Mating biology in Peniophora cinerea (Basidiomycetes)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1758-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Hallenberg ◽  
Ellen Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Mating Test ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Insect Gall ◽  
Mating Biology ◽  
Mating Tests ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship ◽  
Sterility Barrier

Mating tests were performed to analyze the genetic relationship between two intersterile sibling species in Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cooke in Europe. Two newly collected specimens from North Europe were found to be compatible with both sibling species, which strongly suggests a close genetic relationship and a sterility barrier of simple genetic origin. The two sibling species, which differ in their substrate selectivity, are accepted as subspecies. One subspecies is restricted to decorticated wood of Fagus, and occasionally the fruit bodies are associated with insect galls. Intersterility was also found in some combinations with two other specimens from Canada and Turkey, but no linkage was found with a particular substrate. Specimens from Taiwan were found to be partially compatible with specimens from Europe, Turkey, and Canada. Distinct differences between the subspecies were found in banding patterns from isoelectric focusing of buffer-soluble mycelial proteins. It is proposed that the kind of intersterility found here is intraspecific and should be looked upon as part of a propagation strategy. Key words: speciation, evolution, Basidiomycetes, isoelectric focusing, insect gall, mating test.

scholarly journals Advanced genebank management of genetic resources of European wild apple, Malus sylvestris, using genome-wide SNP array data

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joukje Buiteveld ◽  
Herma JJ Koehorst-van Putten ◽  
Linda Kodde ◽  
Ivo Laros ◽  
Giorgio Tumino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Genebank Management ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Genebank Collection ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

AbstractThe Netherlands’ field genebank collection of European wild apple (Malus sylvestris), consisting of 115 accessions, was studied in order to determine whether duplicates and mistakes had been introduced, and to develop a strategy to optimize the planting design of the collection as a seed orchard. We used the apple 20K Infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, developed in M. domestica, for the first time for genotyping in M. sylvestris. We could readily detect the clonal copies and unexpected duplicates. Thirty-two M. sylvestris accessions (29%) showed a close genetic relationship (parent-child, full-sib, or half-sib) to another accession, which reflects the small effective population size of the in situ populations. Traces of introgression from M. domestica were only found in 7 individuals. This indicates that pollination preferentially took place among the M. sylvestris trees. We conclude that the collection can be considered as mainly pure M. sylvestris accessions. The results imply that it should be managed as one unit when used for seed production. A bias in allele frequencies in the seeds may be prevented by not harvesting all accessions with a close genetic relationship to the others in the seed orchard. We discuss the value of using the SNP array to elaborate the M. sylvestris genetic resources more in depth, including for phasing the markers in a subset of the accessions, as a first step towards genetic resources management at the level of haplotypes.

scholarly journals GENETICALLY CONTROLLED VARIATION OF "ACID" β-GALACTOSIDASE DETECTED IN Rattus norvegicus BY ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-473
Author(s):  
Tommy C Douglas ◽  
Kathryn A Kimmel ◽  
Patti E Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Autosomal Locus ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Significant Linkage

ABSTRACT Two genetically variant forms of rat "acid" β-galactosidase were found to differ in isoelectric point and pH dependence, but not in thermostability or sensitivity to inhibition by p-mercuribenzoate (PMB). The results of two backcrosses and an intercross indicated that the isoelectric focusing phenotypes are controlled by two codominant alleles at a single autosomal locus, for which we propose the name Glb-1. No significant linkage between Glb-1 and albino (LG I), brown (LG II), or hooded (LG VI) was observed. Strain-specific differences in total levels of kidney β-galactosidase were detected, but it is not yet known whether the variation is controlled by genes linked to Glb-1. Experiments in which organ homogenates were incubated with neuraminidase indicated that the genetically variant forms do not result from differences in sialylation, though sialylation does appear to be largely responsible for the presence of multiple bands within each phenotype and for differences in the banding patterns of β-galactosidases derived from different organs. The β-galactosidase present in the bands used for Glb-1 typing resembles human GM1 gangliosidase (GLB1) with respect to pH optimum, substrate specificity, and susceptibility to inhibition by PMB. It also appears that Glb-1 is homologous with the Bgl-e locus of the mouse. In rats as in mice the genetically variant bands of β-galactosidase are active at acid pH and have relatively high isoelectric points. In both species these bands are readily detectable in kidney homogenates, and can be revealed in homogenates of liver or spleen following treatment with neuraminidase. The presence of the same β-galactosidase bands in homogenates of rat kidney and small intestine as well as in neuraminidase-treated homogenates of liver and spleen suggests that the Glb-1 variants differ by one or more point mutations in the structural gene for "acid" β-galactosidase.

Close genetic relationship between central Thai and Mon people in Thailand revealed by autosomal microsatellites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparat Srithawong ◽  
Kanha Muisuk ◽  
Metawee Srikummool ◽  
Jatupol Kampuansai ◽  
Pittayawat Pittayaporn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship ◽  
Autosomal Microsatellites

scholarly journals Tracing the genetic history of the ‘Cañaris’ from Ecuador and Peru using uniparental DNA markers

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S7) ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Sandoval ◽  
Daniela R. Lacerda ◽  
Marilza M. S. Jota ◽  
Paulo Robles-Ruiz ◽  
Pierina Danos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Geographic Proximity ◽  
Lake Titicaca ◽  
Control Region Sequences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Question ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

Abstract Background According to history, in the pre-Hispanic period, during the conquest and Inka expansion in Ecuador, many Andean families of the Cañar region would have been displaced to several places of Tawantinsuyu, including Kañaris, a Quechua-speaking community located at the highlands of the Province of Ferreñafe, Lambayeque (Peru). Other families were probably taken from the Central Andes to a place close to Kañaris, named Inkawasi. Evidence of this migration comes from the presence near the Kañaris–Inkawasi communities of a village, a former Inka camp, which persists until the present day. This scenario could explain these toponyms, but it is still controversial. To clarify this historical question, the study presented here focused on the inference of the genetic relationship between ‘Cañaris’ populations, particularly of Cañar and Ferreñafe, compared to other highland populations. We analysed native patrilineal Y chromosome haplotypes composed of 15 short tandem repeats, a set of SNPs, and maternal mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of control region sequences. Results After the genetic comparisons of local populations—three from Ecuador and seven from Peru—, Y chromosome analyses (n = 376) indicated that individuals from the Cañar region do not share Y haplotypes with the Kañaris, or even with those of the Inkawasi. However, some Y haplotypes of Ecuadorian ‘Cañaris’ were associated with haplotypes of the Peruvian populations of Cajamarca, Chivay (Arequipa), Cusco and Lake Titicaca, an observation that is congruent with colonial records. Within the Kañaris and Inkawasi communities there are at least five clans in which several individuals share haplotypes, indicating that they have recent common ancestors. Despite their relative isolation, most individuals of both communities are related to those of the Cajamarca and Chachapoyas in Peru, consistent with the spoken Quechua and their geographic proximity. With respect to mitochondrial DNA haplotypes (n = 379), with the exception of a shared haplotype of the D1 lineage between the Cañar and Kañaris, there are no genetic affinities. Conclusion Although there is no close genetic relationship between the Peruvian Kañaris (including Inkawasi) and Ecuadorian Cañar populations, our results showed some congruence with historical records.

The relation between mating activity of rams in pens and subsequent flock mating performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Kilgour ◽  
RG Whale
Keyword(s):  
Mating Test ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mating Tests ◽  
Mating Performance

The serving activity of seven rams in one 20-minute pen mating test followed by two one-hour pen mating tests was recorded. The mating performance of each ram during a single-sire flock mating was subsequently monitored. Mean number of services in the two one-hour pen tests gave the best prediction of the number of ewes inseminated during flock mating (r = 0.88, P < 0.01). The number of services in the 20-minute test gave a poor prediction of the number of ewes inseminated (r = 0.30). The total number of services during the first 20-minutes of the two one-hour tests (2x20-minute tally), the number of services during the 20-minute test and the first 20 minutes of the first one-hour test (2 x 20-minute tally) and the number of services during the 20-minute test and the first 20 minutes of the two one-hour tests (3x20-minute tally) were only moderately correlated with number of ewes inseminated (r = 0.67, r = 0.47 and r = 0.64, respectively). These results explain why other workers, using combinations of 20-minute tests, have failed to demonstrate a relationship between pen mating tests and flock fertility. The results further show that a measure of the serving activity of rams in pens can be used to identify rams that are capable of mating large numbers of ewes, and that the development of a commercially applicable test is worthwhile.

The Earth-Moon Connection

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 891-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Ringwood
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Core Formation ◽  
Earth’S Mantle ◽  
Terrestrial Atmosphere ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Siderophile Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

Abstract The early thermal state of the Earth provides important constraints on hypotheses relating to its origin and its connection with the Moon. The currently popular giant impact hypothesis of lunar origin requires the Earth’s mantle to have been completely melted during the impact. Differentiation of a molten mantle would have produced strong chemical and mineralogical stratification, causing the mantle to become gravitationally stable and resistant to convective rehomogenization. The resulting composition and mineralogy of the upper mantle and primitive crust would have been dramatically different from those which have existed during the past 3.8 b. y. It is concluded that the Earth’s mantle was not extensively melted at the conclusion of accretion of the planet and therefore the hypothesis that the Moon was formed by the impact of a martian-sized planetesimal on the proto-Earth is probably incorrect. Nevertheless, a wide range of geochemical evidence demonstrates the existence of a close genetic relationship between the Moon and the Earth’s mantle. The key evidence relates to the processes of core formation in planetary bodies and resultant abundance patterns of siderophile elements which remain in their silicate mantles. Because of the complexity of the core formation process within a given body and the multiplicity of chemical and physical processes involved, the mantle siderophile signature is expected to be a unique characteristic. Thus, the siderophile signatures of Mars and of the eucrite parent body are quite distinct from that of the Earth’s mantle. Lunar siderophile geochemistry is reviewed in detail. It is demonstrated that a large group of siderophile elements display similar abundances in the terrestrial and lunar mantles. The similarity implies that a major proportion of the material now in the Moon was derived from the Earth’s mantle after core formation. This implication, however, does not require that the bulk compositions of the lunar and terrestrial mantles should be essentially identical, as is often assumed. Factors which may contribute to significant compositional differences between the two bodies within the context of a close genetic relationship are reviewed. The most promising mechanism for removing terrestrial material from the Earth’s mantle arises from the impacts of a number of large (0.001 to 0.01 ME) but not giant (≥ 0.1 ME) planetesimals after core formation and at the terminal stage of the Earth’s accretion. These impacts evaporated several times their own masses of mantle material and shock-melted considerably more. However, they did not lead to complete or extensive (e.g. > 50%) melting of the entire mantle. Impact-generated clouds of shock-melted spray and vapours were accelerated to high velocities in the presence of a primitive terrestrial atmosphere that co-rotated with the Earth. This provided an effective means of transferring angular momentum from the Earth to the ejected material which condensed to form a ring of Earth-orbiting planetesimals and moonlets. The Moon was formed by coagulation from material derived from the outer regions of this ring. Accretion of the Earth in the presence of the gases of the solar nebula and the co-rotating primitive terrestrial atmosphere may also have provided a mechanism for generating the rapid prograde spin of the proto-Earth.

scholarly journals High gene flows promote close genetic relationship among fine-wool sheep populations (Ovis aries) in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-871
Author(s):  
Ji-long HAN ◽  
Min YANG ◽  
Ting-ting GUO ◽  
Jian-bin LIU ◽  
Chun-e NIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

scholarly journals Candida auris Invasive Infections During a COVID-19 Case Surge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake M. Hanson ◽  
An Q. Dinh ◽  
Truc T. Tran ◽  
Sebastian Arenas ◽  
Darryl Pronty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Prolonged Hospitalization ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship ◽  
Clinical Cases

Clinical cases of C. auris noted during a COVID-19 surge led to an epidemiological, clinical, and genomic investigation. Evaluation identified a close genetic relationship but no conclusive epidemiologic link between all cases. Prolonged hospitalization due to critical illness from COVID-19 and use of antimicrobials may have contributed to clinical infections.

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