Selection of pea lines for resistance to pathotypes of Ascochyta pinodes, A. pisi and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
LF Nitschke ◽  
AJ Dube ◽  
MR Krause ◽  
B Cameron
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Selection Of

The pathogenicity of 45 isolates of Ascochyta pinodes, Ascochyta pisi and Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella collected in South Australia has been examined on selected pea lines. Twenty-six isolates of A. pinodes were differentiated into 15 pathotypes, 15 isolates of A. pisi were differentiated into 13 pathotypes, and four isolates of P. medicaginis var. pinodella into one pathotype. Adequate sources of resistance were identified against all the pathotypes excepting pathotypes 1 of A. pinodes and A. pisi. The necessity to breed for broadly based resistance to Ascochyta species is discussed.

A standard technique for detecting seed-borne pathogens in peas, chemical control, and testing commercial seed in South Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali ◽  
J Paterson ◽  
J Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Phoma Medicaginis ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Pea Seed

A modified agar plate method was tested for its ability to detect Ascochyta pinodes, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phoma medicaginis var. Pinodella and Fusarium oxysporum on pea seed. It proved to be reliable. The characteristic colonies produced by the four pathogens from infected seeds on agar media are described. They were confirmed by microscopic examination. The method was used in a survey of 214 samples of commercial field pea seed from all parts of South Australia. Ninety per cent of samples had infection with A. pinodes with levels of infection ranging from 1-45%, making it the most important seed-borne pathogen. Seventy-two per cent of seed samples were infected with M. phaseolina with levels of infection ranging from 1-35%. Thirty-one and 24% of seed samples were infected with Phoma medicaginis and F. oxysporum, respectively. Only 10% of samples were free from infection. Two chemicals (benlate and thiram) were tested for in vitro control of these seed-borne pathogens. Complete control was achieved by thiram and benlate at both high and low dose rates.

Serological differentiation of the Ascochyta species on peas

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Madhosingh ◽  
V. R. Wallen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Serum ◽  
Complex Pattern ◽  
Serological Relationship ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Precipitation Reactions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Reactions

Specific immune serum against Ascochyta pisi was developed and three species-specific reactions were obtained by standard absorption techniques using extracts of both Ascochyta pinodella and Ascochyta pinodes. Ouchterlony tests showed a complex pattern of precipitation reactions in agar gel between the antigens from the three species and antisera developed in response to them and indicated distinct serological relationships among the three fungi. The pattern of reciprocal precipitin reactions indicates a closer serological relationship between A. pinodella and A. pinodes than between either of these two species and A. pisi. Two serologically similar antigenic components were present in the extracts from the three species.

The epidemiology and control of ascochyta blight in field peas: a review

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Bretag ◽  
P. J. Keane ◽  
T. V. Price
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Ascochyta blight is one of the most important diseases affecting field peas. The disease occurs in almost all pea-growing regions of the world and can cause significant crop losses when conditions are favourable for an epidemic. Here we review current knowledge of the epidemiology of the disease. Details are provided of disease symptoms, the disease cycle and the taxonomy of the causal fungi, Ascochyta pisi, Mycosphaerella pinodes and Phoma pinodella. The importance of seed-, soil- and air-borne inoculum is discussed along with the factors that influence survival of the causal fungi in soil, on seed or associated with pea trash. Many studies have been reviewed to establish how the fungi responsible for the disease survives from year to year, how the disease becomes established in new crops and the conditions that favour disease development. Evidence is provided that crop rotation, destruction of infected pea trash and chemical seed treatments can significantly reduce the amount of primary inoculum. Later sowing of crops has been shown to reduce the incidence and severity of disease. Fungicides have been used successfully to control the disease, although the cost of their application can significantly reduce the profitability of the crop. The best long-term strategy for effective disease control appears to be the development of ascochyta blight resistant pea varieties. Reports of physiological specialisation in ascochyta blight fungi are also documented. Despite extensive screening of germplasm, relatively few sources of resistance to ascochyta blight fungi have been found in Pisum sativum. However, the discovery of much better sources of resistance in closely related species and the development of advanced breeding methods offer new possibilities for developing useful resistance.

SELECTING THE WINNING BID

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
E. Alexander ◽  
J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Single Target ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Selection Of

Work program bidding is established as the favoured method of allocating petroleum exploration tenements in offshore Australian waters and most of onshore Australia. However, the selection of winning bids can be complicated by the ranking of 2D versus 3D seismic, seismic versus drilling, program timing issues etc. On occasion the selection of the winning bids has been contentious. This paper summarises the process developed by the Petroleum Group in South Australia to select the winning work program bids for prospective onshore blocks for which bids have been gazetted. No other Australian jurisdiction has yet publicly released their detailed bid assessment processes.Onshore acreage releases with work program bidding have been used in South Australia since the 1980s by Petroleum Group to:focus industry onto specific prospective areas of the State (e.g. the Cooper Basin post expiry of PELs 5 and 6 in 1999); maximise exploration commitments; and achieve competition policy.The South Australian Petroleum Act 2000 allows cash or work program bidding to be used depending on the acreage. Acreage releases are announced by Ministerial press release. Associated clear bid assessment criteria are published together with promotional material to aid applicants. The date and time for close of bidding are also established, usually allowing a 6–9 month acreage evaluation period, the timeframe depending on the volume of data involved, i.e. the exploration maturity of the area.Applications received as a result of a gazettal process (i.e. competing bids) are assessed by a process designed to ensure probity and to achieve the over-arching aim of the bidding process i.e. the suitability of the applicants proposed work program for evaluating the prospectivity of the licence area and discovering petroleum.A scoring system has been developed which establishes, for each bid what is effectively a risked net present value in well equivalents. In this system, guaranteed work scores higher than non-guaranteed work; early work scores higher than later work; wells with multiple targets are scored higher than single target wells; 2D and 3D seismic and other exploration activity is converted into well equivalents; and loading of the later, non-guaranteed years of work programs are heavily discounted.The scoring system may also take into account differences in the amount and density of exploration data and minor variations may be made to the system to take this into account. It is intended that details of the scoring system to be used in bid assessment will be published each time bids are sought to ensure transparency and a level playing field.Comparisons are made with acreage management philosophy and processes used by other regulatory regimes in Australia and internationally.

A Selection of Children's Songs from Ooldea, Western South Australia.

Mankind ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 423-434
Author(s):  
M. Berndt ◽  
Catherine Berndt
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Children's Songs ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals RESISTANCE TO LATE BLIGHT OF POTATO CLONES IN SEGREGATING HYBRID POPULATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
N. M. Zoteyeva
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Industry ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Segregating Population ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato ◽  
Selection Of

Late blight remains among the main problems of potato industry. Interspecific hybridization with the wild Solanum species is an efficient way to increase the resistance to this disease, though is accompanied with negative traits. To solve this problem, new sources of resistance, including resistant breeding clones with improved agronomic characteristics, are needed. In the present study, we investigated resistance of three hybrid populations derived from crossesbreeding of resistant original clone SW93-1015×adg with susceptible cultivars: ‘Аurora’, ‘Desirée’ and ‘Valor’. High predominance of the resistant plants was found among the hybrids (SW93-1015×adg)×Aurora and (SW93-1015×adg)בDesirée’. The numbers of resistant and susceptible plants within hybrid Valor’×(SW93-1015×adg) were almost equal. Results showed the efficiency of clone SW93-1015×adg as the late blight resistance source. Within each segregating population, the selection of resistant clones was possible. Clone SW93-1015×adg can be used in breeding programs for the hybridization with susceptible cultivars characterized by other useful characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Pre-selection of New Grapevine Genotypes Resistant to Downy and Powdery Mildew, Obtained by Cross-Breeding Programs in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Ruiz-García ◽  
Pilar Gago ◽  
Celia Martínez-Mora ◽  
José Luis Santiago ◽  
Diego J. Fernádez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Selection Of

The need to develop an environmentally friendly, sustainable viticulture model has led to numerous grapevine improvement programmes aiming to increase resistance to downy and powdery mildew. The success of such programmes relies on the availability of protocols that can quantify the resistance/susceptibility of new genotypes, and on the existence of molecular markers of resistance loci that can aid in the selection process. The present work assesses the degree of phenotypic resistance/susceptibility to downy and powdery mildew of 28 new genotypes obtained from crosses between “Monastrell” and “Regent.” Three genotypes showed strong combined resistance, making them good candidates for future crosses with other sources of resistance to these diseases (pyramiding). In general, laboratory and glasshouse assessments of resistance at the phenotype level agreed with the resistance expected from the presence of resistance-associated alleles of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the loci Rpv3 and Ren3 (inherited from “Regent”), confirming their usefulness as indicators of likely resistance to downy and powdery mildew, respectively, particularly so for downy mildew.

scholarly journals Sidik Lintas Karakter Agronomi dan Ketahanan Hama Pengisap Polong terhadap Hasil Plasma Nutfah Kedelai

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Soybean Breeding ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Path Analysis of Agronomic Characters and Resistance to Pod Sucker Bug on Yield of Soybean Germplasm. Asadi. Soybean productivity was still low and unstable that commonly caused by pest attack and disease. Pod sucking insect pest is most serious pest of soybean that reduce seed production. Riptortus linearis is the most dominant pest of pod sucking bug of soybean. Planting of resistant variety is one of the biological control. To support the soybean breeding program for pod sucking pest resistance, the availability of sources of resistance genes is needed. Sources of resistance genes are obtained by evaluating and identifying of soybean germplasm. Based on soybean germplasm evaluation, it can be identified sources of resistance genes that can be used as the base material of soybean breeding programs for pod sucking pest resistance. How influence of independent variable (Xi) such as agronomic characters and resistance to pod sucking on seed yield as the dependent variable (Yi) of soybean germplasm, can be estimated by path analysis. By knowing the characters that influence the seed yield directly, so the character is going to be used for selection of soybean yield of germplasm. Based on 103 evaluations of soybean germplasm, as much as 5 accessions (B3778, B4400, B3802, B4176, and B2973) were identified as the resistant accessions, while accessions B4142, B4417 (Panderman), and the B3462 were most susceptible to pest of pod sucking bug. The seed size or pod size of soybean germplasm correlated positively and significantly on resistance to pod sucking bug. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the plant height (X3), and pod sucking bug attack (X7) significantly affect seed yield of soybean germplasm. The higher plant, the lower pod sucking bug attack, the higher soybean yield. Path analysis showed that plant high character (X3) affected the seed yield of soybean germplasm directly, indicating that the plant high character can be used for the selection of seed yield of soybean germplasm. Number of pods per plant (X5) by the effect of plant high (X3) affects the grain yield (Y) of soybean germplasm indirectly.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Produktivitas kedelai yang masih rendah dan beragam disebabkan antara lain oleh masih tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit. Pengisap polong tergolong hama utama yang cukup serius mempengaruhi hasil kedelai. Reptortus linearis merupakan hama yang paling dominan menyerang tanaman kedelai. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan salah satu cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Untuk mendukung program pemuliaan kedelai terhadap ketahanan hama pengisap polong, ketersediaan sumber gen tahan sangat diperlukan. Sumber gen tahan diperoleh dengan cara mengevaluasi dan mengidentifikasi sejumlah plasma nutfah kedelai yang tersedia. Dari hasil evaluasi diharapkan akan teridentifikasi sumber gen tahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar untuk program pemuliaan kedelai terhadap ketahanan hama pengisap polong. Sebarapa jauh pengaruh karakter agronomi dan ketahanan terhadap hama pengisap polong sebagai variabel bebas (Xi) terhadap hasil biji sebagai variabel tak bebas (Yi) pada plasma nutfah kedelai dapat diketahui melalui analisis lintasan. Dengan mengetahui karakter yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap hasil, maka karakter tersebut dapat digunakan untuk seleksi terhadap hasil kedelai. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi 103 plasma nutfah kedelai, sebanyak lima aksesi telah diidentifikasi (B3778, B4400, B3802, B4176, dan B2973) sebagai aksesi yang tahan, sedangkan aksesi B4142, B4417 (Panderman), dan B3462 termasuk paling rentan terhadap hama pengisap polong. Ukuran biji yang dicerminkan oleh besarnya polong berkorelasi positif dan nyata dengan kerentanan terhadap hama pengisap polong. Analisis regresi berganda mengindikasikan bahwa tinggi tanaman (X3) dan tingkat serangan hama pengisap polong (X7) berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil biji kedelai. Semakin tinggi tanaman dan semakin rendah serangan hama pengisap polong maka semakin tinggi hasil. Analisis sidik lintas menunjukkan bahwa sumbangan tinggi tanaman (X3) besar dalam menentukan hasil (Y). Artinya, karakter tinggi tanaman dapat digunakan untuk seleksi terhadap hasil biji kedelai. Jumlah polong per tanaman (X5) tidak langsung menentukan hasil biji (Y) kedelai dengan adanya peran tinggi tanaman (X3).</p>

scholarly journals CAHE Outcomes Calculator: An Allied Health Initiative to Improve Practice

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Grimmer ◽  
Andrea Bialocerkowski ◽  
Steven Milanese ◽  
Saravana Kumar ◽  
Barrie Mulley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Episode Of Care ◽  
Community Norms ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Care Approach ◽  
Selection Of

This paper reports on the process of developing a low-cost initiative for therapists to assist in the collection and evaluation of information on outcome of care, using a selection of standard health outcome measures. An episode of care approach has been taken, in which repeated measures of outcome can be collected whenever the patient presents for treatment for a specific condition. The MS Access-based software is available for download free of charge on the website of the Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia (CAHE Outcomes Calculator). The calculator currently incorporates common measures of outcome for musculoskeletal problems, focusing mainly on spinal conditions. These measures have well established psychometric properties, readily understood metrics, available baselines and community norms, and established clinical and research utility. Change in outcome is reported graphically, and also using raw scores and percentage change from baseline. An accompanying manual provides background reference material, the formulae used in the calculator for determining change, and an example of each instrument for use in the clinical setting. Feedback from therapists around the world who have downloaded the calculator to date indicate that it is practical, simple and has assisted them to evaluate their practice.

scholarly journals Morphological and Genotypic Characterization of Fungi Associated with the Ascochyta Blight Complex in Western Regions of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
A. Tadja
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Ascochyta Pinodes ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Ascochyta Pisi

The study is conducted in two growing areas of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) in northwestern Algeria. Damages caused by Ascochyta sp complex are important in particular for the variety of Kelvedon Wonder. Observations carried out on the infected plants for several years, indicate the presence of superimposed necrosis of different sizes on all aerial organs. However, these observations do not differentiate symptoms by species. The results of morphological and molecular characterization with sequencing in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and inoculation tests on 32 isolates in the laboratory of symbiosis and plant pathology from Toulouse (France), show a reconciliation of the sequencing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products and size necrosis for all Ascochyta pinodes and pinodella. Alone, Ascochyta pisi is distinguished by a smaller size necrosis. On the molecular level, all isolates whose ITS regions were amplified by PCR, expresses similar size products (550 bp). This molecular weight is found on a large set of pathogenic fungi. The three species of Ascochyta sp complex do not exhibit polymorphism for Pisum sativum species and have an identical molecular weight. The pathogenicity tests performed showed differences in aggressiveness on the host plant. Ascochyta pinodes is the most aggressive than the other two species. As a result, it causes more damage to the crop.

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