Growth and carcase composition of yearling cattle fattened on combinations of hay, grain and NPN in a feedlot and on grain supplemented pastures

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Corah ◽  
SA Jackson ◽  
AH Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Comparable Quality

Hereford steers aged 10 to 12 months were fattened on a range of diets including two types of hay (pasture hay, oaten hay), three types of grain (oats, wheat, barley), four levels of oats (1/2, 1 and 1 1/2 per cent of liveweight per day and ad libitum) and non-protein nitrogen as a supplement to the oaten hay. In addition, two groups of steers were grazed on pasture and one of these was supplemented with oats at the rate of 13 per cent of liveweight per day. The experiment was conducted at the Pastoral Research Station in western Victoria. Steers fed pasture hay, either alone or with oats, gained at a faster rate than steers fed oaten hay, alone or with oats. As the level of grain in the rations increased, liveweight gains of the steers increased. The steers given the highest levels of grain (1 1/2 per cent liveweight and ad libitum) produced the most acceptable carcases as assessed by fat cover and the physical properties of the lean. As the level of grain was increased, the conversion of feed to liveweight gain was improved and the time required to reach the desired weight was reduced. Rations of barley, wheat or oats had similar effects on growth rate and carcass composition when they were fed at a rate equal to one per cent of the liveweight of the steers per day. The NPN supplement, biuret, had little effect when fed as a supplement to oaten hay. The feeding of grain as a supplement to pasture doubled the growth rate of the steers. The carcases of steers receiving oat grain on pasture were of comparable quality and produced in a similar time to those of the fastest gaining feedlot groups. The results do not provide any evidence which would justify the practice of confining such steers in a feedlot.

Effect of supplemental nutrients on the growth performance of sucking pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
J. M. Boyce ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Supplemental Nutrients

Twenty-seven sows were allocated at their first farrowing to 3 experimental treatments in which their sucking pigs had access to no supplemental milk, liquid cow milk (CM), or a synthetic milk supplement (SM). Liquid cow milk contained 128 g total solids/kg, 24·2 g CP/kg, 30·4 g fat/kg, and 1·8 g lysine/kg, whereas the supplemental synthetic milk contained 200 g total solids/kg, 102·6 g CP/kg, 36·0 g fat/kg, and 9·0 g lysine/kg. All litters contained 12 pigs and the supplemental milk products were offered ad libitum from Day 4 of lactation until weaning at 28 days of age. Between Days 0 and 14 of lactation, there was no effect of treatment on supplemental milk intake or average piglet growth rate but between Days 14 and 28 of lactation, litters given milk supplements grew faster than litters receiving no supplemental milk. Overall, piglet growth rates between Days 0 and 28 of lactation were greater for litters receiving supplemental milk (297 and 277 g/day for CM and SM litters, respectively) than for litters receiving no supplemental milk (239 g/day). Piglets offered cow milk drank more milk between Days 4 and 28 of lactation than piglets offered the synthetic milk (5·48 v. 2·38 kg/day). Piglets in litters which had access to cow milk visited the supplemental feeder more often (5·5 v. 2·7 visits per suckling interval) and spent longer at the feeder (45·4 v. 14·5 s) than pigs in litters which had access to the synthetic milk supplement. Average sow milk production was 15·4 and 15·3 kg/day between Days 11 and 14 and between Days 25 and 28 of lactation, respectively, and was unaffected by treatment. Treatment also had no significant effect on average suckling interval on Day 21 of lactation (51·7 min) or carcass composition of representative pigs from each litter killed at 28 days of age. Between Days 14 and 28, female pigs grew faster than male pigs (304·3±9·3 v. 292·0±9· 2 g/day). These results demonstrate that provision of supplemental milk to sucking pigs can improve preweaning growth rate and the response increased as lactation proceeded.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

Comparison of Duroc and British Landrace pigs and the estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth and carcass traits

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTDuroc and halothane negative British Landrace boars and gilts were performance tested on ad libitum or restricted feeding regimes, with like-sexed non-littermate groups of one, two, three or four pigs per pen. There was a total of 320 pigs with 20 litter groups per breed with four boars and four gilts per litter group. Within each feeding regime, a boar and a gilt from each litter were tested on one of two diets in 1986, for each of the four combinations, and pigs were tested similarly for two other diets in 1987. Carcass composition was determined by half-carcass dissection of 160 pigs allocated between treatments.There was a breed × sex interaction for growth and performance traits for pigs fed ad libitum. Duroc boars were faster growing and more efficient than Landrace boars, but Duroc gilts grew more slowly and were less efficient than Landrace gilts. On restricted feeding, Duroc pigs were more efficient than Landrace pigs.At constant slaughter weight, Duroc pigs had less subcutaneous fat but more intermuscular fat. Although they had less separable fat in the carcass, Duroc pigs were not leaner as weights of bone, skin, head, feet and tail were heavier than for Landrace pigs.Group penning and group feeding of pigs may have enhanced competition effects resulting in positive genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth rate and backfat depths on both feeding regimes.The positive genetic correlation between growth rate and fat deposition resulted in a negative genetic correlation between growth rate and carcass lean content and a lower genetic correlation with lean tissue growth rate than in other studies.

The effects of two methods of increasing age at slaughter on carcass and muscle traits and meat sensory quality in pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lebret ◽  
H. Juin ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
M. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 30-day increase in age of pigs slaughtered at 110 kg body weight (BW) on carcass and m. longissimus dorsi (LD) and m. biceps femoris (BF) traits, and meat sensory quality. A total of 60 pigs from two genotypes: synthetic line ✕ (Large White ✕ Landrace) (SL) and Duroc ✕ (Large White ✕ Landrace) (D) were used, each genotype containing five groups of six littermates (three castrated males and three females). At the average BW of 30 kg, littermates of the same sex were allocated to three groups. Pigs of group AL were offered ad libitum a standard growing-finishing diet (13·6 MJ/kg digestible energy, 9·5 g/kg of lysine) from 30 up to 110 kg BW. The R1 pigs received the same diet at 0·75 of the ad libitum intake of their AL littermates. The R2 pigs were submitted to both energy and protein restrictions in order to get the same growth rate as the R1 pigs and the same body composition as the AL pigs. Results were similar in both genotypes. In agreement with the protocol, age at slaughter was increased by 30 days in R1 and R2, and AL and R2 pigs had comparable carcass composition. Compared with AL, average daily gain was decreased in R1 and R2 pigs, and food efficiency was decreased in R2, but remained unaffected in R1 pigs. Intramuscular fat (IMF) concentration was decreased in the R1 pigs, especially in BF (15·5 v. 19·7 mg/g), while it was increased in the LD of the R2 pigs, particularly in the D animals (24·2 v. 17·4 mg/g), compared with AL pigs. Meat quality parameters (rate and extent of pH fall, reflectance and drip loss) were similar in the three feeding regimens. The taste panel did not find any significant difference between feeding regimens for tenderness, juiciness, flavour, flour sensation after mastication and mouth coating of the meat, despite the differences reported in IMF concentration. This suggests that, for the genotypes used in this experiment, an increase of 30 days in the age at slaughter greatly influences the carcass and/or the muscle chemical composition, depending on the feeding strategy applied to reduce the growth rate but does not strongly modify the meat eating quality.

Meat quality of Large White pig genotypes selected for components of efficient lean growth rate

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Cameron ◽  
G. R. Nute ◽  
S. N. Brown-a2 ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For

AbstractResponses in carcass composition and meat quality after seven generations of selection for components of lean growth rate were examined in a population of Large White pigs. There were four selection groups in the study, with divergent selection for lean growth rate on ad libitum (LGA) or restricted (LGS) feeding regimes, lean food conversion ratio (LFC) and daily food intake (DFI). In generations six and seven, two offspring from each of 10 sires, within each selection line, were to be allocated for half-carcass dissection and measurement of meat quality. There were 320 animals in the study, with 40 animals from each of the high and low selection lines and, within each selection line, two offspring per sire.Responses in carcass composition were similar in the three selection groups given food ad libitum, but rates of lean and fat growth rate differed between selection lines. Intramuscular fat content was reduced with selection for high LGA and high LFC but was increased with selection for low DFI (-1·7 and -3·2 v. 2·7 (s.e.d. 0·7) mg/g), which was unexpected given the higher carcass fat content of the low DFI line, relative to the high line (249 v. 190 (s.e.d. 7) g/kg). Muscle colour was darker, as measured by trained sensory panel assessment, in selection lines which reduced the rate of fat deposition to achieve a leaner carcass (high LFC and low DFI) but there was no response in muscle colour with selection for LGA (0·4 and 0·3 v. 0·0 (s.e.d. 0·1)). Responses in muscle shear force (5·3 v. 4·4 (s.e.d. 0·4) kg) and flavour liking (4·0 v. 4·3 (s.e.d. 0·12)) were limited to the LGA and LFC selection groups, respectively. There were no significant responses in muscle moisture content, muscle pH or myofibrillar fragmentation index, nor were there any responses in meat quality with selection on LGS. Therefore, decreasing the rate of fat deposition was associated with darker meat and increasing the rate of lean growth was associated with higher shear force. There were selection strategy specific responses in the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat, which may have contributed to the responses in eating quality.In general, responses in meat quality were small, such that incorporation of meat quality traits in selection objectives, which are primarily focused on increasing the efficiency of lean meat production, may not be necessary. However, it would be pertinent to evaluate periodically genotypes of breeding companies for muscle quality traits.

The effect of barley supplementation on the liveweight gains of autumn-born calves reared on whole or skimmed milk diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
J Clark ◽  
JI Watts
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Four Levels

Forty, Friesian x Jersey bull calves were fed diets comprising factorial combinations of milk, either whole (4.0 per cent fat) or skimmed (0.1 per cent fat) milk, fed at the rate of 4.5 kg day-1 until the calves were ten weeks old, with crushed barley at four levels from two to 18 weeks of age. The four levels of barley were 0, 25, 50 and 75 per cent of the dry matter intake of the calves. The calves had access to hay ad libitum throughout the experiment. The restricted quantities of skimmed milk fed to the calves did not support rapid gains in liveweight, even when supplemented with high levels of barley. The addition of barley to the diet of the calves reared on whole milk produced no response in terms of growth rate (0.54 kg day-1). However, the calves reared on skimmed milk had greater growth rates when their diet contained 25 per cent barley than with no barley, 0.36 kg day-1 and 0.28 kg day-1 respectively. Further additions of barley did not produce additional responses in growth rate.

Continued studies on the effect of grain or pasture on the carcass composition and meat quality of Friesian steers

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
HL Davies
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
White Clover ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage

Twenty-one Friesian steers were grown to a final fasted liveweight of 469 kg. Seven of the steers grazed irrigated ryegrass-white clover pastures, seven steers were fed on a high energy ration ad libitum, and seven were given a ration of the same composition as the second group but at a restricted amount such that the growth rate was similar to that of the grazing steers. There were no significant differences in carcass weight between the three groups. The dressing percentage of the grain ad libitum group was 58%, the restricted grain group 57% and the pasture group 55%. The dressing percentage was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the pasture group. The grain ad libitum group had 51.5% more (P < 0.05) oaental fat than the pasture group, and the restricted group 28.9% more (P < 0.05) than the pasture group. In dissections of the 9th, 10th and 11th ribs the grain ad lib. group had 35.4% fat, the restricted grain group 32.8% and the pasture group 26.5%, the proportion of fat being significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the pasture group than in the grain ad lib. group. No significant differences were found in either tenderness, juiciness or flavour between the three groups.

EFFECTS OF BREED-TYPE AND SLAUGHTER WEIGHT ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION IN BULLS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Ad Libitum

A trial is reported comparing the growth and carcass characteristics of bulls of three breed-types: Hereford crossbred (HC), beef synthetic (SY) and dairy crossbred (DC). Sixteen bulls of each breed-type were grouped four to a pen and randomly allocated to one of two slaughter weights: M (about 500 kg) and H (about 600 kg). The bulls weighed approximately 200 kg at the start of the trial and were fed a high concentrate cereal diet ad libitum. Growth rate was slower and feed required per unit of gain greater for all breed-types in the H than in the M group. In all phases of growth, the DC bulls had the greatest rate of gain and the SY bulls the least. The carcass data indicated that the HC bulls had the fattest carcasses and DC bulls the leanest. SY were intermediate. The grades indicated that increasing liveweight from 500 kg to 600 kg resulted in a shift towards "fatter" grades in earlier fattening types and away from fatter grades in later fattening types. The concept of target slaughter weights and ranges for various biological types of cattle is discussed.

Effect of oat supplementation on the liveweight gain and carcase characteristics of yearling Friesian steers grazed on green pasture in western Victoria

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (88) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
JHL Morgan ◽  
GS Ronan
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Stocking Rates

Friesian steers aged nine months were set stocked on pasture from May 28 to November 29 at 2.5 and 5.0 steers ha-1 and were supplemented with oats at four levels-nil, 1.8, 3.6 kg steer-1 day-1 and ad libitum. Growth responses to oat supplementation were obtained at both stocking rates in winter but only at 5.0 steers ha-1 in spring. Average daily gains (kg day-1) during the entire six months of the experiment were, at the four oat feeding levels, respectively: 0.67, 0.72, 0.94 and 0.92 at 2.5 steers ha-1 and 0.1 8, 0.35, 0.56 and 0.79 at 5.0 steers ha-1. A mean conversion rate of 10.1 kg of additional liveweight gain per 100 kg of oats consumed was obtained when the spring values for steers stocked at 2.5 ha-l were omitted. Substitution in the intake of grain and pasture was apparent, as indicated by differences in herbage availability, in all treatments except in steers stocked at 5.0 ha-1and supplemented with oats at 1.8 and 3.6 kg day-1. Because of their 'lanky' conformation, the carcases were downgraded by the meatworks even though they all had high muscle contents and some had up to 7 mm of backfat at the 10th rib.

Effect of FYM and Fertilizers Nutrition on Production Potential, Nutrients Uptake and Soil Properties under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Properties Of Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2001-2005 in regular crop sequence at Crop Research Station, Nawabganj, CSA University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur in order to find out the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) and NPK levels in rice-wheat cropping system. One level of FYM (10 t ha-1) and one level of N (120 kg ha-1),three levels of P (0, 30, 60 kg ha-1), four levels of K (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1) were tested. The grain yield of rice and wheat crops were increased at levels of FYM (10 t ha-1) and NPK (120, 60, 60 kg h a-1). The application of FYM with 120 kg N, 60 kg P O and 60 kg K O ha-1 gave significantly highest yield of rice and wheat crops. The 2 5 2 application of NPK fertilizers with FYM were found increased in their uptake. The application of NPK fertilizers with FYM was found improvements in physio-chemical properties of soil like soil ph, organic carbon and available NPK.

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