Effect of chloride in solution culture on growth and chloride uptake of Sultana and Salt Creek grape vines

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D McEAlexander ◽  
JG Obbink
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
Salt Creek ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Chloride Treatment

Growth, and distribution of chloride between laminae, petioles, stems, roots and trunks of small cuttings, of two grape vine varieties, Sultana (Vitis vinifera) and Salt Creek (Vitis champini) after four weeks treatments with a range of chloride levels were compared in a solution culture experiment. Chloride levels in the solutions were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 m.eq/l. Because of varietal differences in initial plant weight and in growth rate, differences in chloride susceptibility can best be assessed from survival rates or petiole chloride concentrations over a range of chloride treatment. Under the experimental conditions Sultana vines survived and grew with treatments up to 100 and Salt Creek vines with treatments up to 150 m.eq/l chloride in the nutrient. From a comparison of the present results with previously reported data from a three-year outdoor sand culture experiment and a three-year field experiment, it is concluded that short term solution culture experiments can be used to rank potential rootstocks for chloride susceptibility.

The effects of aluminum on Picearubens:factorial experiments using sand culture

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. McCanny ◽  
Martin J. Lechowicz ◽  
Bill Shipley ◽  
William H. Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Low Concentrations

We used sand culture to examine the effects of aluminum (Al3+) on gas exchange and growth in 1+0 Picearubens Sarg. seedlings. Growth solutions were prepared to match the elemental concentrations of the soil solutions in a declining Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.–P. rubens stand. In our first experiment, we used a four-way factorial design to examine the interactions between Al, pH, nutrients, and CO2. All plants were nitrogen deficient. Photosynthetic rate and instantaneous water-use efficiency both declined at 250 μmol•L−1 Al, as did the root/shoot ratio of the seedlings. Plant weight, however, was not significantly affected by the 10-fold increase in Al solution concentration. These results were robust across a range of experimental conditions, suggesting that other aspects of soil acidification, such as NO3 fertilization in N deficient soils, could counteract the toxic effects of Al. In a second experiment, we examined the effects of subtoxic concentrations of Al at two levels of nutrient cation availability. Unlike in a previous study, cation fertilization affected neither gas exchange nor growth. While the decreases in root/shoot ratio and growth were expected at 250 μmol•L−1 Al, the peak in growth rates for intermediate concentrations of Al (25–100 μmol•L−1) was not. The latter result was interpreted in light of the positive effects that low concentrations of Al are known to have on other species.

Comparative nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and growth of Glycine wightii cv. Cooper and Phaseolus atropurpureus cv. Siratro seedlings

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Seed Reserves

The growth, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation of Glycine wightii cv. Cooper (Glycine) and Phaseolus atropurpureus cv. Siratro (Siratro) were compared in a glasshouse, sand culture techniques being used in a series of trials encompassing a full range of seasonal environments. Plants were inoculated with the commercial Rhizobium strain (CB756) for both species either at germination or 12 days later when seed reserves were virtually exhausted. In both early and late inoculation treatments, Siratro nodulated and established nitrogen fixation more rapidly than did Glycine. This difference between the species was not directly associated with the marked difference in seed size. When active nitrogen fixation was fully established, the disadvantage shown by Glycine in the early nodulation phase was not evident, and the treatments were similar in the rate of growth and nitrogen accumulation, proportion of nodule weight to whole plant weight, proportion of pigmented nodules, efficiency of nitrogen fixation, and concentration of nitrogen in the whole plant. The relatively slow initial nodule development in Glycine is probably one of the important factors hindering the field establishment of seedlings, but in subsequent growth the symbiosis appears fully effective.

ACID PHOSPHATASES OF THE RAT TESTIS IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vanha-Perttula ◽  
V. Nikkanen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽  
Chloride Treatment ◽  
Assay Conditions

ABSTRACT Quantitation of four different testicular acid phosphatases was carried out during pubertal maturation as well as after cryptorchidism and cadmium chloride treatment. The assay conditions were based on differential substrate and modifier characteristics and the results were correlated to the histological appearance of the testis. Enzyme I activity with naphthol AS-BI phosphate as substrate showed the highest activities in the prepubertal testis and no appreciable changes took place after cryptorchidism. Enzyme II activity with α-naphthyl phosphate as substrate was also high in the prepubertal testis and an increase occurred after cryptorchidism. The results are in agreement with a preferentially interstitial origin of enzymes I and II. Enzyme III was quantified using β-naphthyl phosphate as substrate with sodium fluoride (5 mm) to inactivate enzymes I and II. A moderate increase of this enzyme activity during the pubertal development and a gradual decrease after cryptorchidism suggested tubular origin. Enzyme IV activity was followed using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate in the presence of sodium fluoride (5 mm) and Co2+ (5 mm) as a specific activator. A rapid potentiation of activity took place during pubertal development and a precipitous decrease after cryptorchidism. The results indicate a tubular origin of enzyme IV, which was confirmed by fractionation studies. Cadmium chloride treatment caused a rapid decrease of all enzyme activities, but the decline was more abrupt for the tubular enzymes III and IV. The results indicate that the specific testicular acid phosphatase IV may be useful in studies on the hormonal control of spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of prostate and kidney cancer in the Aboriginal population of Canada: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chu Lee Wong ◽  
Anil Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Reported Data

Introduction: Prostate and kidney cancer rates in the Aboriginal population of Canada is a growing issue.Methods: A systematic review of prostate and kidney cancer epidemiology in the Aboriginal population of Canada was performed with international comparison and evaluation of present epidemiological disparities. PubMed, Medline, and Embase (from January 1946 to June 2016), relevant government-published reports, and the websites of organizations contributing to prostate or kidney cancer guidelines were searched. We included studies that informed any of the three epidemiological questions this review is focused on answering. Results: Two systematic reviews, two meta-analyses, five literature reviews, and 21 single-study papers were included. The incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer were elevated among Canadian Aboriginals when compared to the provincial or national population and to several international regions. No studies reported data on survival. Prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates were lower in Aboriginals provincially, nationally, and internationally, with incidence and survival reaching statistical significance. Elevated rate of risk factors for kidney cancer was a significant finding among Canadian Aboriginals. Aboriginals were screened for prostate cancer less than the general Canadian population, a trend also observed in the U.S.Conclusions: The elevated incidence and mortality of kidney cancer among Canadian Aboriginals is most likely attributable to the rise in lifestyle-based risk factors. Two correlations concerning prostate cancer are made. However, due to temporal and regional disparities in data, further investigation is required to elucidate these observations.

The effect of sulphate on the selenium content of pasture plants

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Pratley ◽  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Nutrient Solution Culture ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Pasture Plants

In the three experiments reported, the selenium content of pastures was shown to be substantially affected by applications of sulphate fertilizer. Where pasture yields responded to sulphur topdressing, selenium levels in the legumes present were reduced by as much as 50 per cent due largely to yield dilution effects. On a second site, where pasture responses to sulphur were not obtained, selenium levels were also depressed, in this case indicating the existence of an antagonism between sulphur and selenium. A subsequent nutrient solution culture experiment indicated that an antagonism existed between sulphate and both selenate and selenite forms, with the effects being much stronger in the case of the selenate. The implications in animal production of the effects of applied sulphur on pasture selenium levels and of the associated increases in pasture sulphur levels are discussed.

Tolerance of seven perennial grasses to high nickel in sand culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kopittke ◽  
F. P. C. Blamey ◽  
R. A. Kopittke ◽  
C. J. Asher ◽  
N. W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
High Nickel ◽  
High Concentrations

Environmental context.High concentrations of Ni in soil may occur either naturally or as a result of human activities. We used a sand culture system to investigate the suitability of seven perennial grasses for the revegetation of Ni-contaminated sites. This study provides information on the toxic effects of Ni on plant growth and gives consideration to the health of animals consuming these plants, thereby increasing the accuracy of risk assessments. Abstract.Although grasses are commonly used to revegetate disturbed areas, comparatively little is known regarding the tolerance of perennial grasses to toxic levels of trace metals. A sand culture experiment was conducted to investigate the tolerance of seven perennial grasses to high concentrations of Ni. The activity of Ni2+ in solution that resulted in a 50% reduction in shoot growth ranged from 50 µM for Sabi grass (Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy cv. Saraji) to 13 µM for curly Mitchell grass (Astrebla lappacea (Lindl.) Domin). In most grasses, growth in the high-Ni2+ treatments resulted in shoot Ni concentrations at or above the toxicity threshold for consumption by cattle (100 µg Ni g–1). Based upon their tolerance to Ni, and the extent to which they translocate Ni to the shoots, Sabi grass, signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk) and buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris (L.) cv. Biloela) appear well suited for the phytostabilisation of Ni-contaminated sites in subtropical and tropical regions.

scholarly journals Soil reflectance and colouring of grape. Vine red light excitation could be decisive for grape berry quality

OENO One ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Robin ◽  
François-Xavier Sauvage ◽  
Martine Pradal ◽  
Marc Chovelon
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Light Excitation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conventional Systems

<p style="text-align: justify;">Various conditions of vine « solarisation » with sun light reflecting clothes partially colored in blue, green or red, were performed in field conditions during 1998 and 1999 years.The experiments were conducted both on table grapes (Muscat de Hambourg , Italia and Danuta) and on wine grapes varieties (Carignane, Mourvèdre, Shiraz, Muscat à petits grains). The « solarisation » clothes were set up at the cluster closure stage and removed at the harvest time. Effect of various experimental conditions on changes <em>in situ</em> berry colour was examined. The chromatic parameters using the Lab and LCH conventional systems were weekly measured on representative berry samples, and levels of significance of the obtained differences were determined by a variance analysis. Differences in the colouring dynamics and in the values of the chromatic parameters at harvest were statistically significant, in particular in function of the importance of the reflecting area set up per vinestock and also in function of the color of the reflecting cloth used. The results were compared to those obtained from various other analyses : reflectance spectra and composition of berries at harvest, tastings of the table grapes. As a main result, the red colour with a maximum of reflectance at 680 nm appeared as the more effective in improving quality of the berries. These results demonstrate the importance of the reflectance properties of the neighbours of the vine, in particular those of the soil of the parcel, on the composition and the quality of the grape. Moreover, they underline that these properties should be taken in account to explain some misunderstood terroir effects. Finally, they strongly suggest that the excitation of vine photoreceptor systems, specially with the clear red light, could be decisive in the signaling and regulatory mechanisms leading to an optimal ripeness of the grape.</p>

scholarly journals Nutrient Interactions and Deficiency Diagnosis in the Lettuce

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Goodall ◽  
AE Grant Lipp ◽  
WG Slater
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nutrient Interactions ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Foliage Plants ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A sand-culture experiment with lettuces is described, having as its principal purpose the study of the relationship between the potential responses of plants to applications of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers and the composition of. their foliage. Plants were supplied initially with five levels of these nutrients in all combinations, samples of plant material were taken fot analysis at various stages of development, and at 44 days from sowing additional quantities of nutrients were supplied to some of the cultures in order that their response potentialities might be determined. The present paper analyses the effects of the nutrient interactions on plant dry weight, further results being left to subsequent papers.

scholarly journals Isolation and selection of bacteria inhibiting Streptococcus agalactiae causing dark-body disease on snakeskin gourami fish (Trichogaster pectoralis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555
Author(s):  
Le Thi Anh Hong ◽  
Pham Thi Minh Ngoc ◽  
Duong Khanh ◽  
Vo Van Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Dung
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Dark Body

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the microbial pathogens causing the dark-body disease on snakeskin gourami fish (Trichogaster pectoralis) that affects the growth and quality of fish. This research aimed to isolate and select bacteria inhibiting S. agalactiae which are able to use for controling pathogenic bacteria instead of antibiotics. Fourteen bacteria strains were isolated and screened from healthy fishes, sediment and water samples at fish ponds in Dong Thap province. Among these strains, L7 strain showed the highest inhibition ability with the clear zone diameter was 9,3 mm. The results of the 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the L7 strain belonged to Bacillus subtilis. The experiment to evaluate the inhibition capacity and fish disease control of selected B. subtilis in experimental conditions was conducted by challenging fish with S. agalactiae. Fishes in the control treatment was infected with S. agalactiae at 106 CFU/mL had survival rate 41,7%. The experimental treatments NT1, NT2, NT3 which were treated with B. subtilis at concentrations of 105 CFU/mL, 106 CFU/mL, and 107 CFU/mL gave higher survival rates compared with the non-treated control, with the rates of 60%, 76,7%, and 81,7%, respectively. These results revealed that the isolated B. subtilis is potential used in control dark-body disease on snakeskin gourami fish.

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