The relation between mating activity of rams in pens and subsequent flock mating performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Kilgour ◽  
RG Whale
Keyword(s):  
Mating Test ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mating Tests ◽  
Mating Performance

The serving activity of seven rams in one 20-minute pen mating test followed by two one-hour pen mating tests was recorded. The mating performance of each ram during a single-sire flock mating was subsequently monitored. Mean number of services in the two one-hour pen tests gave the best prediction of the number of ewes inseminated during flock mating (r = 0.88, P < 0.01). The number of services in the 20-minute test gave a poor prediction of the number of ewes inseminated (r = 0.30). The total number of services during the first 20-minutes of the two one-hour tests (2x20-minute tally), the number of services during the 20-minute test and the first 20 minutes of the first one-hour test (2 x 20-minute tally) and the number of services during the 20-minute test and the first 20 minutes of the two one-hour tests (3x20-minute tally) were only moderately correlated with number of ewes inseminated (r = 0.67, r = 0.47 and r = 0.64, respectively). These results explain why other workers, using combinations of 20-minute tests, have failed to demonstrate a relationship between pen mating tests and flock fertility. The results further show that a measure of the serving activity of rams in pens can be used to identify rams that are capable of mating large numbers of ewes, and that the development of a commercially applicable test is worthwhile.

Mating biology in Peniophora cinerea (Basidiomycetes)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1758-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Hallenberg ◽  
Ellen Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Mating Test ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Insect Gall ◽  
Mating Biology ◽  
Mating Tests ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship ◽  
Sterility Barrier

Mating tests were performed to analyze the genetic relationship between two intersterile sibling species in Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cooke in Europe. Two newly collected specimens from North Europe were found to be compatible with both sibling species, which strongly suggests a close genetic relationship and a sterility barrier of simple genetic origin. The two sibling species, which differ in their substrate selectivity, are accepted as subspecies. One subspecies is restricted to decorticated wood of Fagus, and occasionally the fruit bodies are associated with insect galls. Intersterility was also found in some combinations with two other specimens from Canada and Turkey, but no linkage was found with a particular substrate. Specimens from Taiwan were found to be partially compatible with specimens from Europe, Turkey, and Canada. Distinct differences between the subspecies were found in banding patterns from isoelectric focusing of buffer-soluble mycelial proteins. It is proposed that the kind of intersterility found here is intraspecific and should be looked upon as part of a propagation strategy. Key words: speciation, evolution, Basidiomycetes, isoelectric focusing, insect gall, mating test.

scholarly journals The Specificity Determinant of the Y Mating-Type Proteins of Schizophyllum commune Is Also Essential for Y-Z Protein Binding

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changli Yue ◽  
Michael Osier ◽  
Charles P Novotny ◽  
Robert C Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Critical Residues ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Z Protein ◽  
Mating Tests

This paper concerns the manner in which combinatorial mating proteins of the fungus, Schizophyllum commune, recognize one another to form complexes that regulate target gene expression. In Schizophyllum, tightly linked Y and Z mating-type genes do not promote development in the combinations present in haploid strains (i.e., self combinations). When the Y and Z genes from two different mating types are brought together by the fusion of two haploid cells, the Y and Z proteins from different mating types recognize one another as nonself; form a complex and activate development. Several Y and Z alleles are present in the population and all nonself combinations of Y and Z alleles are equally functional. We have made chimeric genes among Y1, Y3, Y4 and Y5 and examined their mating-type specificities by transformation and mating tests. These studies show that the specificity of Y protein recognized by Z protein is encoded within a short region of N-terminal amino acids. The critical region is not precisely the same in each Y protein and in each Y-Z protein interaction. For Y3 protein compared with Y4 protein, the critical residues are in an N-terminal region of 56 amino acids (residues 17–72), with 40% identity and 65% similarity. Two-hybrid studies show that: the first 144 amino acids of Y4 protein are sufficient to bind Z3 and Z5 proteins, but not Z4 protein, and proteins deleted of the Y4 specificity region do not bind Z3, Z4 or Z5 protein. Thus the specificity determinant of the Y protein is essential for protein-protein recognition, Y-Z protein binding and mating activity.

The Breeding Behaviour and Migrations of the Terrestrial Crab Gecarcoidea natalis (Decapoda: Brachyura)

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
Gecarcoidea Natalis ◽  
Crab Stage

The breeding migrations of the Christmas Island red crab were monitored at plateau and shoreline locations from November 1979 to May 1983. Up to three migration sequences, each resulting in egg release, occurred each year in a breeding season lasting up to 3 months. In the main sequence migration from the plateau to the shore began at the onset of the wet season and lasted 9-18 days. On arrival at the sea, crabs immersed in salt water in large numbers before retreating to the shore terrace rainforest, where males fought over possession of burrows. Crabs courted and copulated near or in the burrows; they copulated in a hard-shell condition with the male generally underneath. At the conclusion of mating activity, males again dipped in salt water before returning to the plateau. Females remained in burrows on the shore terrace for 12-13 days until eggs were nearly ripe; they then moved to shoreline rocks. They released their eggs at night on the turn of the high tide between the last quarter of the moon and the new moon, sometimes from cliff faces, then returned en masse to the plateau. Zoeae hatched immediately on contact with salt water, and baby crabs emerged at the first crab stage 27 days after egg release; successful emergence varied considerably between seasons. Baby crabs migrated inland, taking 9 days to reach the plateau. Most migration activity was diurnal, the main exceptions were egg release and dipping activities.

Ram mating performance in Border Leicesters and related breed types. 1. Pen test performance and measures of testis diameter

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Barwick ◽  
RJ Kilgour ◽  
AC Gleeson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mating Tests ◽  
Mating Performance ◽  
Related Breed

Sexual activity, serving capacity, mean number of mounts per serve and mean testis diameter were measured in 286 Border Leicester, BLI (a 'high fertility' sheep related to the Border Leicester) and BLI x Border Leicester rams at 1.5, 2.5 or 3.5 years of age. Rams were allowed two 20-minute introductory periods with spayed oestrous ewes, and then were given two 1-h pen mating tests during which their serving capacity (the mean number of serves in the two tests) and mounts per serve were counted. Rams which commenced mounting in introductory or 1-h tests were classed as sexually active. Among 1-5 and 2.5-year-old rams, 68.9 and 65.4%, respectively, were sexually active, while all 3.5-year-old rams were active. Mean testis diameters for inactive rams were smaller (P<0.05) than for active rams in both 1.5- and 2.5-year-old rams. There were breed type differences in activity, serving capacity and mean testis diameter at 1.5 years of age, but not at other ages. BLIs were less active at 1.5 years than other types, but BLIs and Border Leicesters did not differ in either their serving capacity or testis diameter. BLI x Border Leicesters generally had greater (P<0.05) serving capacities and testis diameters than other types, suggesting possible advantages for these rams at early joinings. Sire effects for serving capacity were not significant, but were significant (P<0.05) for mounts per serve, and for testis diameter at 1.5 years old. Activity status was highly repeatable (0.83) between 1.5 and 2.5 years and testis diameter was moderately repeatable (0.41). Repeatabilities for serving capacity and mounts per serve, in active rams, were not significant. Correlations between serving capacity and testis diameter were not significant for active rams, while serving capacity and mounts per serve were generally negatively related. Mean testis diameter was significantly (P<0.05) correlated with liveweight at 1.5 years but not at other ages. Liveweight at 2.5 years was positively (P<0.05) related to mounts per serve and negatively (P<0.05) related to serving capacity.

High mating frequency for boars: predicting the effect on sexual behaviour, fertility and fecundity

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Hemsworth ◽  
C. G. Winfield ◽  
C. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Refusal Rate ◽  
Sperm Output ◽  
Mating Tests ◽  
Mating Performance

ABSTRACTIn the first experiment there were significant correlations between the average product of the length and width of the boar's testicles and the sperm output of the boar under a high collection frequency over two 6-h periods and over a 6-week period (r = +0·80, d.f. = 4, P < 0·05 and r = +0·77, d.f. = 7, P < 0·05, respectively). In the second experiment there were no significant differences in the fertility or fecundity of mature boars that had either two or six copulations per week over a 25-week period. However, there was a significant correlation between the average width of the boar's testicles and the fertility of the boar under the high mating frequency (r = +0·74, d.f. = 8, P < 0·05). There were also significant correlations between the number of copulations achieved in two mating tests and the number of copulations achieved and the refusal rate to mate under the high mating frequency (r = +0·86, and r = –0·89, respectively, d.f. = 6, P < 0·01). The implication of these results to the development of tests to predict mating performance of boars is discussed

Patterns of spring emergence of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) in the Interlake region of Manitoba

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Garter Snake ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis Parietalis ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Spring Emergence

The period of spring activity of Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis at hibernaculum sites in the Interlake region of Manitoba lasts about [Formula: see text] months. This period is characterized by intense mating activity and a marked excess of males over females. Investigations begun in the spring of 1970 suggest that these two features are closely linked. Males begin emerging in large numbers at the end of April and reach a peak population size by mid-May. Females emerge in smaller numbers throughout the entire spring period and are immediately approached and mated by the males. After mating, the females disperse to the summer habitat. Males remain in the vicinity of the hibernaculum for a longer period, possibly mating several times, and begin to disperse in large numbers in the second half of May, It is suggested that communal denning and differential spring emergence are important aspects of the life-history strategy of these populations.

Cytoplasmic Granules in Lymphocytes from Rats Dosed with SK&F 14336-D

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
T. G. Merrill ◽  
B. J. Payne ◽  
A. J. Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Storage Diseases ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Neurovisceral Lipidosis

Rats given SK&F 14336-D (9-[3-Dimethylamino propyl]-2-chloroacridane), a tranquilizing drug, developed an increased number of vacuolated lymphocytes as observed by light microscopy. Vacuoles in peripheral blood of rats and humans apparently are rare and are not usually reported in differential counts. Transforming agents such as phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen induce similar vacuoles in in vitro cultures of lymphocytes. These vacuoles have also been reported in some of the lipid-storage diseases of humans such as amaurotic familial idiocy, familial neurovisceral lipidosis, lipomucopolysaccharidosis and sphingomyelinosis. Electron microscopic studies of Tay-Sachs' disease and of chloroquine treated swine have demonstrated large numbers of “membranous cytoplasmic granules” in the cytoplasm of neurons, in addition to lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of characterizing the membranous inclusions and developing an experimental animal model which may be used for the study of lipid storage diseases.

Prolonged Fixation Studies For Spaceflight

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
Robert Corbett ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
Sam Black
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Large Numbers

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).

Analysis of the Anterior Secretory Cells of Onchidohs Muricata (Nudibranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
Roy Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

The long-necked secretory cells in Onchidoris muricata are distributed in the anterior sole of the foot. These cells are interspersed among ciliated columnar and conical cells as well as short-necked secretory gland cells. The long-necked cells contribute a significant amount of mucoid materials to the slime on which the nudibranch travels. The body of these cells is found in the subepidermal tissues. A long process extends across the basal lamina and in between cells of the epidermis to the surface of the foot. The secretory granules travel along the process and their contents are expelled by exocytosis at the foot surface.The contents of the cell body include the nucleus, some endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive Golgi body with large numbers of secretory vesicles (Fig. 1). The secretory vesicles are membrane bound and contain a fibrillar matrix. At high magnification the similarity of the contents in the Golgi saccules and the secretory vesicles becomes apparent (Fig. 2).

Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 98-99
Author(s):  
C. C. Clawson ◽  
L. W. Anderson ◽  
R. A. Good
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
New Method ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Selective Sampling ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

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