The effects of aluminum on Picearubens:factorial experiments using sand culture

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. McCanny ◽  
Martin J. Lechowicz ◽  
Bill Shipley ◽  
William H. Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Low Concentrations

We used sand culture to examine the effects of aluminum (Al3+) on gas exchange and growth in 1+0 Picearubens Sarg. seedlings. Growth solutions were prepared to match the elemental concentrations of the soil solutions in a declining Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.–P. rubens stand. In our first experiment, we used a four-way factorial design to examine the interactions between Al, pH, nutrients, and CO2. All plants were nitrogen deficient. Photosynthetic rate and instantaneous water-use efficiency both declined at 250 μmol•L−1 Al, as did the root/shoot ratio of the seedlings. Plant weight, however, was not significantly affected by the 10-fold increase in Al solution concentration. These results were robust across a range of experimental conditions, suggesting that other aspects of soil acidification, such as NO3 fertilization in N deficient soils, could counteract the toxic effects of Al. In a second experiment, we examined the effects of subtoxic concentrations of Al at two levels of nutrient cation availability. Unlike in a previous study, cation fertilization affected neither gas exchange nor growth. While the decreases in root/shoot ratio and growth were expected at 250 μmol•L−1 Al, the peak in growth rates for intermediate concentrations of Al (25–100 μmol•L−1) was not. The latter result was interpreted in light of the positive effects that low concentrations of Al are known to have on other species.

scholarly journals Initial development and gas exchange of Talisia subalbens (Mart.) Radlk. under different shading conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Hilton Morbeck de Oliveira ◽  
Amauri Alves de Alvarenga ◽  
Sara Dousseau ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Ecophysiological studies under semi-controlled conditions in nurseries and greenhouses are essential to enable the use of native species to recover degraded areas and for commercial planting. Talisia subalbens (Mart) Radlk, 'cascudo', is a native fruiting species of the Cerrado on the verge of extinction. The ecophysiological performance of this species was evaluated in nursery conditions under different levels of shading (full sunshine, 30%, 50% and 70%). Initial growth, biomass allocation, gas exchange and chlorophyll content of the plants were analyzed. Full sunshine cultivated plants showed a higher accumulation of total, shoot, and root dry biomass. There was no significant difference in the root/shoot ratio among the treatments. Seedlings cultivated under full sunshine and 30% shading showed higher values for height, basal diameter, and leaf area. Differences in stomata conductance and photosynthesis rate were not observed among the different shading levels. Plants cultivated under 70% of shading had higher contents of chlorophyll a, b, and total. During the initial phase with higher levels of radiation were fundamental for the development of T. subalbens seedlings.

Effect of Water Stress Induced by PEG on Growth and Quality of Bunching Onion

2011 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
De Zhong Dong ◽  
Hou Cheng Liu ◽  
Shi Wei Song ◽  
Guang Wen Sun ◽  
Ri Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Bunching Onion

The effect of water stress on growth and quality of bunching onion（Allium fistulosum L. var. caespitosum Makino）was studied in hydroponics by PEG treatments (10%, 15%, 20%). The results showed that the growth of bunching onion was significantly affected by water stress induced by PEG. Plant height, pseudo-stem weight, total plant weight decreased with PEG concentration increased, the inhibitions in 10% PEG and 20% PEG were greater than in 15% PEG. The root/shoot ratio increased in PEG treatments. Concentrations of allicin and pyruvic acid significantly increased at 10, 17 days after PEG treatments. With PEG concentration increased, concentrations of soluble protein increased.

Effects of CCC and Moisture Stress on Sunflower

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Lovett ◽  
Desnee A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

SUMMARYGrowth of the sunflower cultivar Peredovic was examined when exposed to periodic severe moisture stress, with and without soil drench application of CCG at the two-leaf stage. The experiment was conducted in sand culture under partly controlled environment conditions. Morphological and physiological measurements were made throughout the growing period. Amongst the responses to CCC were increased stem and petiole width, and decreased length of internodes, head diameter and photosynthetic area. Moisture stress reduced photosynthetic area and the root/shoot ratio. Both CCC and moisture stress increased the number of stomata per unit area.

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Transplanted Orchid Seedlings Enhanced by DCPTA

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1284-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Keithly ◽  
Daniel P. Jones ◽  
Henry Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Survival And Growth

The growth-enhancing property of DCPTA was tested on transplanted seedlings of Brassolaeliocattleya × Hort. (Blc. Bryce Canyon × Lc. Pirate King), Dendrobium × Blume. Hickham Deb, Epidendrum radicans Pav. ex Lindl., Lueliocattleya × Rolfe Prism Palette `The Clown', and Phalaenopsis × Blume. [Pink Zebra × (Jutta Brungor × Music)]. After 3 to 6 months of greenhouse growth, plants treated with 30 μm DCPTA produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in root growth compared to the controls. Shoot growth, root: shoot ratio, and the survival of DCPTA-treated plants were increased significantly when compared with controls. Chemical name used: 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)triethylamine (DCPTA).

Germination of Velvetleaf

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mulliken ◽  
C. A. Kust
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Radicle Emergence

Imbibition of pretreated velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) seed was most rapid when the chalazal region was wetted, but submergence of the chalaza in water delayed seed germination. Respiratory measurements indicated that the seed coat did not inhibit gas exchange under our experimental conditions. Effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol on germination indicated that radicle emergence and radicle growth were distinct processes, and that radicle emergence was more sensitive to low concentrations of the uncoupler.

Effect of chloride in solution culture on growth and chloride uptake of Sultana and Salt Creek grape vines

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D McEAlexander ◽  
JG Obbink
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Grape Vine ◽  
Salt Creek ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Chloride Treatment

Growth, and distribution of chloride between laminae, petioles, stems, roots and trunks of small cuttings, of two grape vine varieties, Sultana (Vitis vinifera) and Salt Creek (Vitis champini) after four weeks treatments with a range of chloride levels were compared in a solution culture experiment. Chloride levels in the solutions were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 m.eq/l. Because of varietal differences in initial plant weight and in growth rate, differences in chloride susceptibility can best be assessed from survival rates or petiole chloride concentrations over a range of chloride treatment. Under the experimental conditions Sultana vines survived and grew with treatments up to 100 and Salt Creek vines with treatments up to 150 m.eq/l chloride in the nutrient. From a comparison of the present results with previously reported data from a three-year outdoor sand culture experiment and a three-year field experiment, it is concluded that short term solution culture experiments can be used to rank potential rootstocks for chloride susceptibility.

Effects of Single-seed Sowing on Root Growth, Root-shoot Ratio, and Yield inPeanut (Arachis hypogacaL.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye FENG ◽  
Feng GUO ◽  
Bao-Long LI ◽  
Jing-Jing MENG ◽  
Xin-Guo LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Seed Sowing

scholarly journals The transcription factor OpWRKY2 positively regulates the biosynthesis of the anticancer drug camptothecin in Ophiorrhiza pumila

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Hao ◽  
Chenhong Xie ◽  
Qingyan Ruan ◽  
Xichen Zhang ◽  
Chao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Indole Alkaloid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Pathway Gene ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Encoding Gene

AbstractThe limited bioavailability of plant-derived natural products with anticancer activity poses major challenges to the pharmaceutical industry. An example of this is camptothecin, a monoterpene indole alkaloid with potent anticancer activity that is extracted at very low concentrations from woody plants. Recently, camptothecin biosynthesis has been shown to become biotechnologically amenable in hairy-root systems of the natural producer Ophiorrhiza pumila. Here, time-course expression and metabolite analyses were performed to identify novel transcriptional regulators of camptothecin biosynthesis in O. pumila. It is shown here that camptothecin production increased over cultivation time and that the expression pattern of the WRKY transcription factor encoding gene OpWRKY2 is closely correlated with camptothecin accumulation. Overexpression of OpWRKY2 led to a more than three-fold increase in camptothecin levels. Accordingly, silencing of OpWRKY2 correlated with decreased camptothecin levels in the plant. Further detailed molecular characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays showed that OpWRKY2 directly binds and activates the central camptothecin pathway gene OpTDC. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that OpWRKY2 acts as a direct positive regulator of camptothecin biosynthesis. As such, a feasible strategy for the over-accumulation of camptothecin in a biotechnologically amenable system is presented.

scholarly journals Quanti-Qualitative Response of Swiss Chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cycla) to Soil Amendment with Biochar-Compost Mixtures

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Angela Libutti ◽  
Anna Rita Rivelli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Qualitative Response ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Two Factors

In recent years, soil addition with organic amendments, such as biochar and compost, has gained attention as an effective agronomic practice to sustain soil fertility, enhance plant growth and crop yield. Well known are the positive effects of compost on yield of a wide crop varieties, while both positive and negative responses are reported for biochar Therefore, the aim of the study was to verify the effect of biochar mixed with three types of compost on quanti-qualitative response of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. cycla), a leafy green vegetable rich in dietary antioxidants, largely consumed worldwide. A factorial experiment in pots with two factors, including biochar (without biochar and with biochar from vine pruning residues) and compost (without compost, with compost from olive pomace, with vermicompost from cattle manure, and with compost from cattle anaerobic digestate), was setup. Two growth cycles were considered, and a set of quantitative (height of plants, number, area and fresh weight of leaves) and qualitative parameters (carotenoids, chlorophyll, total N, and NO3−content of leaves) were analyzed. Biochar decreased plant growth and NO3− leaf content; on the contrary, it increased total N leaf content, while compost improved all the considered parameters. The interactive effect of biochar and compost was evident only on total N and NO3− leaf content. In our experimental conditions, the compost showed to be the best option to improve Swiss chard growth and increase the content of phytopigments, while the biochar-compost mixtures did not produce the expected effect.

scholarly journals Competition-free gaps are essential for the germination and recruitment of alpine species along an elevation gradient in the European Alps

Alpine Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Margreiter ◽  
Janette Walde ◽  
Brigitta Erschbamer
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Plant Plant

AbstractSeed germination and seedling recruitment are key processes in the life cycle of plants. They enable populations to grow, migrate, or persist. Both processes are under environmental control and influenced by site conditions and plant–plant interactions. Here, we present the results of a seed-sowing experiment performed along an elevation gradient (2000–2900 m a.s.l.) in the European eastern Alps. We monitored the germination of seeds and seedling recruitment for 2 years. Three effects were investigated: effects of sites and home sites (seed origin), effects of gaps, and plant–plant interactions. Seeds of eight species originating from two home sites were transplanted to four sites (home site and ± in elevation). Seed sowing was performed in experimentally created gaps. These gap types (‘gap + roots’, ‘neighbor + roots’, and ‘no-comp’) provided different plant–plant interactions and competition intensities. We observed decreasing germination with increasing elevation, independent of the species home sites. Competition-released gaps favored recruitment, pointing out the important role of belowground competition and soil components in recruitment. In gaps with one neighboring species, neutral plant–plant interactions occurred (with one exception). However, considering the relative vegetation cover of each experimental site, high vegetation cover resulted in positive effects on recruitment at higher sites and neutral effects at lower sites. All tested species showed intraspecific variability when responding to the experimental conditions. We discuss our findings considering novel site and climatic conditions.

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