Corynetoxins are not detoxicated by in vitro fermentation in ovine rumen fluid

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vogel ◽  
MG McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

Tunicamycin and seed galls of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) containing corynetoxins, the causal agents of annual ryegrass toxicity, were incubated in ovine rumen fluid-buffer mixtures. A bacterial inhibition assay of extracted incubation mixtures revealed that no detoxication occurred under these in vitro conditions.

Production of corynetoxins in vitro by Corynebacterium sp. isolated from annual ryegrass seedheads

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Payne ◽  
PA Cockrum
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
The Family ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Corynebacterium Sp ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

Corynetoxin complex is the family of tunicamycin-like antibiotics isolated from annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seedheads infected with a plant pathogenic Corynebacterium and identified as the causative toxins for annual ryegrass toxicity (ARGT) in Australia. Only trace amounts of corynetoxins have been reported to be produced in vitro. Enhanced in vitro production of corynetoxins by Corynebacterium sp. has now been demonstrated. The important conditions required were growth on an agar surface, absence of light, low incubation temperature and strain of the organism. Strains of the Corynebaterium sp. grown under conditions not supporting corynetoxin production failed to produce corynetoxins when subsequently grown under more favourable conditions. Even when maintained under the most favourable conditions, toxigenicity of strains declined on repeated subculturing. While levels of toxin typically produced in vitro were only about 5% of those found in infected ryegrass seedheads, they were high enough to be a useful source of corynetoxins for experimental purposes.

Purification of corynetoxins from galls of annual ryegrass infected with Corynebacterium rathayi

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vogel ◽  
H Golding ◽  
A McWilliam ◽  
J Carlin
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Purification Procedure ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition ◽  
Short Column ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

An improved, rapid and efficient purification procedure of corynetoxins, the causal agents of annual ryegrass toxicity, is described. The method relies upon bacterial gall concentration from crude seedhead material and the use of Sep Pak 'Florisil' cartridges and 'short column' chromatography to purify corynetoxinsfrom crude extracts. Extracts were monitored for toxicity using a recently developed bacterial inhibition assay.

In vitro fermentation of key dietary compounds with rumen fluid: A genome-centric perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 584-585 ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Campanaro ◽  
Laura Treu ◽  
Mirko Cattani ◽  
Panagiotis G Kougias ◽  
Veronica Vendramin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
A Genome

Influence of ionophores on in vitro fermentation by rumen fluid from sheep receiving yeast culture (Yeasacc; YC)

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace ◽  
I.M. Nevison
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of compounds has been described which have the potential to improve animal production by manipulating the rumen fermentation. Prominent among these rumen modifiers are the ionophores. Ionophores, such as monensin and tetronasin, improve feed efficiency, partly by increasing the flow of amino-N from the rumen and partly by stimulating the production of propionate in the rumen with an associated reduction in the production of methane (Russell and Strobel, 1988). Recently there has been increasing interest in the use of yeast culture (YC) and other fungal preparation to modify the rumen fermentation. These products have been shown to increase bacterial numbers within the rumen with an associated increase in the breakdown of fibre and supply of microbial protein (Williams and Newbold, 1990). YC has also been reported to increase the production of propionate in the rumen. Little appears to be known about the effect a combination YC and an ionophore would have on the rumen fermentation. This study describes the effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on the fermentation of hay by rumen fluid from sheep fed a basal diet with or without YC.

In vitro fermentation of browse species using goat rumen fluid in relation to browse polyphenol content and composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mengistu ◽  
M. Karonen ◽  
J.-P. Salminen ◽  
W.H. Hendriks ◽  
W.F. Pellikaan
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Goat Rumen

Losses of the digestible components of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) during senescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Ballard ◽  
RJ Simpson ◽  
GR Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Stem Internode ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Stem Leaf

Changes in the digestibility and chemical composition of a L. rigidum cv. Wimmera sward sown in May, 1985 were measured from 21 d pre-anthesis (9 Oct.) until 69 d after anthesis (7 Jan.) when the plants were dead. Max. yield of 11.7 t DM/ha was reached 8 d pre-anthesis. The in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) of whole plants decreased from 58% at anthesis to 36% 69 d after anthesis. This was associated with a decrease in the IVDMD of stem, leaf blades and sheaths. In the 3rd stem internode, which was considered representative of the stem, the loss of digestible yield was due to loss of DM soluble in neutral detergent (NDS). The NDS consisted mainly of non-structural carbohydrates. Similar losses of NDS contributed to loss of digestibility in the uppermost leaf blade and leaf sheath. The digestibility of NDS was generally 80-95% but in the leaf blade this declined to 45% as NDS was mobilized during leaf senescence. NDF digestibility of the stem declined from 35% at anthesis to 19% when dead; corresponding values for the uppermost leaf blade were 83 and 54%, resp., and for the leaf sheath 46 and 37%, resp. These characteristics of a senescing grass sward are discussed in relation to options for improving digestibility of dead grass pastures.

scholarly journals Tea saponins affect in vitro fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid

2005 ◽  
Vol 6B (8) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-lian Hu ◽  
Yue-ming Wu ◽  
Jian-xin Liu ◽  
Yan-qiu Guo ◽  
Jun-an Ye
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

A comparison between equine faeces and caecal digesta as sources of inoculum for in vitro fermentation studies using the pressure transducer technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
R.S. Lowman ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Micro Organisms

Several studies have shown high correlations between in vtvo and in vitro degradation of fibrous feeds when preparations from either rumen fluid or ruminant faeces have been used as the inocula for the in vitro studies (El Shaer et al., 1987; Akhter et al., 1994 & 1995; Harris et al., 1995). Use of an inoculum prepared from faecal material is attractive, for unlike that obtained from rumen fluid, it precludes the need to prepare and maintain fistulated donor animals. This study investigated the use of pony faeces, as an alternative to pony caecal digesta, as a source of micro-organisms for in vitro feed degradability studies.

In Vitro Fermentation of the Non-Starch Polysaccahride Fraction of Tropical Forage Legumes

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 135-135
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
R.D. Pilgrim ◽  
J. Thorpe ◽  
S.J. Lister ◽  
P. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Acacia Cyanophylla ◽  
Tropical Forage

The fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharides; NSP) of tropical forage legumes is a potentially important source of dietary energy. Such legumes, however often contain tannins which can reduce the fermentability of the NSP fraction. In this study, the monosaccharide composition and in vitro digestibility of the NSP fraction of eleven tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content, were investigated.Milled, lyophilised leaves of 5 species of forage legume from Ethiopia, Sesbania goetzei (SG), Sesbania sesban (SS) Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Acacia cyanophylla (AC), Chamaecytisus palmensis (CP)) and six from Colombia, Calliandra sp. 29400 (C), Dioclea guianensis (DG), Flemingia macrophylla 77409 (FM) Tadehagi sp. 23227 (T23), 13269 (T69) and 13275 (T75)) were used. One gram samples were fermented at 39°C for 7 d under anaerobic conditions in modified Van Soest medium inoculated with bovine rumen fluid (5 replicates per species). At the end of the fermentation period, residues were filtered, washed with distilled water and lyophilised. The NSP content and composition of the original samples and their residues were determined by the method of Englyst and Cummings (1984). The bound, soluble and total condensed tannin contents of the original samples were determined by the method of Terrill et al. (1992).

IN-VITRO FERMENTATION OF ALDITOLS BY RUMEN CONTENTS AND ABSORPTION OF ALDITOLS IN THE OVINE SMALL INTESTINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
C. J. LISTER ◽  
R. R. SMITHARD
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

In-vitro incubations with rumen fluid from four wethers showed that glucose, glucitol and mannitol were fermented more rapidly than arabinitol and xylitol and that arabinitol was fermented more rapidly than xylitol (P < 0.05) when the alditols or sugar were added singly. When arabinitol and xylitol or mannitol and xylitol were added as mixtures there was no effect on rates of individual alditol fermentation. Measurement of alditols reaching the duodenum and subsequently the terminal ileum of three sheep given an alditol mixture via the rumen showed that less than half the pentitols entering the small intestine were absorbed there. When higher levels of alditols entered the small intestine by infusion into the duodenum, absorption of pentitols was less efficient than that of the hexitols, mannitol and glucitol. Key words: Alditols, fermentation, rumen fluid, absorption

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