A standard technique for detecting seed-borne pathogens in peas, chemical control, and testing commercial seed in South Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
J Paterson ◽  
J Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Pea Seed

A modified agar plate method was tested for its ability to detect Ascochyta pinodes, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma medicaginis var. Pinodella and Fusarium oxysporum on pea seed. It proved to be reliable. The characteristic colonies produced by the four pathogens from infected seeds on agar media are described. They were confirmed by microscopic examination. The method was used in a survey of 214 samples of commercial field pea seed from all parts of South Australia. Ninety per cent of samples had infection with A. pinodes with levels of infection ranging from 1-45%, making it the most important seed-borne pathogen. Seventy-two per cent of seed samples were infected with M. phaseolina with levels of infection ranging from 1-35%. Thirty-one and 24% of seed samples were infected with Phoma medicaginis and F. oxysporum, respectively. Only 10% of samples were free from infection. Two chemicals (benlate and thiram) were tested for in vitro control of these seed-borne pathogens. Complete control was achieved by thiram and benlate at both high and low dose rates.

A standard technique for detecting seed transmitted Phomopsis leptostromiformis of lupins and for testing commercial seed in South Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (116) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
J Paterson ◽  
J Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Commercial Seed ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Agar Media

A standard agar plate method was tested for its ability to detect Phomopsis leptostromiformis on lupin seed. It proved to be reliable. The 95% confidence intervals of Phomopsis level of five seed samples were 13.2-1 5.8, 13.2-1 5.5, 15.4-1 7.9, 13.2-1 4.8 and 15.6-1 8.0. The characteristic colony produced by Phomopsis infected seeds on agar media was confirmed by microscopic examination for accuracy of detection and no exception was observed. The method is described in detail. The method was then used in a two year survey of 160 samples of commercial lupin seed from all parts of South Australia. The percentage of seed infected in these samples ranged from 0-20% and only 13% of the samples were free of P. leptostromiformis.

Selection of pea lines for resistance to pathotypes of Ascochyta pinodes, A. pisi and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
LF Nitschke ◽  
AJ Dube ◽  
MR Krause ◽  
B Cameron
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Selection Of

The pathogenicity of 45 isolates of Ascochyta pinodes, Ascochyta pisi and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella collected in South Australia has been examined on selected pea lines. Twenty-six isolates of A. pinodes were differentiated into 15 pathotypes, 15 isolates of A. pisi were differentiated into 13 pathotypes, and four isolates of P. medicaginis var. pinodella into one pathotype. Adequate sources of resistance were identified against all the pathotypes excepting pathotypes 1 of A. pinodes and A. pisi. The necessity to breed for broadly based resistance to Ascochyta species is discussed.

scholarly journals EANM position paper on the role of radiobiology in nuclear medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Aerts ◽  
Uta Eberlein ◽  
Sören Holm ◽  
Roland Hustinx ◽  
Mark Konijnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Added Value ◽  
External Irradiation ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Medical Physicists ◽  
Radiation Induced

Executive SummaryWith an increasing variety of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic nuclear medicine as valuable diagnostic or treatment option, radiobiology plays an important role in supporting optimizations. This comprises particularly safety and efficacy of radionuclide therapies, specifically tailored to each patient. As absorbed dose rates and absorbed dose distributions in space and time are very different between external irradiation and systemic radionuclide exposure, distinct radiation-induced biological responses are expected in nuclear medicine, which need to be explored. This calls for a dedicated nuclear medicine radiobiology. Radiobiology findings and absorbed dose measurements will enable an improved estimation and prediction of efficacy and adverse effects. Moreover, a better understanding on the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying tumor and normal tissue responses will help to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as biomarkers for treatment follow-up. In addition, radiobiology can form the basis for the development of radiosensitizing strategies and radioprotectant agents. Thus, EANM believes that, beyond in vitro and preclinical evaluations, radiobiology will bring important added value to clinical studies and to clinical teams. Therefore, EANM strongly supports active collaboration between radiochemists, radiopharmacists, radiobiologists, medical physicists, and physicians to foster research toward precision nuclear medicine.

Bacterial chemotaxis to fungal propagules in vitro and in soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Arora ◽  
A. B. Filonow ◽  
J. L. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Bacterial Chemotaxis ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Erwinia Herbicola ◽  
Cochliobolus Victoriae ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Loam Soil

Erwinia herbicola, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and P. putida were strongly attracted in vitro to substances exuded by conidia of Cochliobolus victoriae and sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina, but not to phosphate buffer solution. Numbers of bacteria attracted to propagules of C. victoriae or M. phaseolina in an unsterilized sandy loam soil were significantly (P = 0.05) greater than background populations occurring in soil saturated with buffer. Chemotactic response was greater to C. victoriae than to M. phaseolina both in vitro and in soil. Results suggest that living fungal propagules may act as attractants for motile bacteria in soil.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of arsenic resistant soil bacteria and their effects on germination of rice under arsenic contamination

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Istiaq Ahmed ◽  
Md Tofazzal Islam ◽  
Md Akhter Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Md Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Resistant Strains

This study was carried out to isolate, screen and characterize arsenic (As) resistant bacteria from As contaminated soils of Dumrakandi and Matlab under Faridpur and Chandpur districts and to evaluate their efficiency in reducing As toxicity against rice seedlings during germination. Thirteen strains were isolated from the soils which showed resistance to different levels of sodium arsenite (viz. 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM) in both agar plate and broth assay using BSMY I media. Among the isolates, BTL0011, BTL0012, BTL0015 and BTL0022 showed highest resistance to 40 mM sodium arsenite. Gram staining and KOH solubility test revealed that five strains were gram positive and rest eight was gram negative. They grew well in the liquid media at pH 5.5 to 8.5. In-vitro rice seedling bioassay with two superior isolates (BTL0011 and BTL0022) revealed that As resistant strains significantly enhanced seed germination of BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan47 at 60 ppm As. This study was laid out in CRD with three replications. The performance of BTL 0022 was superior to BTL0011. The overall results suggest that BTL0011 and BTL0022 can be used for bioremediation of As contaminated soils and to increase the germination and seedling growth of rice in As contaminated soils.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 229-237, August 2015

scholarly journals EXTRACTION, ISOLATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ESSENTIAL OIL FROM SYZYGIUM JAMBOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Mosad Ahmed Ghareeb ◽  
Manal Mortady Hamed ◽  
Abdel-aleem Hassan Abdel-aleem ◽  
Amal Mohamed Saad ◽  
Mohamed Sayed Abdel-aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Syzygium Jambos ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Total Oil

Objectives: Over the past few decades, phenolic compounds become important due to it has been associated with protection against different diseasesand sensory point of vision. Hence, at the present study, there has been a growing interest to carry out structural elucidation and characterization ofthe pure isolates from Syzygium jambos.Methods: S. jambos dried powder leaves were extracted by soaking in 85% methanol solvent at room temperature 25±2°C. The antioxidative activityof the isolates was assessed according to 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdenum assays.Results: A total of 8 compounds were isolated from the n-butanol extract of S. jambos (Family Myrtaceae) plant, they were identified as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (1), prenylbenzoic acid 4-β-D-glucoside (2), morolic acid 3-O-caffeate (3), 5,4’-dihydroxy, 7-methoxy, 6-methyl-flavone (4),3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (5), quercetin (6), isoetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), and (4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxyphenol-β-D-[6-O-(4”-hydroxy-3”,5”-dimethoxylbenzoate)] glucopyranoside) (8). Compounds 5 and 6 showed the most radical scavengers among the tested compounds with SC50 values of5.50 and 4.30 μg/ml, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid as standard and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values of 605.0 and 680.59 mg ascorbicacid equivalent/g compound, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial activities of the isolated compounds were tested using disc agar plate method againstfour pathogenic microbial strains including Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeast with inhibition zones from 9 to 19 mm. Gas chromatographymassspectrometry analysis for the essential oil provides twenty four identified components representing 92% of its total oil composition.Conclusion: The results supported that S. jambos could be attributed to sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial applications.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicum Leaves: An In vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
M. Binigha ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi ◽  
J. Selavaraj ◽  
A. Jothi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abutilon Indicum

Tecoma stans is a flowering plant belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is the floral emblem of the Bahamas. Abutilon indicum belongs to the family Malvaceae. It is also called Indian Mallow. Tecoma stans and Abutilon indicumhave antimicrobial activity and can be used in producing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to produce new antibiotics as there is an increase in the development of pathogen resistant drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Tecoma stansand Abutilonindicum leaves. E.faecalis bacteria were maintained in nutrient agar slopes. The powder of the two herbs, were subjected to extraction by Soxhlet extractor and was concentrated to dry residue by Agar well diffusion method. The nutrient broth was inoculated with bacterial strains. The culture was adjusted to 0.5McFarland turbidity standard. Lawn culture was done in Muller-Hinton agar plate and then the plates were dried. A 6 mm diameter well is bored for different concentrations. The extracts were introduced into the well and allowed to stand for 24 hrs. The antibacterial activity was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition. The present finding on the antimicrobial potential of Abutilon indicum and Tecoma stands showed that the two plants have growth inhibitory activity against oral pathogen E. faecalis. Abutilon indicum has a zone of inhibition greater than Tecoma stans. Abutilon indicum exhibited better activity compared to Tecoma stans.

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