Effect of oat supplementation on the liveweight gain and carcase characteristics of yearling Friesian steers grazed on green pasture in western Victoria

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (88) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
JHL Morgan ◽  
GS Ronan
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Stocking Rates

Friesian steers aged nine months were set stocked on pasture from May 28 to November 29 at 2.5 and 5.0 steers ha-1 and were supplemented with oats at four levels-nil, 1.8, 3.6 kg steer-1 day-1 and ad libitum. Growth responses to oat supplementation were obtained at both stocking rates in winter but only at 5.0 steers ha-1 in spring. Average daily gains (kg day-1) during the entire six months of the experiment were, at the four oat feeding levels, respectively: 0.67, 0.72, 0.94 and 0.92 at 2.5 steers ha-1 and 0.1 8, 0.35, 0.56 and 0.79 at 5.0 steers ha-1. A mean conversion rate of 10.1 kg of additional liveweight gain per 100 kg of oats consumed was obtained when the spring values for steers stocked at 2.5 ha-l were omitted. Substitution in the intake of grain and pasture was apparent, as indicated by differences in herbage availability, in all treatments except in steers stocked at 5.0 ha-1and supplemented with oats at 1.8 and 3.6 kg day-1. Because of their 'lanky' conformation, the carcases were downgraded by the meatworks even though they all had high muscle contents and some had up to 7 mm of backfat at the 10th rib.

Growth and carcase composition of yearling cattle fattened on combinations of hay, grain and NPN in a feedlot and on grain supplemented pastures

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Corah ◽  
SA Jackson ◽  
AH Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Comparable Quality

Hereford steers aged 10 to 12 months were fattened on a range of diets including two types of hay (pasture hay, oaten hay), three types of grain (oats, wheat, barley), four levels of oats (1/2, 1 and 1 1/2 per cent of liveweight per day and ad libitum) and non-protein nitrogen as a supplement to the oaten hay. In addition, two groups of steers were grazed on pasture and one of these was supplemented with oats at the rate of 13 per cent of liveweight per day. The experiment was conducted at the Pastoral Research Station in western Victoria. Steers fed pasture hay, either alone or with oats, gained at a faster rate than steers fed oaten hay, alone or with oats. As the level of grain in the rations increased, liveweight gains of the steers increased. The steers given the highest levels of grain (1 1/2 per cent liveweight and ad libitum) produced the most acceptable carcases as assessed by fat cover and the physical properties of the lean. As the level of grain was increased, the conversion of feed to liveweight gain was improved and the time required to reach the desired weight was reduced. Rations of barley, wheat or oats had similar effects on growth rate and carcass composition when they were fed at a rate equal to one per cent of the liveweight of the steers per day. The NPN supplement, biuret, had little effect when fed as a supplement to oaten hay. The feeding of grain as a supplement to pasture doubled the growth rate of the steers. The carcases of steers receiving oat grain on pasture were of comparable quality and produced in a similar time to those of the fastest gaining feedlot groups. The results do not provide any evidence which would justify the practice of confining such steers in a feedlot.

Responses to supplements by weaned lambs when grazing mature pasture or eating hay cut from the same pasture

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Freer ◽  
H. Dove ◽  
A. Axelsen ◽  
J. R. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Supplement Intake

SummaryWeaned cross-bred lambs either grazed mature pasture or were confined to yards where they were offered material cut from ungrazed areas of the same pasture. A 1:2 mixture (on an air-dry basis) of sunflower meal and oat grain was offered for 81 days at 0, 200, 400 or 600 g/head or ad libitum. Individual estimates of intake of pasture and supplement by grazing sheep at four levels of supplementation were made on four adjacent plots.Weight gain increased from –30 to 178 g/day in the grazing animals as supplement intake increased up to 1030 g D.M./day and from –25 to 142 g/day in the yarded animals as supplement intake increased to 1076 g D.M./day. Growth of greasy wool increased from 4·5 to 11·7 g/day for grazing animals and from 4·5 to 10·2 g/day for those kept in yards.At levels of supplement intake below 400 g D.M./day, the intake of grazed pasture increased by up to 58% compared with unsupplemented animals. However, when the intake of supplement was increased to about 650 g D.M./day, pasture intake fell, with an estimated substitution rate of 1·1 g D.M. pasture per g D.M. supplement. At all levels of supplementation, the intake of hay by the yarded lambs was less than half the intake of herbage in the field. However, at levels of supplement intake between 300 and 500 g D.M./day, the substitution rate was similar to that measured in the grazing animals, suggesting that this is an attribute of roughage quality, rather than differential eating behaviour between grazing and yarded animals.The wastage, w (g D.M./day), of supplement was linearly related to the amount offered, s (g D.M./day), by the equationw = 0·263s − 38·8; R2 = 0·89Variability in supplement intake between individual grazing lambs was not affected by the level of supplementation but the coefficient of variation of supplement intake was considerably greater than that of the intake of unsupplemented pasture. Variability in the intake of pasture increased with the level of supplementation but variability in the total intake of food was similar at each level of supplement, indicating some degree of individual compensation in the intake of the two components.

Survival and Growth of Seedlings of Three Sclerophyll Species at High Levels of Phosphorus and Nitrogen

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Groves ◽  
K Keraitis
Keyword(s):  
Sand Culture ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Seedlings of Banksia serrata, Acacia suaveolens and Eucalyptus pilularis were grown in sand culture for 3-4 months at four levels of phosphorus (0, 5, 50, and 100 ppm) and three of nitrogen (0, 25 and 250 ppm) applied gradually in all combinations. B.serrata died at high phosphorus-high nitrogen levels, A.suaveolens died with high phosphorus irrespective of the nitrogen level, and E. pilularis did not survive high phosphorus or high nitrogen levels. There were differences between species in their growth responses to increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. Dry weights of seedlings were greatest at P5N25 for B.serrata, at P5N250 for A.suaveolens, and at P5N250 for E.pilularis. Shoot phosphorus concentrations greater than 1% were directly associated with 'toxicity' and death of A.suaveolens seedlings only, and not of the other two species. The species differ in the weights and nutrient contents of their seeds, and this is discussed in relation to the different responses obtained. Growth of sclerophyll species on areas subject to disturbance (e.g. sand-mining) will be determined in large part by the levels of phosphorus and nitrogen applied and the rate at which nutrients are leached from the rooting zone.

Validation of new systems for protein evaluation in ruminants by testing the effect of urea supplementation on intake and digestibility of straw with or without sodium hydroxide treatment

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
D. A. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Treatment

SUMMARYMilled barley straw, either untreated or treated with 70 g of NaOH/kg straw was supplemented with four levels of urea, namely 0, 6, 12 or 18 g/kg and fed ad libitum to young sheep. For the untreated straw, dry-matter intakes were (g/day) 423, 451, 441 and 463, while the digestibility of organic matter was 458, 467, 490 and 483 g/kg, respectively. For the treated straw, the intakes of dry matter were 355, 402, 531 and 567 g/day and the digestibility of organic matter was 423, 480, 589 and 628 g/kg respectively.The different responses to urea supplementation of treated and untreated straw are discussed in relation to a new system of estimating protein requirements for ruminants put forward by the Agricultural Research Council.

The level of tree legumes required to meet the maintenance energy requirements of Ongole (Bos indicus) cows fed rice straw in Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Syahniar ◽  
R. Antari ◽  
D. Pamungkas ◽  
Marsetyo ◽  
D. E. Mayberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tree Legumes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Improving the productivity and profitability of smallholder cattle enterprises in Indonesia requires greater and more efficient utilisation of underutilised feed resources such as rice straw. The experiment tested the hypothesis that an Ongole cow with low energy requirements can maintain weight (W) on a rice straw-based diet with the addition of a small amount of tree legumes. Thirty-two Ongole cross (Bos indicus) cows were allocated to one of four treatments in a randomised block design with eight cows per treatment. Cows were offered untreated rice straw ad libitum with four levels of tree legumes (0, 11, 21, and 42 g DM/kg W0.75.day) for 20 weeks. Feed intake was determined daily and liveweight was measured every second week. There was no difference in total feed intake between the treatment groups (P > 0.05). Intake of tree legumes was higher when more was offered (P < 0.05), but cows did not consume all of the legumes offered to them. The inclusion of tree legumes in the diet had no effect on organic matter digestibility, ME content of the diet, liveweight gain or estimated energy balance of the cows (P > 0.05). Rice straw alone contained insufficient ME and rumen-degradable N to meet the maintenance requirements of the cows. From the regression relating liveweight change and ME intake for all cows across all diets, the inclusion of tree legumes in the diet at ~12 g DM/kg W0.75.day or 2.8 g DM/kg W.day was enough to meet the energy requirements for maintenance of Ongole cows fed rice straw ad libitum.

Responses to supplements by weaned lambs grazing mature pasture or eating hay in yards

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Freer ◽  
H Dove ◽  
A Axelsen ◽  
JR Donnelly ◽  
GT McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Supplement Intake

Weaned crossbred lambs grazing mature pasture in summer at stocking rates of 14, 28 or 42 lambs/ha were supplemented for 60 days with 0, 400, 600 or 800 g/day of either sunflower meal or a 1:1 mixture of sunflower meal and oats. Mean daily gains in fasted weight without and with supplement were - 51 and 62 g, respectively, with no significant difference between the three feeding levels. Greasy wool production increased from 4.7 g/day without supplement to 9.9 g/day at the 600 or 800 g level but the composition of the supplement had no effect. Stocking rate had no effect on animal performance. It was estimated that pasture intake increased slightly with the first 400 g of supplement but fell sharply as the level increased further, with a substitution rate of 1.3. In two experiments, yarded lambs were offered oaten or lucerne hay ad libitum and mixtures of sunflower meal and oats at levels from 400 g/day to ad libitum. Mean daily gain in fasted weight increased from about 140 to about 190 g/day over this range of supplementation and greasy wool production from about 9 to about 10 g/day. In one experiment weight gain and wool production were significantly lower with a 1:6 mixture of sunflower meal and oats than with a 1:2 mixture and the same trend was shown in the other experiment. Measurements of intake showed that the substitution rate for both types of hay was only about 0.5. Comparisons of the animals' estimated requirements and intake in all three experiments indicated that the relatively poor performance of grazing animals was due to the very high substitution rate for grazed pasture at levels of supplement intake above 400 g/day.

Growth of young Merino sheep grazing cereal stubbles and supplemented ad libitum with oats, of different crude protein contents, sprayed with various amounts of urea

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Butler ◽  
WR King ◽  
CL McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Ad Libitum

In 2 experiments on cereal stubble, growth responses by Merino hoggets and Merino weaners to ad libitum supplementation with oat grain sprayed with a urea-ammonium sulfate solution were examined. In each experiment, 3 batches of oats of different crude protein(CP=7.8,9.3, 11.4 and 7.1, 10.1, 12.5% w/w) were treated with different amounts of urea (0.55-3.2% w/w) and the feed was offered to groups of 10 hoggets or 7 weaners for 70 days and 100 days respectively. The growth of Merino wether weaners grazing wheat stubble was significantly increased from 86 g/sheep.day to 116 g/sheep.day by adding urea to supplements of low protein (7%) oats. The intake of low protein oats sprayed with urea was decreased when urea was added at a level making up 3% of the supplement. Daily growth rates (132-152 g/sheep) of weaner sheep fed oats of 10% and 12.5% crude protein were not significantly different. The addition of urea to these oats did not produce significant additional growth responses. There was no effect on hogget daily growth rate (average = 160 g/sheep) of CP, of the base oat, or of treatment of the oat with a urea-ammonium sulfate mixture.

Fattening systems for sheep in western Victoria. 1. The influence of hay quality and of proportion of oats in the ration on the performance of Corriedale wethers

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
DS Gillespie ◽  
JW McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
Western Victoria

An experiment at Hamilton in western Victoria from June to October 1972 examined the feasibility of fattening two-year-old Corriedale wethers from 30 to 50 kg liveweight when fed simple rations in feedlots. Using a factorial design, treatments compared were mid-season or late cut pasture hay offered ad libitum and oat grain fed at 0, 0.25, 0.50 kg head-1 day-1 or ad libitum. Two additional groups were set stocked on green pasture; one of them was offered oat grain ad libitum. Performance of sheep in the feedlot (intake, liveweight and carcase gain, feed conversion and wool production) was influenced by hay type and level of oat feeding. Liveweight gain over the period of feeding increased linearly until oats comprised about 50 per cent of the daily dry matter intake, but the highest liveweight gain in the feedlot (127 g day-1) occurred when sheep were given a ration consisting of 25 per cent mid-season hay and 75 per cent oats. Sheep on pasture gained at an average of 146 g day-1. Irrespective of composition of the ration, liveweight gain increased by 20 g day1, carcase weight by 15 g day-1 and wool by 1.7 g day -1 for each additional MJ of metabolizable energy intake.

The effect of systems of grassland management and winter feeding on the productivity of an 18-month grass-cereal beef system

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Field System ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Stocking Rates

ABSTRACTExperiments in two successive years with 24 cattle compared a six-paddock grazing system with a simpler two-field system. In each system the whole area was cut for conservation once during the season. The two systems were stocked each at 3·9 or 6·5 cattle/ha. In the following winters the cattle were offered grass silage (1974) or dried lucerne pellets (1975) ad libitum with two levels of barley.Daily gains on pasture were depressed by the higher stocking rate but there was no difference between grazing systems. The yield of conserved grass was least on the high stocking rate two-field system. The estimated output of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare was highest on the high stocking rate paddock grazing system but the output from the low stocking rate two-field system was almost as high. It was concluded that the latter system was valuable in many practical situations. Cattle that had been grazed at low stocking rates finished earlier in winter. There was some evidence of winter compensation in cattle weight gain on diets with dried lucerne pellets but not on grass silage diets.

scholarly journals RESPONS FISIOLOGI, PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN SERAPAN P BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN TRICHOKOMPOS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) TERFORMULASI DAN PUPUK P DI LAHAN GAMBUT

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZALDI ARMAN ◽  
NELVIA NELVIA ◽  
ARMAINI ARMAINI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Production Response ◽  
P Fertilizers

The study aims to determine the effect of formulated PEFB trichokompos and P fertilizers  on growth, physiology, production and P uptake of onion in peatlands. This research used experimental factorial randomized completely block design and three replications. Trichokompos PEFB formulated as the first factor is composed of four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 ton ha-1) and P fertilizers as the second factor consists of four levels (0, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 P₂O5). Parameters measured were chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, stomataH2Oconductivity , the concentration of CO2 in the cell, transpiration rate, plant height, number of tillers, number of tubers per hill, the diameter of the bulbs, fresh weight of tuber per hill, plant dry weight and P uptake. The results showed trichokompos PEFB formulated 15 ton ha-1 can increase the response of onion production as tuber diameter and fresh weight per hill and P uptake response respectively by 25.58%, 74.92% and 76.39%. While the physiological responses seen to decrease thestomatal H2O conductivity and transpiration rate of respectively 21.43% and 28.79% compared with no PEFB formulatedtrichokompos. Provision of fertilizer P 120 P2O5 ha-1 can improve physiological responses such as H2O on stomatal conductivity, increased growth responses such as plant height, such as the production response tuber diameter and fresh weight per hill and P uptake response respectively by 7.69%, 22.25%, 26.23%, 56.21% and 44.26% compared with no fertilizer P. combination trichokompos PEFB formulated 15 ton ha-1 with manure P 120 P2O5 ha-1 is the best treatment combination, with the highest production response namely 7.65 g (1.91 ton ha-1) fresh weight per hill and increased 214.81% compared with no treatment trichokompos PEFB formulated and fertilizer P.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document