Field performance of tomato varieties resistant to root-knot nematodes

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling ◽  
MF Wachtel
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The performance of 15 potentially useful nematode-resistant tomato varieties (Ace Hy, Better Boy, Bigset, Bonus, Calmart, Magnifico, Monte Carlo, Patriot, Red Supreme, Rich Reward, Surprise, Terrific, VFN Bush, VFN 8 and Vine Ripe) was assessed in field trials at Loveday and Loxton, South Australia. All varieties showed some nematode resistance when grown in sites heavily infested with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) and most produced yields which were not significantly less than the commonly used susceptible varieties (Burnley Gem, Floradade, Grosse Lisse and Q3) grown in soil treated with nematicides. However, the nematode-resistant varieties were of limited value commercially because the fruit was either susceptible to cracking or too soft to be transported long distances. In glasshouse tests, biotypes of root-knot nematode capable of attacking resistant varieties were not observed. All resistant varieties exhibited resistance against populations of M. javanica from grape, peach, sweet corn, tomato (variety Floradade), tomato (variety VFN Bush), and against field populations of Meloidogyne from both resistant and susceptible tomato varieties. These results suggest that agronomically acceptable nematode-resistant varieties would be useful in management programs to control root-knot nematodes in the Murray Valley.

Resistance and tolerance of grape rootstocks to South Australian populations of root-knot nematode

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling ◽  
RM Cirami
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Two Populations

Twenty-three grape rootstocks and four commercial varieties were screened in pots for resistance to populations of root-knot nematode from the Barossa Valley, Riverland and Southern Vales regions of South Australia. Four species (Meloidogyne arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica) were present in the Barossa Valley population, while the other two populations contained only M. hapla and M. javanica. The Barossa Valley population multiplied better and produced more galls than the other populations, but the resistance of each rootstock relative to others was similar for all three nematode populations. The most resistant rootstocks were Ramsey, Dog Ridge, Freedom, Schwarzmann, 16 16, K51-32 and K51-40. Rootstocks with high or moderate nematode resistance in pots also showed good resistance in three field trials. The tolerance of each rootstock to root-knot nematode was evaluated by comparing root growth in the presence and absence of the nematode. Rootstocks with the best nematode resistance were also the most tolerant. Although variations in pathogenicity are often observed between species of Meloidogyne and within populations of the same species, we concluded that nematode resistant grape rootstocks would be useful against the range of pathogenic variation in the nematode likely to be encountered in South Australia.

scholarly journals Screening Selected Solanum Plants as Potential Rootstocks for the Management of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Okorley ◽  
Charles Agyeman ◽  
Naalamle Amissah ◽  
Seloame T. Nyaku
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Loss Resistance ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Field Experimentation ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) represent agricultural pest of many economic crops, including tomatoes and potatoes. They advance a complex parasitic relationship with roots of tomato plants leading to modification of host structural and physiological functions in addition to significant yield loss. Resistance in solanaceous plants to RKNs has been identified and associated with the possession of Mi gene. The reaction of four Solanum rootstocks (S. aethiopicum L., S. macrocarpon L., S. lycopersicum L.“Mongal F1,” and S. lycopersicum L. “Samrudhi F1”) was evaluated in pots and in a natural Meloidogyne spp.-infested field in a two-year trial (2015–2016), to identify RKN-resistant rootstock(s), which can be utilized in tomato grafting as a management measure against these nematodes. A rootstock’s reaction to RKNs was assessed using root gall scores (GSs), egg count/g of root, and reproductive factors (Rfs) at the end of 6 and 12 weeks after transplanting (wat) in infested fields, respectively. Solanum macrocarpon, S. aethiopicum, and Mongal F1 showed tolerant responses with reduced root galling and low to high reproductive factors in pot and field experimentation. Although Samrudhi F1 was resistant in both pot and field trials and consistently decreased nematode root galling (<1.00) and reproduction (Rf < 1.00), it failed to significantly increase yield, as compared with the highest yield obtained by the tolerant rootstock, Mongal F1 (870.3 and 1236.6 g/plant, respectively). Evaluation of the four rootstocks against four (0, 500, 1,000, and 5000) RKN inocula levels (Juveniles) showed no significant differences among the growth parameters (fresh and dry shoot and root weights). Root-knot nematode-susceptible tomato varieties, for example, Pectomech F1, a popular tomato variety in Ghana, can be grafted onto the RKN-resistant and RKN-tolerant rootstocks for increased yields.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of the Mi-1.2 Gene from Tomato Confers Resistance Against Nematodes but Not Aphids in Eggplant

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona L. Goggin ◽  
Lingling Jia ◽  
Gowri Shah ◽  
Stephanie Hebert ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Tomato Line ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The Mi-1.2 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a member of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) class of plant resistance genes, and confers resistance against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Mi-1.2 mediates a rapid local defensive response at the site of infection, although the signaling and defensive pathways required for resistance are largely unknown. In this study, eggplant (S. melongena) was transformed with Mi-1.2 to determine whether this gene can function in a genetic background other than tomato. Eggplants that carried Mi-1.2 displayed resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica but were fully susceptible to the potato aphid, whereas a susceptible tomato line transformed with the same transgene was resistant to nematodes and aphids. This study shows that Mi-1.2 can confer nematode resistance in another Solanaceous species. It also indicates that the requirements for Mi-mediated aphid and nematode resistance differ. Potentially, aphid resistance requires additional genes that are not conserved between tomato and eggplant.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Neem, Tithonia and Tephrosia Leaf Extracts in Management of Root-Knot Nematodes in French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Joshua K. Njenga ◽  
Geofrey K. Gathungu ◽  
Jesca N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Concentration Levels

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a major problem in French bean production within the smallholder farming systems. Control of root-knot using synthetic nematicides is not viable due to environmental concerns relating to their toxic residues. There is need to develop alternative control options that will promote soil health and reduce parasitic nematode densities. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea) leaf extracts in management of root-knot. Controlled lath house and field trials were conducted where the treatments were extracts from Neem, Tithonia and Tephrosia at different concentration levels of 25 ml/L, 50 ml/L and 100 ml/L). Vydate (Oxamyl 10%) a synthetic nematicide served as a standard positive control while treatments with no extracts application and no nematode application served as negative controls. The treatments in the lath house were arranged in completely randomized design while the field trials were arranged in randomized complete block design. Fench beans were planted on nematode infested soils and data on root galling indices and yield components was collected. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance and significantly different means separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range Test at P=0.05. The extracts evaluated reduced root galling with their efficacy being similar to that of Vydate® (Oxamyl 10%) which was used as a positive control. Neem extracts treatments had the lowest mean galling index of the extracts, followed by Tithonia. Root-knot nematode galling indices were highest in the untreated control at 10 both in trial I and trial II. Treatment trials from Neem and Tithonia at concentration levels of 100 ml/L resulted in highest yield of French beans while yield from the untreated plants were the lowest. The results indicate extracts can be adopted to suppress root-knot nematodes.

Nematode resistance: A useful tool for root-knot nematode (RKN) management in tomato.

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (5) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Homan Regmi ◽  
Johan Desaeger
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Soil Pests ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
The Many

Tomatoes are a major commodity in Florida, with an estimated production value of $453 million. Among the many pests and diseases that affect tomatoes, nematodes are one of the major problems. Since the ban on methyl bromide, these ubiquitous soil pests have become much more difficult to manage. This 5-page fact sheet written by Homan Regmi and Johan Desaeger and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department discusses the use of nematode-resistant tomato cultivars as a tool to help manage root-knot nematodes in Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1250

Greenhouse and field resistance in cucumber to root-knot nematodes

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alan Walters ◽  
Todd C. Wehner ◽  
Kenneth R. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Multiple Root ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Race 2

Abstract Ten cultigens were evaluated for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica under greenhouse and field conditions. Resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica was verified in Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii line LJ 90430 and to M. arenaria race 2 in C. sativus var. sativus Southern Pickler and Mincu in a greenhouse test. Another cultigen of C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) was found to be resistant to M. arenaria race 2 but not to other root-knot nematode species tested. LJ 90430 is the cultigen of choice to develop root-knot nematode resistant cucumbers, since it has multiple root-knot nematode resistance and is cross-compatible with cucumber. Greenhouse and field data were positively correlated (r = 0.74) over both years. Experiment repeatabilities were calculated from the cultigens infected with root-knot nematodes under both greenhouse and field conditions. Four environments (greenhouse and field over 2 years) were used in the analysis. Repeatabilities were high in all instances (ranging from 0.83-0.99) and indicated that the environment (field or greenhouse) was not an important factor in assessing root-knot nematode resistance for the cultigens evaluated. Resistenz von Gurkengegen Wurzelgallennematoden im Gewachshaus undim Freiland - Unter Gewachshausund Freilandbedingungen wurden zehn Cultigene auf ihre Resistenz gegen Meloidogyne arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 und gegen M. javanica gepruft. Bei Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii Linie LJ 90430 wurde im Gewachshausversuch Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rassen 1 und 2 sowie gegen M. javanica nachgewiesen, und in C. sativus var. sativus "Southern Pickler" und "Mincu" Resistenz gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2. Cultigen C. sativus var. hardwickii (PI 215589) war resistent gegen M. arenaria Rasse 2 aber nicht gegen die anderen gepruften Arten von Wurzelgallennematoden. LJ 90430 ist das Cultigen der Wahl bei der Entwicklung von Gurken, die gegen Wurzelgallennematoden resistent sind, da es multiple Resistenzen gegen Wurzelgallennematoden besitzt und kreuzungsvertraglich mit Gurke ist. Die Ergebnisse der Gewachshaus- und Feldversuche waren uber beide Versuchsjahre hin positiv korreliert (r = 0,74). Ausgehend von den Cultigenen, die im Gewachshaus und im Freiland mit Wurzelgallennematoden infiziert waren, wurden die Wiederholbarkeiten der Versuche berechnet. Dabei wurden vier verschiedene Umweltbedingungen (Gewachshaus und Freiland uber zwei Jahre) verwendet. Die Wiederholbarkeiten waren in allen Fallen hoch (0,83-0,99) und zeigten an, dass die Umwelt (Freiland oder Gewachshaus) kein wichtiger Faktor bei der Bestimmung der Resistenz gegen Wurzelgallennematoden bei den gepruften Cultigenen war.

scholarly journals The Root-Knot Nematode Resistance Gene Mi-1.2 of Tomato Is Responsible for Resistance Against the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Nombela ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson ◽  
Mariano Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance Gene ◽  
Tomato Gene ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

The tomato gene Mi-1.2 confers resistance against root-knot nematodes and some isolates of potato aphid. Resistance to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci previously has been observed in Mi-bearing commercial tomato cultivars, suggesting that Mi, or a closely linked gene, is responsible for the resistance. The response of two biotypes of B. tabaci to tomato carrying the cloned Mi was compared with that of the isogenic untransformed tomato line Moneymaker. Our results indicate that Mi-1.2 is responsible for the resistance in tomato plants to both B- and Q- biotypes. Mi-1.2 is unique among characterized resistance genes in its activity against three very different organisms (root-knot nematodes, aphids, and whiteflies). These pests are among the most important on tomato crops worldwide, making Mi a valuable resource in integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Root-knot Nematode Resistance in Capsicum chinense: Development of Resistant Habanero-type Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 766B-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery* ◽  
Judy A. Thies
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Resistance Gene ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are major pests of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in the United States, and parasitism of susceptible plants can result in severe yield losses. Although cultivars belonging to the species C. annuum account for most of the peppers grown in the United States. Habanero-type cultivars belonging to the species C. chinense are becoming increasingly popular. Unfortunately, all commercial Habanero-type cultivars are susceptible to root-knot nematodes. In 1997, the USDA released three C. chinense germplasm lines that exhibit high levels of resistance to root-knot nematodes. The resistance in these lines is conditioned by a single dominant gene, and this gene conditions resistance to the southern root-knot nematode (M. incognita), the peanut root-knot nematode (M. arenaria race 1), and the tropical root-knot nematode (M. javanica). A recurrent backcross breeding procedure has been used to transfer the C. chinense root-knot nematode resistance gene in Habanero-type germplasm. Several root-knot nematode resistant, Habanero-type candidate cultivars have been developed. Each of these Habanero-type candidate cultivars has a compact plant habit and produces a high yield of orange-colored, lantern-shaped fruit.

scholarly journals Response of Bell Pepper Cultivars Near-isogenic for the N Gene to Meloidogyne incognita in Field Trials

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1394-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
John D. Mueller ◽  
Gilbert Miller ◽  
Joseph Varne
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fresh Root

Resistance of two sets of bell pepper [(Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (Grossum Group)] cultivars near-isogenic for the N gene that conditions resistance to root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne incognita (Chitwood) Kofoid and White, M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood] was evaluated in field tests at Blackville, S.C. and Charleston, S.C. The isogenic bell pepper sets were `Charleston Belle' (NN) and `Keystone Resistant Giant' (nn), and `Carolina Wonder' (NN) and `Yolo Wonder B' (nn). The resistant cultivars Charleston Belle and Carolina Wonder were highly resistant; root galling was minimal for both cultivars at both test sites. The susceptible cultivars Keystone Resistant Giant and Yolo Wonder B were highly susceptible; root galling was severe at both test sites. `Charleston Belle' had 96.9% fewer eggs per g fresh root than `Keystone Resistant Giant', and `Carolina Wonder' had 98.3% fewer eggs per g fresh root than `Yolo Wonder B' (averaged over both test sites). `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' exhibited a high level of resistance in field studies at both sites. These results demonstrate that resistance conferred by the N gene for root-knot nematode resistance is effective in field-planted bell pepper. Root-knot nematode resistant bell peppers should provide economical and environmentally compatible alternatives to methyl bromide and other nematicides for managing M. incognita.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Is Part of the Mi-1-Mediated Defense Response to Root-Knot Nematode in Tomato

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Branch ◽  
Chin-Feng Hwang ◽  
Duroy A. Navarre ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Bacterial Enzyme ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The Mi-1 gene of tomato confers resistance against three species of root-knot nematode in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Transformation of tomato carrying Mi-1 with a construct expressing NahG, which encodes salicylate hydroxylase, a bacterial enzyme that degrades salicylic acid (SA) to catechol, results in partial loss of resistance to root-knot nematodes. Exogenous SA was toxic to roots expressing NahG but not to control roots. This toxicity is most likely due to the production of catechol from SA, and we report here that 100 μM catechol is toxic to tomato roots. Benzothiadiazole, a SA analog, completely restores nematode resistance in Mi-1 roots transformed with NahG but does not confer resistance to susceptible tomato roots. The localized cell death produced by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana of Mi-DS4, a constitutively lethal chimera of Mi-1 with one of its homologs, was prevented by coexpression of NahG. These results indicate that SA is an important component of the signaling that leads to nematode resistance and the associated hypersensitive response.

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