Effect of creep feeding oat grain to beef calves on their growth rate, carcase composition and post-weaning performance in a feedlot

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Corah ◽  
AH Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum

Autumn and spring born Hereford calves grazing together with their dams were offered a ration of oaten grain ad libitum in a creep enclosure to which only the calves had access from November to weaning. Similar groups received no oat ration. At weaning the heifers of each age were slaughtered and carcase characteristics were determined. The steers were placed in a feedlot and given a ration of hay and grain until they attained an unfasted weight of 340 kg. The creep fed calves maintained their earlier growth rates after taking the creep ration, whereas the growth rate of the unfed controls declined from this time. Time of birth, creep feeding and sex all affected liveweight gain to weaning. Creep feeding increased the carcase weight of the heifers and also affected dressing percentage, eye muscle area, fat thickness and chemical composition. Creep feeding prior to weaning did not influence the average daily weight gains or feed efficiency of steers subsequently fed a fattening ration in a feedlot but it greatly shortened the feeding period to attain the desired market weight. However, the reduction in feed required would be insufficient to compensate for the oats given during creep feeding. The economics of creep feeding will depend on the price of grain in relation to the value of weaned calves in slaughter condition.

Development of a synthetic pig sire line by selection with immigration 1. Results of selection and heritability estimates

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Webb ◽  
J. W. B. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Teat Number ◽  
Line Selection

SUMMARYStarting in 1959 from a crossbred foundation, a specialized synthetic sire line has been developed with the aim of making rapid genetic improvement in lean meat production. Within-line selection, firston ultrasonic backfat and then on a performance index, was supplemented over 11 generations by a process of competitive immigration, in which individuals of any breed from outside were incorporated into the line on merit. By Generation 11 the Sire Line contained genes from 9 pure breeds and 2 hybrid strains.After a rapid initial phenotypic decline in backfat, there was little apparent response to index selection. In Generation 11, a centrally tested sample of the Sire Line showed significant improvements over contemporary Large Whites in growth rate, feed efficiency, eye-muscle area, lean percentage and some fat depths, but was significantly worse in killing-out percentage. With the exception of teat number there was no evidence of a decline in reproductive performance, to which no attention was paid during selection. Estimated heritabilities of growth rate and backfat were not sufficiently different from those reported for purebred pig populations to indicate that additive genetic variance had been changed by mixing breeds. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of the ‘open synthetic’ method of genetic improvement are discussed.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF FISHMEAL

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sugar Levels

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 48 beef calves were used to determine growth response when two grass silages of contrasting nutritive value were supplemented with small amounts of barley or fishmeal. The silages were fed ad libitum for 112 d either alone or supplemented with 500 g barley or 500 g fishmeal per day. Both silages had similar cell wall and organic acid contents but silage 1 had higher nitrogen, 3.1 vs. 2.4% of dry matter (DM), and lower soluble sugar levels, 3.7 vs. 7.7% of DM, compared with silage 2. Animals fed silage 2 alone grew faster (P < 0.01) than calves fed silage 1 alone, 1.25 vs. 0.88 kg d−1. Supplementation with barley had no effect (P > 0.05) on liveweight gain; however, fishmeal substantially increased growth rate on both silages (P < 0.01), 0.49 and 0.3 kg d−1 for silages 1 and 2 respectively. Fishmeal tended to increase total DM intake of the silage 1 diet by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on DM intake of either silage (P > 0.05). Fishmeal supplementation also resulted in improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency with both silages. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

Accuracy and consistency of prediction of pig carcass lean concentration from P2 fat thickness and sample joint dissection

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Planella ◽  
G. L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Regression Slope ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pig Carcasses

AbstractCommercial carcass grading measurements and sample joint dissection were evaluated as predictors of carcass lean concentration using a data set of 1320 pig carcasses from four breeding companies. Entire males, castrated males and gilts from White-type and Meat-type populations were reared on ad libitum or restricted feeding regimens and slaughtered to achieve a carcass weight of either 52·5 kg or 72·5 kg. A model was fitted which examined the accuracy and stability of regression equations for different populations, sexes and feeding regimens, and different values of P2 and carcass weight. The regression slope of lean concentration on P2 differed by sex and population. Lean concentration decreased faster with increases in P2 among gilts than among entire or castrated males. At the same level of P2 and carcass weight, pigs fed ad libitum contained 5 g/kg less lean in the carcass than pigs fed at a restricted level. Biases among populations, sexes and feeding regimens were also found when carcass lean concentration was predicted from additional measurements: muscle depth at P2, fat thickness and muscle depth at 3/4 last ribs, and eye-muscle area. The regression slope of lean concentration on sample joints showed little evidence of variation among populations (except for the hand joint), sexes or feeding regimens. There were important differences in the intercept for different populations. The ham was the most accurate (residual s.d. = 11 g/kg) and least biased joint.

scholarly journals PSIV-B-28 Late-Breaking: Performance and carcass quality of Nelore bull’s progenies with contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 319-321
Author(s):  
Taiane S Martins ◽  
Juliana Silva ◽  
Lenise Mueller ◽  
Tamyres Amorim ◽  
Annelise Aila G Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Nelore Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance and the carcass traits of Nelore cattle progenies from bulls selected by contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity, through the Expected Progeny Difference (EPD). One hundred and five Nelore bulls (initial weight of 350kg±15kg) and 20 months of age were confined and fed with same diet (73% of concentrate). Thirty-two animals were selected to create the contrasting groups for precocity, growth and muscularity (16 animals assigned as a low EPD group - LEPD and 16 animals assigned as a high EPD group - HEPD), based on the EPD of their parents. The ribeye area and backfat thickness were performed by ultrasonography of 12–13th rib fat thickness and longissimus muscle area (LMA), as well as rump fat thickness (RF) measurements. Animals were harvested after 100 days and during the deboning, meat cuts were weight for cutting yield. The animals selected for the HEPD group had greater average daily gain (P = 0.006), which can be explained by the higher feed intake (P = 0.006). However, there are no difference between groups for the final body weight (P = 0.254) and feed efficiency (P = 0.715). The LEPD group presented higher dressing percentage (P = 0.028). Although the groups evaluated did not presented difference in LMA (P = 0.329) and weight of longissimus muscle (P = 0.480), the weight of rump displayed heaviest in the HEPD (P = 0.037). There was no difference between groups for RF (P = 0.086). Nevertheless, backfat thickness was higher in HEPD group (P = 0.006). The present study indicates that Nelore cattle progenies, with parents displaying higher potential for precocity, growth, and muscularity, show greater backfat thickness and weightiest of rump than the other genetic backgrounds. Thanks to FAPESP for the scholarship (Grant # 2017/02349–1).

scholarly journals Productive performance, body chemical composition, and deposition of 42-day-old quail for meat subjected to quantitative dietary restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane De Oliveira Grieser ◽  
Simara Márcia Marcato ◽  
Mariana Fátima Zanon Ferreira ◽  
Taciana Maria de Oliveira-Bruxel ◽  
Vittor Zancanela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study aimed to assess the effect of quantitative dietary restriction during refeeding on the performance, body chemical composition, and deposition, weight gain of organs and carcass parts of quails reared for meat (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total of 144 quails, between 11 to 42 days old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, 4x2 factorial scheme, at four levels of feed restriction (ad libitum, 30%, 50% and 70% restrictions on the daily intake ad libitum) for both genders. Therefore, there was eight treatments with three replicates and six birds each. At the tenth day of age, the animals were housed in cages, where remained for four days under adaptation. Dietary restriction was applied between the days 15 and 35 while refeeding was carried out from day 36 to 42. Compensatory weight gain (CWG), i.e. weight gain of organs and carcass parts, and feed efficiency (FE) were improved for quails under feed restriction. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat in females (FDf) and carcass retained energy in females (CREf) increased linearly as restriction levels decreased. Maximum estimates of feed intake for males (MFIm), compensatory weight gain for males (CWGm) and females (CWGf), feed efficiency for males (FEm), protein deposition for males (PDm) and carcass retained energy in males (CREm) were obtained with restriction levels of 43.56%, 30.56%, 63.93%, 62.63%, 80.25%, 1.94% and 09.34% if compared to ad libitum, respectively. As a result, we concluded that according to quantitative feed restriction level, significant increases in feed efficiency and body weight gain, as well as decreases in carcass fat throughout quail refeeding period. As for gender, given the existing sexual dimorphism, females lost greater body weight than males under dietary restriction, besides showing higher protein and fat gains in the carcass and an enhanced feed efficiency during refeeding.

Selection for efficient lean growth in a pig herd

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP McPhee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Lean Growth

A pig herd was selected for 6 years by using an economic index combining growth rate, food conversion efficiency and carcass leanness. These three traits were all measured in a performance test which permitted appetite variation between pigs to be expressed. Boars selected with an intensity of 118 were used for 6 months, and sows with an intensity of 114 were kept for two farrowings. An unselected control herd was maintained concurrently. To measure selection response, selected (S) and control (C) pigs were compared as they grew from 25 to 90 kg liveweight on ad lib. and restricted feeding during the last 2 years of selection. The following significant (P < 0.05) responses occurred in the selection herd: (i) A slight increase in growth rate on restricted feed, balanced by a similar decrease on ad lib, feeding. (ii) A decline in food conversion ratio of 5 % (C, 2.79; S, 2.65) due mainly to a reduction in appetite. (On ad lib. feeding, food intake per day declined by 6 % (C, 2.30 kg/d; S, 2.16 kg/d.)). (iii) A decline in average subcutaneous fat depth by 11 % (C, 27.8 mm; S, 24.7 mm) and in fat dissected from the ham by 7 % (C, 2.80 kg; S, 2.61 kg). (iv) An increase in estimated lean in the carcass by 2% (C, 30.3 kg; S, 31.0 kg). (v) A decline in dressing percentage of the carcass by 1 % (C, 77.1 %; S, 76.2 %). There was no change in eye muscle area or carcass length. The results are discussed in terms of changes in the ratio of food intake to lean growth. In the group fed ad lib., this ratio declined by 7 %, mainly because of a decline in food intake. On restricted feeding it fell by 6 %, mainly owing to an increase in lean growth. That portion of the selection effort absorbed in reducing food intake may have been more profitably directed to increasing lean growth by suppressing appetite variation during performance testing, rather than allowing it to be expressed.

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

Evaluation of overseas pig breeds using imported semen. 2. Prediction of carcass lean content

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Breed Comparison ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
Imported Semen

SummaryAn analysis of data from the complete dissection of one side from 285 animals from a breed comparison experiment was conducted to determine whether there were important biases in the prediction of percentage lean in the side based on dissection of the rumpback joint and, if so, whether the dissection of any of five other sample joints would have been better.For estimating lean content of the side, it was found that the lean content of any sample joint except the hand was a more precise predictor than standard carcass measurements alone, while including the latter in a prediction equation based on a single sample joint dissection improved precision further. For prediction based on lean in the sample joint alone, any one of the ribback, ham and rumpback was best. If other carcass measurements were included (in particular, C fat depth, eye-muscle area and trimming percentage were found to be useful), there was little to choose between the joints. For all joints there were differences between sire breeds (Large White, Canadian Yorkshire, U.S. Duroc, U.S. Yorkshire, Danish Landrace or Norwegian Landrace), sexes (hog or gilt) and feeding regimens (ad libitum or scale) in lean content of the side at constant lean content of the sample joint, but the regression slopes differed only when the rumpback or streak was used as a predictor, and then only between ad libitum and scale-fed pigs. It will therefore be important in any future such experiment fully to dissect a sample of each class (breed, feeding regimen and sex) to provide unbiased estimates of the differences in lean content. A sample of 30 from each class should allow the differences to be estimated adequately.

scholarly journals The performance testing of boars II. Phenotypic and genetic correlations

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Elsi Ettala
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Different Characteristics

In this study the interrelationships between the various characteristics for the boar material described in the first part were analysed. For this purpose the phenotypic, genetic and intra-sire correlation matrix as well as stepwise multiple regression analyses were calculated by computer for the material of 138 boars. The results showed that there was a very strong correlation between fat thickness and testing score (rG = —0.95***, rP = —0.88***). Of the total variation in the testing score 85.2 % was accounted for by the variation in fat thickness. Although the testing score is made up of the points for fat thickness and growth, the latter accounted for only 9.2 % of the variation in the score. Daily growth was positively associated with the testing score and negatively with the amount of feed units required per growth kilogram, but significantly so only for the intra-sire correlations; the genetic correlations being even, contrary to expectation. The association between growth rate and fat thickness was positive (rG = 0.47***). Of the total variation in feed efficiency the testing score accounted for 35.6 %. A high testing score was associated with a favourable feed efficiency (rg = —0.63***). By correlation studies attempts were also made to find out whether it would be possible to shorten the testing period without decreasing the accuracy. The correlations show that the growth rate can be predicted with an appreciable degree of accuracy already from the weight at the 8th testing week. The correlations between the above weight and growth rates were; rG = 0.84***, rP = 0.82***. From the associations between different characteristics one can decide on the suitability of testing and the consequences of selection for particular traits.

scholarly journals Effect of restricted feeding under rearing on reproduction, body condition and blood metabolites of rabbit does selected for growth rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Naturil-Alfonso ◽  
F. Marco-Jiménez ◽  
J.J. Pascual ◽  
J.S. Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Young Rabbit ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Perirenal Fat

Young rabbit females selected for growth rate can have nutritional needs which may not be met by the common practice of feed restriction during rearing in commercial rabbit production. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of two different feeding programmes: restricted and ad libitum feeding, applied in young rabbit females for one month at the end of rearing, on reproductive performance, body condition and circulating metabolic hormones and metabolites in a rabbit line selected by growth rate in 3 consecutive reproductive cycles. Thus, twenty-four 16-week-old does were randomly assigned to a group in which the daily recommended nutrient intakes were satisfied (fed restricted: 130 g/day, n=13) or a group fed to satiety (ad libitum: 235.5 g/day, n=11) during one month. Then, all does were inseminated in 3 consecutive cycles using a 42-day reproductive cycle. Measurements of does’ body weight, perirenal fat thickness and plasma leptin, non-esterified-fatty-acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) and fructosamine were performed at artificial insemination (AI), parturition and weaning time in 3 consecutive cycles. Reproductive performance of does was evaluated based on fertility, litter size at parturition, prolificacy and productivity. Differences in body weight were found only in the 1<sup>st</sup> cycle, ad libitum fed females being heavier than restricted ones. Nevertheless, body weight variances disappeared in later cycles. No differences were found in perirenal fat thickness. Finally, in ad libitum fed females slight differences were found in plasma levels of NEFAs (452 vs. 258 μekv/L and 527 vs. 306 μekv/L for 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> cycles) and BOHB (0.26 vs. 0.03 mM for 2<sup>nd</sup> cycle), but disappeared in the 3<sup>rd</sup> reproductive cycle. Fertility, prolificacy and productivity was not significantly affected by the feeding programme. Nevertheless, total litter size showed to be higher in ad libitum fed females at second parturition (8.7 vs. 5.9 kits). Therefore, the evaluated feeding programmes until first AI in females selected by growth rate had no effect on their reproductive outcomes, as the global reproductive performance was not affected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document