Trichostrongylosis and wool growth. 2. The wool growth response of infected sheep to parenteral and duodenal cystine and cysteine supplementation

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Barger ◽  
WH Southcott ◽  
VJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Cysteine Hydrochloride ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maintenance Ration

Two experiments are reported. In experiment 1, light infections with the intestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis reduced wool growth of sheep by 42 per cent compared with pair-fed controls. There was no significant difference in wool growth between those sheep given a cystine supplement as an intraperitoneal pellet and those given a daily intra-duodenal injection of cystine, although cystine was poorly absorbed from the peritoneal cavity. In experiment 2, fifteen sheep were fed a maintenance ration and their wool growth rates defined. When six of the sheep were given a daily intra-duodenal drip containing 2 g cysteine hydrochloride, and six sheep were given the same drip intravenously, their wool growth rate increased by a mean of 33 per cent compared with the wool growth of the three untreated sheep, irrespective of the route of administration of the cysteine. Three sheep in each group of six were then lightly infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and the wool production of all sheep was measured in the presence and absence of the daily cysteine supplement via the two routes. The infection depressed wool growth, but did not influence the wool growth response to either route of cysteine supplementation. It was concluded that the reduced wool growth induced by trichostrongylosis could not be attributed to malabsorption of cysteine. Evidence was obtained that sheep resistant to Trichostrongylus colubriformis produced less wool when subjected to a larval challenge.

Trichostrongylosis and wool growth. 3. The wool growth response of resistant grazing sheep to larval challenge

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Barger ◽  
WH Southcott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Presence And Absence

Wool growth rates of grazing sheep that were resistant to infection with the intestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis were measured in the presence and absence of a larval challenge. In one experiment, resistant sheep exposed to a moderate level of larval challenge grew 11 per cent less wool than unchallenged resistant sheep grazing the same paddock. A second experiment confirmed the previous results but showed that the magnitude of this wool growth depression did not depend on the severity of the challenge

Effects of level of larval intake on the productivity and physiological and metabolic responses of lambs infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Steel ◽  
LEA Symons ◽  
WO Jones
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Wool Growth

The interrelationships between level of exposure to Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection, production loss, and the physiological and metabolic changes associated with the development of the disease were studied over 24 weeks in groups of weaner lambs on larval dosing regimes (LDR) of either 0, 300, 950, 3000, 9500 or 30,000 infective larvae per week. During the first 12 weeks faecal egg counts generally accorded with the level of larval dosing, but thereafter declined, and at 24 weeks worm counts showed that most animals were resistant to parasite establishment. Liveweight gain over the 24-week infection period was significantly depressed only on LDR 3000, 9500 and 30,000 being, respectively, 67, 61 and 49% of the gain on LDR 0. These differences reflected reduced rates of gain, or, on LDR 30,000, loss of weight, during the first 12 weeks; rates of liveweight gain were similar on all LDR between 12 and 24 weeks. Wool growth rate was significantly depressed on LDR 3000, 9500 and 30,000, the maximal effect being recorded during weeks 8-12, when the growth rate was reduced to 79, 47 and 44% respectively of the rate on LDR 0. Thereafter, wool growth rate on these three LDR increased and by weeks 20-24 had returned almost to the level in uninfected sheep. Food consumption was significantly depressed on LDR 3000, 9500 and 30,000, the maximal effect occurring between weeks 8 and 12 when food consumption was 71, 61 and 44% respectively of that on LDR 0. By weeks 20-24 food consumption on these LDR had returned to the level in uninfected sheep. On LDR 30,000 there was a significantly increased excretion of nitrogen (g/100 g nitrogen intake) in faeces during the 8th, 12th and 24th weeks of infection and in urine during the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. Nitrogen retention (g/100 g nitrogen apparently digested) was significantly reduced on LDR 30,000 during the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. Enteric loss of plasma was significantly increased on LDR 950 and above, this effect occurring earlier and being more pronounced with increasing level of larval dosing; maximal losses were recorded during the 12th week when on LDR 30,000 sheep were losing approximately four times as much plasma into the gut as on LDR 0. The development and degree of hypoalbuminaemia in infected sheep paralleled the development of enteric plasma leakage, significantly reduced albumin levels being recorded on LDR 950 and above during the 12th week. By the 24th week both enteric plasma loss and plasma albumin concentration in sheep on these four LDR had returned to values similar to those in uninfected sheep. Measurements of albumin kinetics indicated that rates of albumin turnover and irreversible loss were increased in infected sheep only during the early stages of infection. Depletion of the albumin pool was accompanied by a significantly reduced rate of irreversible albumin loss during the 12th week on LDR 3000 and above. Measurements of the RNA/DNA ratio in liver and muscle at 4, 10 and 17 weeks indicated that protein synthesis in these tissues was significantly depressed only on LDR 30,000. Catabolism of muscle protein declined concomitantly with reduced food consumption.

The performance of pregnant and lactating Merino ewes and their lambs fed survival rations of wheat grain and sawdust

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata ◽  
Maintenance Ration

Merino ewes were mated at pasture and then fed in pens either a maintenance or an 80 per cent maintenance ration of wheat grain three times a week. Half the animals at each feeding level were offered Spotted Gum (Eucalyptus maculata) sawdust. Addition of sawdust to the ration did not affect liveweight change and the wool growth rate of ewes or the birth weight and growth rate of lambs. It did, however, affect the long-term survival rate of ewes. Of the ewes that died after three months of survival feeding, four were in groups fed wheat alone and one in a group fed sawdust with the wheat. The survival rate and growth rate of lambs in all treatments were poor.

Heterogeneous growth rates of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by retrospective analysis of CT imaging data.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 248-248
Author(s):  
Tanner Mortenson ◽  
Allison Bigeh ◽  
Yighua Chen ◽  
Michael Malek-Ahmadi ◽  
Kewei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Area Change ◽  
Significant Difference

248 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Despite its high mortality, there is no effective screening method or frequency. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate prediagnostic CT images in order to identify growth rate and determine a potential surveillance frequency for at risk patients. Methods: 188 PDAC patients were seen at Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center (BMDACC) from 1/1/2012 to 12/31/2015. 24 patients met the final inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tumor area on CT imaging was then evaluated for rate of change prior to diagnosis. Both absolute and relative areas were plotted against time prior to diagnosis at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months. Results: With two exceptions, no evidence of malignancy was identifiable at two or more years prior to diagnosis. Growth rates per year varied significantly. Absolute area change ranged from 1.7 cm2/yr to 139.22 cm2/yr; relative area change ranged from 1.17 to 7.15. Assuming a spherical mass, these relative changes correspond to relative volume change (ratio) per year of 1.27 and 19.13; the equivalent linear tumor doubling times are 3.7 years and 20 days respectively. Student’s T-test yielded no significant difference for relative growth, absolute growth, PFS, or OS between male and female patients. Conclusions: The heterogeneity in growth rate has significant implications for potential screening of PDAC. Screening interval greater than 1 year is feasible with other slow growing tumors. However, annual screening is not feasible for rapidly growing PDAC. Based on our findings, screening may need to be as frequent as 3-month intervals which would incur significant economic cost. Further correlation of prediagnostic growth rate with molecular changes may be necessary to discover the driver of this heterogeneous growth pattern.

scholarly journals Campylobacter Colonization and Proliferation in the Broiler Chicken upon Natural Field Challenge Is Not Affected by the Bird Growth Rate or Breed

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (21) ◽  
pp. 6733-6738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser J. Gormley ◽  
Richard A. Bailey ◽  
Kellie A. Watson ◽  
Jim McAdam ◽  
Santiago Avendaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commercial Flock ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Market Needs

ABSTRACTThe zoonotic association betweenCampylobacterbacteria in poultry and humans has been characterized by decades of research which has attempted to elucidate the epidemiology of this complex relationship and to reduce carriage within poultry. While much work has focused on the mechanisms facilitating its success in contaminating chicken flocks (and other animal hosts), it remains difficult to consistently excludeCampylobacterunder field conditions. Within the United Kingdom poultry industry, various bird genotypes with widely varying growth rates are available to meet market needs and consumer preferences. However, little is known about whether any differences inCampylobactercarriage exist across this modern broiler range. The aim of this study was to establish if a relationship exists between growth rate or breed and cecalCampylobacterconcentration after natural commercial flockCampylobacterchallenge. In one investigation, four pure line genotypes of various growth rates were grown together, while in the second, eight different commercial broiler genotypes were grown individually. In both studies, theCampylobacterconcentration was measured in the ceca at 42 days of age, revealing no significant difference in cecal load between birds of different genotypes both in mixed- and single-genotype pens. This is important from a public health perspective and suggests that other underlying reasons beyond genotype are likely to control and affectCampylobactercolonization within chickens. Further studies to gain a better understanding of colonization dynamics and subsequent proliferation are needed, as are novel approaches to reduce the burden in poultry.

Adverse effects on growth rates in rats caused by buprenorphine administration

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Analgesic Treatment ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
Significant Difference

As a routine postoperative treatment, a single dose of buprenorphine was given to rats at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg subcutaneously. However, some rats developed abnormal secretions around the nose and mouth and some animals died 3-5 days after surgery and analgesic treatment. At autopsy a yellow fibrous mass was found in the stomach and intestines. Observations of animals given buprenorphine revealed an abnormal ingestion of bedding material. This caused a disturbance to normal digestion, with gastric distension, weight loss or decreased growth rate, constipation and occasionally death. In this study rats were monitored for 6 days following surgery and analgesic treatment. A comparison of growth rates was made between rats given saline and buprenorphine or na1buphine and between animals kept on bedding or grid floors for the first 24 h after treatment. Of the animals held on bedding, the buprenorphine-treated animals did not lose weight as the other animals did, but had on the other hand a decreased growth rate during the measuring period of 6 days after surgery. When denied access to bedding for the first 24 h after surgery, rats given saline or na1buphine had a reduced weight gain over the first 24 h, similar to the groups held on bedding. Rats held on grid floors and given buprenorphine continued to gain weight for the first 24h. From day 3, there was no significant difference between the groups, which all gained weight.

Effect of high intakes of sodium chloride on the utilization of a protein concentrate by sheep. I. Wool growth

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Hemsley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

Both the water intakes and wool growth rates of sheep fed on a high protein diet (37% crude protein), consisting mainly of linseed meal, were significantly increased when salt (c. 130 g sodium chloride per day) was given in both the food and drinking water. Offering the food once a day resulted in a higher wool growth response to salt (22%) as compared with offering the food at 3-hr intervals (14%). It is suggested that the effects of salt were due to reduced ruminal degradation of protein, which remained in the rumen for a shorter time than usual when salt was given.

Fatigue crack growth of rails for railways

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
L F M da Silva ◽  
D J Stewardson ◽  
F M F de Oliveira ◽  
P M S T de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Crack Growth Rates

Fatigue crack growth rates of rails from four European rail manufacturers are presented. The tests performed, on which the present paper is based, are part of the contribution to a project on the fatigue crack growth rate qualifying criteria of rails for railways—SMT4-CT98-2240—part-funded by the European Union. Six different laboratories were involved in measuring the scatter in fatigue crack growth rates. The tests were carried out under a stress ratio of 0.5, with test temperature and relative humidity recorded but not controlled beyond the ambient laboratory condition. The cyclic test frequency was either 10 or 15 Hz. The crack length was measured manually (optical microscope) which requires interruptions to the test overnight. Statistical analysis revealed that interruptions to tests may cause interference with the results. The data were analysed by three procedures: formal methods used were the secant method and the seven-point incremental polynomial technique; in addition, statistical analysis of a more investigative type using running regressions was utilized. It was found that there was no significant difference between the crack growth rate in samples from four different manufacturers.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth traits in Red Chittagong Cattle of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rabeya ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
MS Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was carried out to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) for growth traits. Means of birth weight (BW), three month weight (3MW), six month weight (6MW), weaning weight (WW), nine month weight (9MW) and yearling weight (YW) were 15.74, 31.48, 45.33, 57.00, 60.91 and 76.18 kg respectively. Sex significantly (p<0.001) differed BW of calves but did not differ (p>0.05) 3MW, 6MW, WW, 9MW and YW. BW, 6MW, WW, 9MW and YW did not vary significantly (p>0.05) on year of birth but varied significantly (p<0.01) on 3MW. Season of birth had significant difference on 3MW (p<0.001), 6MW (p<0.01) and WW (p<0.01) but had no significant difference (p>0.05) on BW, 9MW and YW. The growth rates at zero to six month (6MGR) and six to twelve month (12MGR) were 0.17 and 0.17 kg /d respectively. Growth rate in both stages had no significant effect (p>0.05) on sex and year of birth. 6MGR had no significant effect (p>0.05) on season of birth but had significant (p<0.05) effect on 12MGR. From single trait analyses heritability (h2) of BW, 3MW, 6MW, WW, 9MW, YW, 6MGR and 12MGR were 0.497, 0.468, 0.475, 0.467, 0.447, 0.478, 0.499 and 0.65, respectively, whereas from multi-trait analysis heritability (h2) of first four traits were 0.498, 0.456, 0.500 and 0.490, respectively. Genetic correlations of BW with 3MW, 6MW and WW were 0.23, 0.38, and 0.53, respectively, 3MW with 6MW and WW were 0.78 and 0.69, respectively and 6MW with WW was 0.76. Estimated heritability values were rather high in magnitude and indicate that these traits would likely respond to selection. Estimates of phenotypic correlations among the traits studied were very low to moderate with values ranging from -0.40 to 0.81, whereas magnitude of genetic correlation ranged from 0.23 to 0.78. It was concluded that these estimated parameters would help to understand the biology of the traits and in designing breeding programme for other indigenous cattle in general. Keywords: Phenotypic and Genetic parameters; Growth traits; Red Chittagong cattle DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i2.4733 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 265-271, 2009

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kecepatan Pertumbuhan terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Mekanika Kayu Acacia Mangium Umur 4 Tahun Asal Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Fanny Hidayati ◽  
Ramadhani Ayu Purnama ◽  
Harry Praptoyo ◽  
Sri Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Way Anova

Kebutuhan masyarakat akan kayu solid yang semakin meningkat, memberikan peluang bagi jenis pohon cepat tumbuh seperti Acacia mangium untuk digunakan sebagai bahan semi konstruksi maupun konstruksi. Secara umum, kualitas kayu dipengaruhi oleh sifat pertumbuhan terutama kecepatan pertumbuhan. Pengaruh kecepatan pertumbuhan terhadap sifat-sifat kayu mangium belum banyak di diteliti. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu mangium pada kecepatan tumbuh yang berbeda serta hubungan antara kerapatan dasar dengan sifat-sifat lain yang diuji. Sembilan pohon mangium umur 4 tahun yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari Kabupaten Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Adapun sifat-sifaf kayu yang diuji adalah kerapatan dasar, perubahan dimensi, rasio T/R, keteguhan lengkung statis (MOE dan MOR), keteguhan tekan sejajar dan tegak lurus serat. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh diuji dengan one-way ANOVA. Sebagai hasilnya, sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu yang diuji menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata pada tiga kategori kecepatan tumbuh yang berbeda, kecuali pada penyusutan radialnya. Selanjutnya, kerapatan dasar berkorelasi positif secara signifikan terhadap penyusutan radial dan tangensial serta kekuatan tekan sejajar dan tegak lurus serat. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan dasar merupakan indikatoryang bagus untuk mempredikasi sifat fisika dan mekanika kayu mangium. Effect of Growth Rate on Physical and Mechanical Properties of 4-year-old Acacia mangium Wood from Wonogiri, Central JavaAbstractIncreasing solid wood demand provides an opportunity to fast-growing wood species such as Acacia mangium as semi construction and construction materials. In general, the quality of wood is affected by growth characteristics such as radial growth rate. The study about effect of growth rate on the properties of mangium wood is limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of mangium wood at different growth rates. Furthermore, relationship between basic density and other properties was clarified. The nine mangium trees of 4-year-old used in this study were planted in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java. Basic density, shrinkage, T/R ratio, static bending strength (MOE and MOR), compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to grain were determined. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. As a result, the physical and mechanical properties of the woods showed no significant difference in three different categories of growth rates, except for radial shrinkage. Furthermore, the basic density is positively significant correlated with radial and tangential shrinkage and also compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to grain. Based on these results, it is suggesting that basic density is a good indicator for predicting physical and mechanical properties of mangium wood.

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