UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF FISHMEAL

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1225-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sugar Levels

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 48 beef calves were used to determine growth response when two grass silages of contrasting nutritive value were supplemented with small amounts of barley or fishmeal. The silages were fed ad libitum for 112 d either alone or supplemented with 500 g barley or 500 g fishmeal per day. Both silages had similar cell wall and organic acid contents but silage 1 had higher nitrogen, 3.1 vs. 2.4% of dry matter (DM), and lower soluble sugar levels, 3.7 vs. 7.7% of DM, compared with silage 2. Animals fed silage 2 alone grew faster (P < 0.01) than calves fed silage 1 alone, 1.25 vs. 0.88 kg d−1. Supplementation with barley had no effect (P > 0.05) on liveweight gain; however, fishmeal substantially increased growth rate on both silages (P < 0.01), 0.49 and 0.3 kg d−1 for silages 1 and 2 respectively. Fishmeal tended to increase total DM intake of the silage 1 diet by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on DM intake of either silage (P > 0.05). Fishmeal supplementation also resulted in improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency with both silages. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

scholarly journals Effects of different restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage and barley based diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Manni ◽  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Erkki Joki-Tokola ◽  
Arto Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dairy Bulls

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls. The feeding experiment comprised in total 32 Finnish Ayrshire bulls with an initial mean live weight (LW) of 122 kg and age of 114 days. Feeding treatments were silage ad libitum and daily barley allowance of 93 g kg-1 LW0.60 (A); restricted feeding (R) at 0.80 × A; increasing feeding (I) similar to R until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to A; and decreasing feeding (D) similar to A until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to R. Restricted feeding strategies decreased daily dry matter intake and LW gain and increased the time to reach the target carcass weight (300 kg). Bulls on I exhibited compensatory growth. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency between the treatments. The present experiment indicates that silage intake ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate resulted in most effective beef production.

scholarly journals Composition, intakes and apparent digestibility of 3 grass silages offered to horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
L. Istasse ◽  
C. Van Eenaeme ◽  
J.L. Hornick ◽  
P. Van Calster ◽  
D. Huet
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum

Hay is an usual component of horse diet. Nevertheless, it is suspected to provide some spores causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Grass silage has been suggested as forage in the diet to overcome the problem. It was therefore of interest to assess the nutritive value of grass silage in horses.Three silages with different dry matter (DM) content were compared. Since horses dislike grass silage with a low DM content, wilted silages only were compared. The first two were first cut grass silages with a low DM content at 427.3 g/kg (LGS) or a medium DM content (661.7 g/kg - MGS). They were compared with a second cut silage from grass grown under very dry conditions (HGS - 787.5 g/kg). The grass was ensiled in square big bales. The 3 silages were offered alone and ad libitum to 4 sport horses in 3 consecutive periods,each silage being offered during one period.

scholarly journals Composition, intakes and apparent digestibility of 3 grass silages offered to horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
L. Istasse ◽  
C. Van Eenaeme ◽  
J.L. Hornick ◽  
P. Van Calster ◽  
D. Huet
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ad Libitum

Hay is an usual component of horse diet. Nevertheless, it is suspected to provide some spores causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Grass silage has been suggested as forage in the diet to overcome the problem. It was therefore of interest to assess the nutritive value of grass silage in horses.Three silages with different dry matter (DM) content were compared. Since horses dislike grass silage with a low DM content, wilted silages only were compared. The first two were first cut grass silages with a low DM content at 427.3 g/kg (LGS) or a medium DM content (661.7 g/kg - MGS). They were compared with a second cut silage from grass grown under very dry conditions (HGS - 787.5 g/kg). The grass was ensiled in square big bales. The 3 silages were offered alone and ad libitum to 4 sport horses in 3 consecutive periods,each silage being offered during one period.

Effect of a mixture of salts of carboxylic acids on silage conservation, voluntary intake and growth rate of cattle fed grass silages

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
R. E. McQueen ◽  
D. M. Veira ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Protein Solubilization ◽  
Carbohydrate Fermentation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

A mixture of carboxylic salts (CS) was used to restrict the extent of fermentation in predominantly grass silages. In trial 1, wilted annual ryegrass/red clover [292 g dry matter (DM) kg−1] was ensiled without additive or after application of 8 L carboxylic salts t−1 fresh forage at ensiling. After 5 mo storage in a plastic silo tube, silages were offered to growing Holstein steers ad libitum, either alone or with 2 kg barley d−1 for 70 d. Use of CS restricted the extent of carbohydrate fermentation and protein solubilization compared with the untreated silage. When fed to steers, CS-treated silage resulted in higher intakes and body weight (BW) gains. Barley supplementation increased total DM intake, but reduced silage intake. Feeding barley increased BW gain. Feed conversion efficiency was improved by CS in unsupplemented silages but not in supplemented silages. In trial 2, first-cut, wilted orchardgrass/red clover was ensiled at 283 g DM kg−1 either with formic acid (FA) at 2 L t−1 or CS at 3.5 L t−1 in bunker silos. The regrowth was ensiled at 304 g DM kg−1 either with FA at 4 L t−1 or CS at 5.3 L t−1 in heap silos. Both CS- and FA-treated first-cut silages underwent butyric acid fermentations. Both second-cut silages were well preserved. Relative to the FA treatment, CS had little influence on fermentation or protein solubilization of the ensiled grass. When fed to growing heifers, intake and BW gains were less for first-cut than second-cut silages. There was no effect of additive on DM intake or BW gain, but feed to gain ratio was better in heifers fed CS-treated than FA-treated silage for both cuts. Carboxylic salts were effective at restricting fermentation and protein solubilization in silage which was beneficial to animal performance. Key words: Grass, silage additive, carboxylic salts, growth, beef

Effect of creep feeding oat grain to beef calves on their growth rate, carcase composition and post-weaning performance in a feedlot

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (74) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
LR Corah ◽  
AH Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Ad Libitum

Autumn and spring born Hereford calves grazing together with their dams were offered a ration of oaten grain ad libitum in a creep enclosure to which only the calves had access from November to weaning. Similar groups received no oat ration. At weaning the heifers of each age were slaughtered and carcase characteristics were determined. The steers were placed in a feedlot and given a ration of hay and grain until they attained an unfasted weight of 340 kg. The creep fed calves maintained their earlier growth rates after taking the creep ration, whereas the growth rate of the unfed controls declined from this time. Time of birth, creep feeding and sex all affected liveweight gain to weaning. Creep feeding increased the carcase weight of the heifers and also affected dressing percentage, eye muscle area, fat thickness and chemical composition. Creep feeding prior to weaning did not influence the average daily weight gains or feed efficiency of steers subsequently fed a fattening ration in a feedlot but it greatly shortened the feeding period to attain the desired market weight. However, the reduction in feed required would be insufficient to compensate for the oats given during creep feeding. The economics of creep feeding will depend on the price of grain in relation to the value of weaned calves in slaughter condition.

EVALUATION DE L’ENSILAGE D’HERBE ENTREPOSE DANS DES SILOS-MEULES ET TRAITE AVEC UN MELANGE FORMALDEHYDE-ACIDE SULFURIQUE (SYLADE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
GHISLAIN PELLETIER ◽  
J.-C. ST-PIERRE ◽  
J. E. COMEAU
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Animal Performances

Chemical analysis, in vivo digestibility and sheep performance were used to determine the nutritive value of unpacked or packed, Sylade-treated or untreated grass silages. Materials were ensiled in stack silos. The pH was lower in packed grass silage than in unpacked silage. Sylade treatment of the packed silage reduced protein degradation and increased digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, nitrogen and energy retained as a percent of a total energy intake. However, the energy intake and nitrogen balance were not affected by treatments. Growth and feed efficiency were not improved in Sylade-treated silage. Animal performances were similar under all treatments. Feed intake was slightly increased for the lambs fed unpacked silage.

UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: EFFECT OF BARLEY AND FISHMEAL SUPPLEMENTS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Large Reduction ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 36 beef steers were used to determine production responses when grass silage was supplemented with barley or fishmeal. The silage was made from direct-cut, formic- acid-treated grass harvested from a mixed sward and had a high nitrogen content but poor fermentation characteristics. The silage was fed ad libitum for 98 days either alone or supplemented with 500 g fishmeal or 500 g barley per day. Both fishmeal and barley increased total dry matter intake (P < 0.01) by an amount equivalent to the quantity of supplement offered but had no effect on silage intake (P > 0.05). Steers fed the fishmeal grew substantially faster than either the barley (0.53 kg/day) or unsupplemented (0.54 kg/day) groups (P < 0.01). Fishmeal supplementation resulted in a large reduction (35%) in the amount of feed required per kilogram of gain. Key words: Cattle, grass silage, fishmeal, growth

scholarly journals NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH AND DRIED MARROW-STEM KALE HARVESTED AT TWO DIFFERENT PERIODS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
E. DONEFER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Three yearling Cheviot × Suffolk ewes and three Columbia wethers were confined in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum fresh and dried marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala D.C.) harvested in mid- and late October. Chemical analyses of the forages indicated no marked effects on any of the plant constituents due to drying or advancing maturity. Digestibility measurements demonstrated that marrow-stem kale (MSK) was a highly digestible material with an average dry matter digestibility of 78%. The fresh forages had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter and gross energy digestibility values than the dried form. Dry matter digestibility coefficients were higher (P < 0.05) for late October as compared with the earlier harvest. A trend toward higher (P > 0.05) voluntary intake values due to drying maturity was observed with an average relative intake of 80%. The nutritive value index averaged 65, thus indicating a digestible energy intake similar to a high-quality (legume) forage.

scholarly journals A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

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