T S Samy ◽  
K S Hahm ◽  
H Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

scholarly journals Assignment of disulfide bonds in proteins by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

1987 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. 2507-2513
Author(s):  
R. Yazdanparast ◽  
P.C. Andrews ◽  
D.L. Smith ◽  
J.E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment

scholarly journals Proton NMR and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry analysis of the melanoma-associated ganglioside 9-O-acetyl-GD3.

1985 ◽  
Vol 260 (27) ◽  
pp. 14556-14563 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Thurin ◽  
M Herlyn ◽  
O Hindsgaul ◽  
N Strömberg ◽  
K A Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fast Atom Bombardment ◽  
Proton Nmr ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis
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