EFFECTS OF BREED-TYPE AND SLAUGHTER WEIGHT ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION IN BULLS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Ad Libitum

A trial is reported comparing the growth and carcass characteristics of bulls of three breed-types: Hereford crossbred (HC), beef synthetic (SY) and dairy crossbred (DC). Sixteen bulls of each breed-type were grouped four to a pen and randomly allocated to one of two slaughter weights: M (about 500 kg) and H (about 600 kg). The bulls weighed approximately 200 kg at the start of the trial and were fed a high concentrate cereal diet ad libitum. Growth rate was slower and feed required per unit of gain greater for all breed-types in the H than in the M group. In all phases of growth, the DC bulls had the greatest rate of gain and the SY bulls the least. The carcass data indicated that the HC bulls had the fattest carcasses and DC bulls the leanest. SY were intermediate. The grades indicated that increasing liveweight from 500 kg to 600 kg resulted in a shift towards "fatter" grades in earlier fattening types and away from fatter grades in later fattening types. The concept of target slaughter weights and ranges for various biological types of cattle is discussed.

Effect of supplemental nutrients on the growth performance of sucking pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
J. M. Boyce ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Supplemental Nutrients

Twenty-seven sows were allocated at their first farrowing to 3 experimental treatments in which their sucking pigs had access to no supplemental milk, liquid cow milk (CM), or a synthetic milk supplement (SM). Liquid cow milk contained 128 g total solids/kg, 24·2 g CP/kg, 30·4 g fat/kg, and 1·8 g lysine/kg, whereas the supplemental synthetic milk contained 200 g total solids/kg, 102·6 g CP/kg, 36·0 g fat/kg, and 9·0 g lysine/kg. All litters contained 12 pigs and the supplemental milk products were offered ad libitum from Day 4 of lactation until weaning at 28 days of age. Between Days 0 and 14 of lactation, there was no effect of treatment on supplemental milk intake or average piglet growth rate but between Days 14 and 28 of lactation, litters given milk supplements grew faster than litters receiving no supplemental milk. Overall, piglet growth rates between Days 0 and 28 of lactation were greater for litters receiving supplemental milk (297 and 277 g/day for CM and SM litters, respectively) than for litters receiving no supplemental milk (239 g/day). Piglets offered cow milk drank more milk between Days 4 and 28 of lactation than piglets offered the synthetic milk (5·48 v. 2·38 kg/day). Piglets in litters which had access to cow milk visited the supplemental feeder more often (5·5 v. 2·7 visits per suckling interval) and spent longer at the feeder (45·4 v. 14·5 s) than pigs in litters which had access to the synthetic milk supplement. Average sow milk production was 15·4 and 15·3 kg/day between Days 11 and 14 and between Days 25 and 28 of lactation, respectively, and was unaffected by treatment. Treatment also had no significant effect on average suckling interval on Day 21 of lactation (51·7 min) or carcass composition of representative pigs from each litter killed at 28 days of age. Between Days 14 and 28, female pigs grew faster than male pigs (304·3±9·3 v. 292·0±9· 2 g/day). These results demonstrate that provision of supplemental milk to sucking pigs can improve preweaning growth rate and the response increased as lactation proceeded.

Growth and carcase composition of yearling cattle fattened on combinations of hay, grain and NPN in a feedlot and on grain supplemented pastures

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Corah ◽  
SA Jackson ◽  
AH Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Comparable Quality

Hereford steers aged 10 to 12 months were fattened on a range of diets including two types of hay (pasture hay, oaten hay), three types of grain (oats, wheat, barley), four levels of oats (1/2, 1 and 1 1/2 per cent of liveweight per day and ad libitum) and non-protein nitrogen as a supplement to the oaten hay. In addition, two groups of steers were grazed on pasture and one of these was supplemented with oats at the rate of 13 per cent of liveweight per day. The experiment was conducted at the Pastoral Research Station in western Victoria. Steers fed pasture hay, either alone or with oats, gained at a faster rate than steers fed oaten hay, alone or with oats. As the level of grain in the rations increased, liveweight gains of the steers increased. The steers given the highest levels of grain (1 1/2 per cent liveweight and ad libitum) produced the most acceptable carcases as assessed by fat cover and the physical properties of the lean. As the level of grain was increased, the conversion of feed to liveweight gain was improved and the time required to reach the desired weight was reduced. Rations of barley, wheat or oats had similar effects on growth rate and carcass composition when they were fed at a rate equal to one per cent of the liveweight of the steers per day. The NPN supplement, biuret, had little effect when fed as a supplement to oaten hay. The feeding of grain as a supplement to pasture doubled the growth rate of the steers. The carcases of steers receiving oat grain on pasture were of comparable quality and produced in a similar time to those of the fastest gaining feedlot groups. The results do not provide any evidence which would justify the practice of confining such steers in a feedlot.

Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Score Distributions

The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.

Growth of carcass joints and tissues in steers of three breed types fed two dietary energy levels

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
M. G. Keane ◽  
G. J. More O’ Ferrall ◽  
J. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Factors which affect the carcass composition of beef cattle include breed type, plane of nutrition and slaughter weight. With increasing weight, the relative proportions of the carcass joints and tissues change and if these changes were known or could be predicted then cattle could be slaughtered at the desired carcass composition. Dairy bred calves for beef production can be classified into three breed categories -straightbred Friesians, early maturing beef breed x Friesians and late maturing beef breed x Friesians. The objectives of the present study were to compare the changes in carcass composition associated with changes in slaughter weight in Friesian (FF), Hereford x Friesian (HF) and Charolais x Friesian (CF) steers and to determine the effects of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) content.

The effects of plane of nutrition and slaughter weight on the performance and carcass composition of continental beef bulls given high forage diets

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Patterson ◽  
C. A. Moore ◽  
R. W. J. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractBulls (½ Blonde d'Aquitaine ⅜ Charolais) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial design experiment with two planes of nutrition in the finishing period and three slaughter weights. High and low planes of nutrition were based on diets with similar forage to concentrate ratio (0·40 of dry matter (DM)) offered ad libitum or at 0·78 of ad libitum DM intake at equal live weight respectively. The target slaughter live weights were 550, 625 and 700 kg. Twelve bulls were taken to each slaughter point and an additional five animals were killed as a pre-experimental slaughter group. Mean initial live weight was 412 (s.e. 5·3) kg at a mean age of 342 (s.e. 2·5) days. No significant interactions were found between the main factors. For the high and low planes, live-weight and estimated carcass gains were 1251 and 989 (s.e. 47·7), and 816 and 668 (s.e. 35·3) g/day respectively, the reduction in gains being similar to the proportional degree of nutritional restriction. Plane of nutrition had no effect on live-weight or carcass gain per unit of energy intake. The low plane of nutrition produced significant decreases in body cavity fat depots, subcutaneous fat in the sample joint and increased the proportions of both saleable beef and high-priced joints in the carcass.With increase in slaughter weight, energy intake per unit of live weight0·75 and rates of both live-weight and carcass gain tended to decline. The dressing proportions were 583,579 and 609 (s.e. 9·1) g/kg for the slaughter live weights of 550, 625 and 700 kg. Carcass conformation improved while fat depots in the body cavity and estimated concentration of separable fat in the carcass increased with increase in slaughter weight, and both estimated lean and bone concentrations decreased. Forequarter as a proportion of total side tended to increase with increase in slaughter weight. Slaughter weight had no effect on concentration of saleable meat or ultimate pH of carcass muscle. It is concluded that bulls of this genotype can be taken to high slaughter weights on diets having a relatively high proportion of forage as grass silage, with high rates of growth and acceptable carcass leanness.

The effects of a combined androgenic-oestrogenic anabolic agent in steers and bulls 1. Growth and carcass composition

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Fisher ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
O. P. Whelehan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Production ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Anabolic Agent ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet

ABSTRACTTwenty-one pairs of male cattle twins, 10 of which were monozygotic, were used in a study of the effects of a combined implant of trenbolone acetate (140 mg) and oestradiol-17B (20 mg) on growth and carcass composition. There were three comparisons within pairs: (1) between bulls and steers (no implants); (2) between bulls and implanted steers; and (3) between bulls and implanted bulls.Implants were given twice, at 44 to 73 days and at 300 days of age. Animals were slaughtered at 400 days following recorded consumption of a complete pelleted diet given ad libitum. Carcasses were separated into tissues and lean and fat were chemically analysed. The effects of castration and/or implantation on growth and carcass composition were assessed by comparison with the untreated (control) bull values within each group and expressed as a ratio (treatedxontrol). These ratios were then compared between groups.Bulls were significantly heavier than steers at slaughter (29·6 kg, P < 0·05), but were not heavier than implanted steers. Implantation of steers tended to increase appetite; it proportionately increased lean and protein production by about 0·1, and partly reversed the effects of castration on the length of limb bones and the weights of reproductive organs and hide. The proportions of carcass tissues were very similar in the untreated and implanted steers. In bulls, implantation increased the weight of fatty tissue in the subcutaneous and intermuscular depots, but it had small effects on other carcass characteristics.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

Comparison of Duroc and British Landrace pigs and the estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth and carcass traits

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTDuroc and halothane negative British Landrace boars and gilts were performance tested on ad libitum or restricted feeding regimes, with like-sexed non-littermate groups of one, two, three or four pigs per pen. There was a total of 320 pigs with 20 litter groups per breed with four boars and four gilts per litter group. Within each feeding regime, a boar and a gilt from each litter were tested on one of two diets in 1986, for each of the four combinations, and pigs were tested similarly for two other diets in 1987. Carcass composition was determined by half-carcass dissection of 160 pigs allocated between treatments.There was a breed × sex interaction for growth and performance traits for pigs fed ad libitum. Duroc boars were faster growing and more efficient than Landrace boars, but Duroc gilts grew more slowly and were less efficient than Landrace gilts. On restricted feeding, Duroc pigs were more efficient than Landrace pigs.At constant slaughter weight, Duroc pigs had less subcutaneous fat but more intermuscular fat. Although they had less separable fat in the carcass, Duroc pigs were not leaner as weights of bone, skin, head, feet and tail were heavier than for Landrace pigs.Group penning and group feeding of pigs may have enhanced competition effects resulting in positive genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth rate and backfat depths on both feeding regimes.The positive genetic correlation between growth rate and fat deposition resulted in a negative genetic correlation between growth rate and carcass lean content and a lower genetic correlation with lean tissue growth rate than in other studies.

The effects of two methods of increasing age at slaughter on carcass and muscle traits and meat sensory quality in pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lebret ◽  
H. Juin ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
M. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 30-day increase in age of pigs slaughtered at 110 kg body weight (BW) on carcass and m. longissimus dorsi (LD) and m. biceps femoris (BF) traits, and meat sensory quality. A total of 60 pigs from two genotypes: synthetic line ✕ (Large White ✕ Landrace) (SL) and Duroc ✕ (Large White ✕ Landrace) (D) were used, each genotype containing five groups of six littermates (three castrated males and three females). At the average BW of 30 kg, littermates of the same sex were allocated to three groups. Pigs of group AL were offered ad libitum a standard growing-finishing diet (13·6 MJ/kg digestible energy, 9·5 g/kg of lysine) from 30 up to 110 kg BW. The R1 pigs received the same diet at 0·75 of the ad libitum intake of their AL littermates. The R2 pigs were submitted to both energy and protein restrictions in order to get the same growth rate as the R1 pigs and the same body composition as the AL pigs. Results were similar in both genotypes. In agreement with the protocol, age at slaughter was increased by 30 days in R1 and R2, and AL and R2 pigs had comparable carcass composition. Compared with AL, average daily gain was decreased in R1 and R2 pigs, and food efficiency was decreased in R2, but remained unaffected in R1 pigs. Intramuscular fat (IMF) concentration was decreased in the R1 pigs, especially in BF (15·5 v. 19·7 mg/g), while it was increased in the LD of the R2 pigs, particularly in the D animals (24·2 v. 17·4 mg/g), compared with AL pigs. Meat quality parameters (rate and extent of pH fall, reflectance and drip loss) were similar in the three feeding regimens. The taste panel did not find any significant difference between feeding regimens for tenderness, juiciness, flavour, flour sensation after mastication and mouth coating of the meat, despite the differences reported in IMF concentration. This suggests that, for the genotypes used in this experiment, an increase of 30 days in the age at slaughter greatly influences the carcass and/or the muscle chemical composition, depending on the feeding strategy applied to reduce the growth rate but does not strongly modify the meat eating quality.

Effect of breed type, sex, method of rearing, winter nutrition and subsequent grazing treatment on lifetime performance and carcass composition in a 20-month beef system: carcass characteristics

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hinks ◽  
E. A. Hunter ◽  
B. G. Lowman ◽  
N. A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Winter Feeding

AbstractIn a lifetime study of spring-born cattle in a 20-month beef system the effects of production factors on carcass characteristics were examined using 302 serially slaughtered animals born in three consecutive years. A multifactorial design was used with three animal factors — maturity (early maturing Hereford crosses v. late maturing Charolais crosses), sex (heifer v. steer) and method of rearing (suckled calves v. bucket-reared calves). After an initial rearing period, feeding treatments were imposed during the subsequent winter period, followed by the imposition of two sward heights (low 6 to 8 cm and high 8 to 10 cm) during the subsequent grazing season. An initial representative group of 16 cattle was slaughtered at the start of the grazing season and most of the remaining cattle were subsequently slaughtered off grass at three randomly allocated slaughter times, on average 67, 110 and 154 days post turn-out. Interactions between the main production factors were not significant with the exception of slaughter date with winter feeding levels for fat in rib joint and weight of saleable meat, and slaughter date and sex for live weight, carcass weight and weight of saleable meat. Breed type, sex and method of rearing affected the weight of saleable meat off grass by 14·7, 14·8 and 5·6 kg respectively. The influence of the winter feeding treatments on the weight of saleable meat was small by the time the final group were slaughtered. Sward height had a transient effect on weight, condition and carcass composition, the effects becoming less evident as the grazing season progressed. The effect of delaying slaughter had the largest and most significant influence on carcass composition of all the production factors studied, although changes in body composition between slaughter dates were relatively slow.

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