Usos etnofarmacológicos de plantas en el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Santiago de Cuba

Existe una marcada tendencia en la utilización empírica de plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles siendo necesario el inventario de las mismas. En el presente trabajo se realizó un estudio etnofarmacológico, exploratorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo en comunidades urbanas y rurales de Santiago de Cuba. Se entrevistaron un total de 100 pacientes, realizando la caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica de la comunidad; el análisis de las variables relativas al uso de plantas medicinales y la selección de especies vegetales con potencialidades para el desarrollo de estudios fitoquímicos y farmacológicos. Los entrevistados refirieron las especies más empleadas para el tratamiento de sus enfermedades crónicas, prevaleciendo el sexo femenino, el grupo de edades comprendido entre 40 y 59 años de edad y el nivel de escolaridad en la enseñanza técnico-profesional. Se informaron un total de 51 especies, agrupadas 34 familias. Las plantas con mayores niveles de uso significativo, índice de valor de uso e índice de fidelidad fueron, en el municipio Santiago de Cuba: Allium sativum L. y Ocimum gratissimum (L.) (IF=96%), Chamaemelum nobile L. y Eucalyptus maculata (IF=90%), mientras que en Songo La Maya: Calendula officinalis (L.), Carica papaya (L.) (IF=100%) y Citrus reticulate (IF=95.65%). Las especies con mayores potencialidades para futuros estudios fitoquímicos y farmacológicos resultaron ser: Eucalyptus maculata, Camellia sinensis, Ocimum gratissimum L, Psidium guajaba L, Persea americana, Anacardium occidentale L., Nasturtiumo fficinale R. Br, Zingiber officinale, Citrus paradise, Plectranthus neochillus Benth ex E. Meg y Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &Arn.

DESEMPENHO DACULTURA DASOJA EM SISTEMAAGROFLORESTAL COM EUCALIPTO

Agroforestry system with eucalyptus and soybean crop is an option for soil use under sandy soilsand warm climates. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the soybean crop associated to simple rows of eucalyptus maculata in the Northwest region of Paraná, Brazil. The experiment was establishedin October 2009; since then, eucalyptus maculata interrows has been yearly grown with a double crop ofsoybean(summer) andU. ruziziensis(winter). The soybean performancewas evaluated in the 2015/16 cropping season, attwo eucalyptus row spacings, 14 and 28 m. Acontiguous, treelessarea, grown yearly with soybean (summer)/U. ruziziensis(winter) double crop, was used as a control. The soybean growth and shoot nitrogen accumulationat full bloomingwere reduced as a function of eucalyptus interference, in a greater intensity at 14-m eucalyptus row spacing. Soybean yield reductions caused by eucalyptus trees were65and 44% in relation to the control, at 14 and 28-m row spacings, respectively. The contents of nitrogen in soybean shoots, and protein and oil in soybean grains, were not altered by the interference of the trees

Influência do lenho de tração nas propriedades físicas da madeira de Eucalyptus sp.

The reaction wood is formed in an attempt to remain upright tree in response to the action of forces such as winds, irregular crown or slope of the land that tend to incline it. In hardwoods, as in Eucalyptus, this type of wood is called tension wood and occurs in the region of the stem facing the face of force application. Indicative of the presence of this type of wood is the high shrinkage and basic density compared to normal wood. Once the basic density and shrinkage are parameters for determining the quality of the wood, this study aimed to evaluate the variation of basic density and shrinkage of opposite and tension wood along the radius in four species of Eucalyptus sp. Four tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus urophylla, with 32 years of age, were taken from an experimental planting of the Federal University of Lavras. Specimens were made to represent the diametrical variation of the opposite of tension wood in disks cut at the dbh. The results indicate that the properties of radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, coefficient of anisotropy and basic density did not differ statistically between the tensionand opposite wood.

Genetic variation among and within provenances and progenies of Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K. D. Hill and L. A. S. Johnson, in Pederneiras, SP

This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and variation in a provenance-progeny test of C. maculata (ex Eucalyptus maculata Hook.), conducted at Pederneiras Experimental Station, in São Paulo Forest Institute. The test was based on 21 open-pollination progenies from provenance Woondum St. Forest and 17 from provenance Wondai St. Forest, both in Australia. A compact family block design was adopted consisting of ten blocks, six plants per straight-line plot and two outer border rows, with spacing 3 x 2 m. Traits assessed included diameter at breast height (DBH), height, volume, form and survival rate at age 4 and 21 years. Significant differences were detected only at age 4 between provenances for DBH and height and among progenies for DBH, height and volume. The coefficient of genetic variation was higher for all traits at age 21. The heritability coefficient at the progeny level (h m²) was also higher at age 21 and ranged from 0.21 for volume to 0.40 for height, indicating that genetic progress can be achieved through selection of the best progenies. Genetic correlations were high between traits within and between age categories, showing that potential genetic gains can be achieved through indirect, early selection. Results indicate that considerable gains can be made if high selection intensity is applied among and within progenies, with values ranging from 12.48% for height to 21.77% for volume.