Resistance and tolerance of grape rootstocks to South Australian populations of root-knot nematode

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling ◽  
RM Cirami
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Two Populations

Twenty-three grape rootstocks and four commercial varieties were screened in pots for resistance to populations of root-knot nematode from the Barossa Valley, Riverland and Southern Vales regions of South Australia. Four species (Meloidogyne arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica) were present in the Barossa Valley population, while the other two populations contained only M. hapla and M. javanica. The Barossa Valley population multiplied better and produced more galls than the other populations, but the resistance of each rootstock relative to others was similar for all three nematode populations. The most resistant rootstocks were Ramsey, Dog Ridge, Freedom, Schwarzmann, 16 16, K51-32 and K51-40. Rootstocks with high or moderate nematode resistance in pots also showed good resistance in three field trials. The tolerance of each rootstock to root-knot nematode was evaluated by comparing root growth in the presence and absence of the nematode. Rootstocks with the best nematode resistance were also the most tolerant. Although variations in pathogenicity are often observed between species of Meloidogyne and within populations of the same species, we concluded that nematode resistant grape rootstocks would be useful against the range of pathogenic variation in the nematode likely to be encountered in South Australia.

Field performance of tomato varieties resistant to root-knot nematodes

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling ◽  
MF Wachtel
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The performance of 15 potentially useful nematode-resistant tomato varieties (Ace Hy, Better Boy, Bigset, Bonus, Calmart, Magnifico, Monte Carlo, Patriot, Red Supreme, Rich Reward, Surprise, Terrific, VFN Bush, VFN 8 and Vine Ripe) was assessed in field trials at Loveday and Loxton, South Australia. All varieties showed some nematode resistance when grown in sites heavily infested with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) and most produced yields which were not significantly less than the commonly used susceptible varieties (Burnley Gem, Floradade, Grosse Lisse and Q3) grown in soil treated with nematicides. However, the nematode-resistant varieties were of limited value commercially because the fruit was either susceptible to cracking or too soft to be transported long distances. In glasshouse tests, biotypes of root-knot nematode capable of attacking resistant varieties were not observed. All resistant varieties exhibited resistance against populations of M. javanica from grape, peach, sweet corn, tomato (variety Floradade), tomato (variety VFN Bush), and against field populations of Meloidogyne from both resistant and susceptible tomato varieties. These results suggest that agronomically acceptable nematode-resistant varieties would be useful in management programs to control root-knot nematodes in the Murray Valley.

Greenhouse and field resistance in cucumber to root-knot nematodes

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Kenneth R. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Multiple Root ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Race 2

Abstract Ten cultigens were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica under greenhouse and field conditions. Resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica was verified in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii line LJ 90430 and to M. arenaria race 2 in C. sativus var. sativus Southern Pickler and Mincu in a greenhouse test. Another cultigen of C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) was found to be resistant to M. arenaria race 2 but not to other root-knot nematode species tested. LJ 90430 is the cultigen of choice to develop root-knot nematode resistant cucumbers, since it has multiple root-knot nematode resistance and is cross-compatible with cucumber. Greenhouse and field data were positively correlated (r = 0.74) over both years. Experiment repeatabilities were calculated from the cultigens infected with root-knot nematodes under both greenhouse and field conditions. Four environments (greenhouse and field over 2 years) were used in the analysis. Repeatabilities were high in all instances (ranging from 0.83-0.99) and indicated that the environment (field or greenhouse) was not an important factor in assessing root-knot nematode resistance for the cultigens evaluated. Resistenz von Gurkengegen Wurzelgallennematoden im Gewachshaus undim Freiland - Unter Gewachshausund Freilandbedingungen wurden zehn Cultigene auf ihre Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 und gegen M. javanica gepruft. Bei Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii Linie LJ 90430 wurde im Gewachshausversuch Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 sowie gegen M. javanica nachgewiesen, und in C. sativus var. sativus "Southern Pickler" und "Mincu" Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2. Cultigen C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) war resistent gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2 aber nicht gegen die anderen gepruften Arten von Wurzelgallennematoden. LJ 90430 ist das Cultigen der Wahl bei der Entwicklung von Gurken, die gegen Wurzelgallennematoden resistent sind, da es multiple Resistenzen gegen Wurzelgallennematoden besitzt und kreuzungsvertraglich mit Gurke ist. Die Ergebnisse der Gewachshaus- und Feldversuche waren uber beide Versuchsjahre hin positiv korreliert (r = 0,74). Ausgehend von den Cultigenen, die im Gewachshaus und im Freiland mit Wurzelgallennematoden infiziert waren, wurden die Wiederholbarkeiten der Versuche berechnet. Dabei wurden vier verschiedene Umweltbedingungen (Gewachshaus und Freiland uber zwei Jahre) verwendet. Die Wiederholbarkeiten waren in allen Fallen hoch (0,83-0,99) und zeigten an, dass die Umwelt (Freiland oder Gewachshaus) kein wichtiger Faktor bei der Bestimmung der Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden bei den gepruften Cultigenen war.

scholarly journals Characterization of Resistance Conferred by the N gene to Meloidogyne arenaria Races 1 and 2, M. hapla, and M. javanica in Two Sets of Isogenic Lines of Capsicum annuum L.

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Richard L. Fery
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

Two isogenic sets of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines (differing at the N root-knot nematode resistance locus) were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2, M. hapla Chitwood, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood in greenhouse and growth chamber tests. The isogenic sets of C. annuum were `Charleston Belle' (NN) and `Keystone Resistant Giant' (nn-recurrent parent), and `Carolina Wonder' (NN) and `Yolo Wonder B' (nn-recurrent parent). Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 is pathogenic to C. annuum. `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' exhibited high resistance to M. arenaria race 1. Their respective recurrent backcross parents, `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B', were susceptible to M. arenaria. Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 and M. javanica are not highly pathogenic to pepper. However, `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' both exhibited higher (P≤0.05) resistance to M. arenaria race 2 and M. javanica than `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B'. Meloidogyne hapla is pathogenic to pepper. Both `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' and their respective recurrent parents, `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B', were susceptible to M. hapla. We concluded that the N gene confers resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica in C. annuum, but the N gene does not condition resistance to M. hapla.

scholarly journals Response of Bell Pepper Cultivars Near-isogenic for the N Gene to Meloidogyne incognita in Field Trials

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1394-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
John D. Mueller ◽  
Gilbert Miller ◽  
Joseph Varne
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fresh Root

Resistance of two sets of bell pepper [(Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (Grossum Group)] cultivars near-isogenic for the N gene that conditions resistance to root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood] was evaluated in field tests at Blackville, S.C. and Charleston, S.C. The isogenic bell pepper sets were `Charleston Belle' (NN) and `Keystone Resistant Giant' (nn), and `Carolina Wonder' (NN) and `Yolo Wonder B' (nn). The resistant cultivars Charleston Belle and Carolina Wonder were highly resistant; root galling was minimal for both cultivars at both test sites. The susceptible cultivars Keystone Resistant Giant and Yolo Wonder B were highly susceptible; root galling was severe at both test sites. `Charleston Belle' had 96.9% fewer eggs per g fresh root than `Keystone Resistant Giant', and `Carolina Wonder' had 98.3% fewer eggs per g fresh root than `Yolo Wonder B' (averaged over both test sites). `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' exhibited a high level of resistance in field studies at both sites. These results demonstrate that resistance conferred by the N gene for root-knot nematode resistance is effective in field-planted bell pepper. Root-knot nematode resistant bell peppers should provide economical and environmentally compatible alternatives to methyl bromide and other nematicides for managing M. incognita.

scholarly journals Mapping the Root-Knot Nematode Resistance Gene (Rk) in Tobacco with RAPD Markers

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1319-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Yi ◽  
R. C. Rufty ◽  
E. A. Wernsman ◽  
M. C. Conkling
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
Nematode Resistance Gene ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Low Rate

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was conducted to map the Rk gene in tobacco which conditions resistance to races 1 and 3 of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Resistant burley tobacco genotype NC 528, containing the Rk gene, and the susceptible cultivar Ky 14 were screened with 1,500 random decamers. A low rate of genetic polymor-phism (<10%) was detected among these lines. Two populations (F1 and F3) of maternally de-rived doubled haploid (MDH) lines of burley tobacco, developed from the cross NC 528 × Ky 14, were used to map the Rk gene. NC 528, Ky 14, three Rk-resistant (Rk-R) DNA bulks, andthree Rk-susceptible (Rk-S) bulks generated from F1-derived MDH individuals were screenedwith the primers that amplified bands polymorphic between Rk-R and Rk-S lines. A total of 67 F1MDH lines and 59 F3MDH lines were screened with the primers that amplified bands polymorphic between Rk-R bulks and Rk-S bulks to confirm linkage between candidate markers and the Rk gene. Sixteen RAPD markers were positioned at six loci in a map 24.1 centimorgans long. Six RAPD markers, including one identified in the F3MDH population, were mapped at the Rk locus.

An insecticide baseline study of Australian broadacre aphids

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel Clouston ◽  
Owain Edwards ◽  
Paul Umina
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Field Sensitivity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Two Populations

Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), Lipaphis pseudobrassicae (Davis), Acyrthosiphon kondoi (Shinji), Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) are among the most important aphid pests in Australian broadacre systems. In this study a leaf-dip method was used to assay pirimicarb, dimethoate, α-cypermethrin and imidacloprid against field populations collected from Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland. This research established toxicity baseline data that will be important for future monitoring of insecticide responses in broadacre crops. It also provided an opportunity to identify any chemical tolerance that may be evolving in these pests. Acyrthosiphon craccivora populations showed differences in their responses to dimethoate, pirimicarb and imidacloprid (but not to α-cypermethrin), indicating possible shifts in field sensitivity to these three chemicals. Rhopalosiphum padi had the lowest sensitivity to all insecticides tested, with two populations (collected from South Australia and Queensland) showing less than 100% mortality when tested at the field rate of α-cypermethrin. There were few differences in insecticide responses between populations of the other three species. Continued screening of A. craccivora and R. padi populations is needed to fully assess the current status of tolerance among field populations and to strengthen resistance management tactics.

Identification of RAPD, SCAR, and RFLP markers tightly linked to nematode resistance genes introgressed from Arachis cardenasii into Arachis hypogaea

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Garcia ◽  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
E. Shroeder ◽  
G. Kochert
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode

Two dominant genes conditioning resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria were identified in a segregating F2 population derived from the cross of 4x (Arachis hypogaea × Arachis cardenasii)-GA 6 and PI 261942. Mae is proposed as the designation for the dominant gene restricting egg number and Mag is proposed as the designation for the dominant gene restricting galling. The high levels of resistance in GA 6 were introgressed from A. cardenasii and, therefore, a search to identify A. cardenasii specific RAPD markers that are tightly linked to these resistance genes was conducted utilizing bulked segregant analysis. One RAPD marker (Z3/265) was linked at 10 ± 2.5 (SE) and 14 ± 2.9 cM from Mag and Mae, respectively. The marker was mapped to linkage group 1 at 5 cM from Xuga.cr239 in the backcross map in an area where introgression from A. cardenasii had previously been reported. This fragment was cloned and used to generate a pair of primers that specifically amplified this locus (sequence characterized amplified region, SCAR) and as a RFLP probe. Their close linkage with the resistance genes will be useful in marker-based selection while transferring nematode resistance from introgression lines into elite breeding lines and cultivars. The Z3/265 marker associated with the genes Mae or Mag was not found in other highly resistant Arachis species (Arachis batizocoi or Arachis stenosperma), in progenies of interspecific crosses with A. cardenasii that were moderately resistant, or in the resistant A. hypogaea lines PI 259634 and PI 259572. These represent the first molecular markers linked with a resistant gene in peanut and the first report of two physiological responses to nematode attack associated with two genetic factors. Key words : peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Arachis cardenasii, Meloidogyne arenaria, RFLP, RAPD, SCAR, nematode resistance, bulk segregant analysis, introgression.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Eggplant Root in Response to Root-Knot Nematode Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Zhang ◽  
Jie Tan ◽  
Shuping Huang ◽  
Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Plant Nematode

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), which belongs to the Solanaceae family, is an important vegetable crop. However, its production is severely threatened by root-knot nematodes (RKNs) in many countries. Solanum torvum, a wild relative of eggplant, is employed worldwide as rootstock for eggplant cultivation due to its resistance to soil-borne diseases such as RKNs. In this study, to identify the RKN defense mechanisms, the transcriptomic profiles of eggplant and Solanum torvum were compared. A total of 5360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for the response to RKN infection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the processes of response to stimulus, protein phosphorylation, hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Many phytohormone-related genes and transcription factors (MYB, WRKY, and NAC) were differentially expressed at the four time points (ck, 7, 14, and 28 days post-infection). The abscisic acid signaling pathway might be involved in plant-nematode interactions. qRT-PCR validated the expression levels of some of the DEGs in eggplant. These findings demonstrate the nematode-induced expression profiles and provide some insights into the nematode resistance mechanism in eggplant.

Effect of Cu stress on the invertase activity and root growth in two populations ofRumex dentatusL. with different Cu tolerance

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Huang ◽  
Zhi‐Ting Xiong ◽  
Ling‐Peng Dai ◽  
Jing‐Qing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Cu Stress ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Cu Tolerance

Reactions of lines of Phaseolus atropurpureus to four species of root-knot nematode

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
EM Hutton ◽  
WT Williams ◽  
LB Beall
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

In each of two years the reactions of 36 lines of Phaseolus atropurpureus to the four root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita, and M. javanica were studied. Seven of the experimental lines were common to the two years. Two known susceptible species, Phaseolus lathyroides and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato cv. Grosse Lisse), were used as controls. Four macroscopic and four microscopic reactions were recorded on each occasion, and the results analysed. Resistance to the four nematodes was present in all lines of P. atropurpureus. There was also evidence of differential resistance between lines; some showed increased resistance to all nematodes except M. hapla, and others showed both increased susceptibility to M. hapla and increased resistance to M. javanica. The severity of attack on thc controls was significantly less in the second ycar. Several explanations for this are advanced.

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