Evaluation of Christmans Island C-grade phosphate as a fertilizer on some soils in southern NSW

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lipsett ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Calcined Phosphate ◽  
Pasture Plants

Finely-ground calcinated C-grade phosphate from Christmas Island was compared with other forms of phosphate as a source of phosphorus for plants. In the glasshouse there was little P uptake from Christmas Island phosphate at first harvests of subterranean clover and ryegrass, but uptake by both species increased at later harvests, both in absolute amount and relative to that from soluble phosphate. The availability of the calcined phosphate varied from soil to soil. In the field, pasture plants made appreciable use of the phosphate only in second or subsequent years ; mixtures of calcined C-grade phosphate with ,superphosphate (1:1) were more effective in the first year on pasture than the C-grade phosphate alone, and produced similar responses to equivalent amounts of superphosphate. Wheat made little use of C-grade phosphate in the field.

scholarly journals Phosphorus effects of recycled products from municipal wastewater on crops in a field experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 475-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vogel Telse ◽  
Nelles Michael ◽  
Eichler-Löbermann Bettina
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Fertilizing Effect ◽  
Sludge Ash

In this study, the phosphorus (P) fertilizing effects of struvite, one thermochemical-treated sewage sludge ash (SSA) based on Ca-P (Ca-SSA) and one full sulfuric acid-digested SSA based on Al-P (Al-SSA) were analysed in comparison to triple superphosphate (TSP) and a control treatment (CON) without P application in a two-year field experiment. In the field experiment, the effects of the recycling products on crop yield, P uptake and labile soil P fractions were analysed. In addition, the effect of nitrogen and magnesium contained in struvite was investigated in the second year of the experiment compared to TSP and CON. In the first year, spring barley was cultivated in the field experiment; and in the second year, it was forage rye followed by sorghum. In the second year, the relative P effectiveness (forage rye, sorghum) of the recycling products compared to TSP increased in the order: Ca-SSA (81%, 91%) ≤ Al-SSA (91%, 96%) = struvite (102%, 110%). In addition, an magnesium fertilizing effect of struvite could be demonstrated. The results show that the recycling products from wastewater treatment are appropriate to substitute rock phosphate-based fertilizers.

The short-term effects of rock phosphate and super-phosphate on a subterranean clover pasture.

1955 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter ◽  
PG Ozanne
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Second Year

A 2-year field experiment is described, in which an annual-type pasture was grown on a soil of lateritic origin with various initial rates of rock phosphate and superphosphate. The soil was acutely deficient in plant-available phosphorus at the outset. Application of superphosphate led to the expected increases in total pasture production, but rock phosphate also gave substantial yield increases, even during the first season. Differential species effects were noted; subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and cape-weed (Cryptostemma calendula Druce) responded about equally to superphosphate, but the clover responded to rock phosphate to a greater extent than did cape-weed. Both relative efficiency for total plant growth and percentage utilization of applied phosphorus were much higher with the soluble phosphatic fertilizer than with rock phosphate, especially in the first year. However, phosphorus recovery from rock phosphate was as high in the second year as in the first, whereas there was a marked decrease in the second year from superphosphate.

Comparison of amendment with distillers’ grain versus urea on crop yield and nutrient uptake in a canola-wheat rotation in southern Saskatchewan

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517
Author(s):  
Khaled D. Alotaibi ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Distillers Grain

Alotaibi, K. D. and Schoenau, J. J. 2014. Comparison of amendment with distillers’ grain versus urea on crop yield and nutrient uptake in a canola-wheat rotation in southern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1513–1517. A surplus of distillers’ grain resulting from rapid expansion in biofuel production has led to interest in finding alternative uses for this co-product, apart from its traditional use as an animal feed. Land application to agricultural soil in order to recycle the nutrients is one potential use. In this study we evaluated the effect of a single application of wet wheat distillers’ grain (WDG) on crop yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in a 3-yr canola–wheat–canola rotation in southern Saskatchewan. The experimental treatments included a single application of WDG at a rate of 100 kg N ha−1 in comparison to urea applied at the same rate of N along with an unfertilized control. In the first year, WDG produced a canola yield of 1266 kg ha−1, which was significantly greater than the urea treatment. The WDG treatment resulted in increased plant N uptake that was 59% greater than the control, but was 20% less than that observed in the urea treatment, indicating that only a portion of the applied N in the WDG was available for recovery. Greater yield of WDG may be due to factors other than N. Both WDG and urea treatments had a significant effect on plant P uptake in the first year. The residual effect of WDG addition on crop parameters in the second and third years was mainly limited to enhancement of plant P uptake in second year. Overall, the WDG applied at the same rate of N was at least as effective as urea for increasing crop yield.

scholarly journals COVER CROP MIXTURES FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 664c-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Creamer ◽  
Mark A. Bennett ◽  
Benjamin R. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
The State ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Species Mixture

Polyculture mixtures of several species of cover crops may be the best way to optimize some of the benefits associated with cover crop use. In the first year of a three year study, 16 polyculture mixtures of cover crops (4 species/mixture) were screened at seven sites throughout the state. Five of the mixtures were seeded at two planting dates. Fall evaluation of the cover crop mixtures included ease of establishment, vigor, percent groundcover, plant height, and relative biomass. The two mixtures with the highest percent groundcover were (1): sudex, rye, mammoth red clover, and subterranean clover (62% and 80% groundcover, one and two months after planting respectively), and, (2), annual alfalfa, hairy vetch, ryegrass, and rye (56% and 84% groundcover one and two months after planting respectively). The six mixtures with the highest percent groundcover did consistently well, relative to other mixtures, at all locations. Mixture (1) above also had the highest relative biomass throughout the state. Yellow and white sweet clovers, hairy vetch, winter oats, subterranean clover, red clover, rye and barley established well and maintained high vigor ratings throughout the fall. Ladino clover, timothy, and big flower vetch consistently had poor vigor ratings.

Influence of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and composition of annual pastures in Western Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Thomson ◽  
C. K. Revell ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
M. A. Ewing ◽  
I. F. Le Coultre
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
First Year ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Bromus Diandrus ◽  
Second Year

A long-term rotation experiment located in south-western Australia was used to measure the effect of rotation and time of germinating rains on the productivity and botanical composition of grazed annual pastures in 2 contrasting seasons in an environment with an average annual rainfall of 325 mm. The density of self-regenerating seedlings of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), and grasses (Lolium rigidum, Hordeum leporinum, Bromus diandrus) was greatly increased (approx. 3 times the density) when there was a second year of pasture after crop compared with the first year after crop. The lower plant density resulted in first-year pastures having only about 33% of the autumn biomass accumulation of second-year pastures. This difference in early pasture growth had no effect on total pasture production in 1992, but in 1993 total pasture production was 30% greater in second-year pastures compared with first-year pastures. Botanical composition varied between and within seasons with the percentage of subterranean clover increasing throughout the season and the percentage of capeweed decreasing throughout the season. Grasses comprised <20% of the biomass in all seasons and treatments. Production of subterranean clover seed in 1993 was higher in a 1 : 2 crop-pasture rotation than in a 1 : 1 crop-pasture rotation and direct drilling in the cropping phase increased seed set compared with conventional tillage in both 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 crop-pasture rotations. Capeweed seedlings emerged in large numbers after rainfall between February and May and subsequently showed a relative growth rate twice that of subterranean clover and the grasses, but exclusion of rainfall until June resulted in a significant reduction in the emergence of capeweed seedlings. Additionally, capeweed had a lower rate of seedling survival compared with other pasture species, and this is contrary to observations by other researchers that capeweed is highly resistant to moisture stress during early growth.

Studies on the nutrition of pasture plants in the south-west of Western Australia. I. The effect of copper, zinc and potassium on the growth of Dwalganup strain of Trifolium subterraneum L. on sandy soils

1951 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Pasture Plants

The results of pot-culture experiments and field trials designed to examine the effects of copper, zinc, and potassium on the growth of Dwalganup subterranean clover on a number of Western Australian soils are presented and discussed. Highly significant yield increases from application of one or more nutrients were observed on all soils examined. The effects of applied copper were greater in the second year than in the seeding year under deficiency conditions in the field. Significant interaction effects were observed only with copper and potassium. Maximum yields in two of the field trials were low even with application of all three nutrients. Reasons for this are suggested. Data on leaf area changes indicated that, in contrast to the increasing severity of potassium deficiency with age of the plant, both copper and zinc deficiency tended to diminish after the commencement of the flowering stage. The importance of such time trends in the interpretation of interaction effects is emphasized. The economic significance of the potassium problem is stressed and a number of aspects requiring investigation are outlined.

Low effectiveness of three rock phosphates as phosphorus fertilizers and liming materials on an acid clay-loam

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Yeates ◽  
DG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Buffering

The effectiveness of three finely ground rock phosphates (PRs) was compared with ordinary superphosphate (OSP) for subterranean clover growth and for increasing soil bicarbonate-extractable P levels over two successive 8-week periods on a very acid clay-loam (pH (0.01 M CaCl2) 4.3) in a glasshouse experiment. All PR sources were poorly effective compared to OSP. Maximum dry matter and P uptake of each PR source was less than that of OSP at each harvest. Relative to surface application, mixing throughout the soil reduced the effectiveness of OSP for dry matter and P uptake, but had little effect on the PR sources. Relative to OSP, the effectiveness of PR sources did not increase at the second harvest. Bicarbonate-extractable P levels for soil-incorporated Island PR plateaued below the highest rate applied. Phosphorus uptake by the herbage at harvests 1 and 2 was not well related to soil bicarbonateextractable P levels at harvest 1, and source dependency was indicated. Soil pH was markedly increased by each of PR sources at application rates within the rates required to reach maximum dry matter and P yield. Increased soil pH at high PR applications is likely to have reduced PR dissolution, and contributed to low agronomic effectiveness. Dry matter yield at both harvests was dependent on P concentration in the tops, regardless of the P source or method of P application. A higher soil buffering capacity for pH, P or Ca than was present in this soil seems necessary for sufficient PR dissolution to achieve the same agronomic effectiveness as OSP.

Time application of superphosphate and the yield of pasture on an acid soil.

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Relative Ability ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Earlier Application

Superphosphate was applied in summer (December) or in autumn (March) to an existing mixed pasture of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and phalaris (Phalaris tuberosa L.), growing on apodsolic soil of p H 5.8. Time of application effects were recorded at the lowest level of applied phosphate. The main effect was on the botanical composition of the pasture. The summer application favoured clover, the autumn one grass. This effect is explained as a change in the relative ability of the species to compete for superphosphate. These results suggest how time and rate of application of superphosphate may be used to manage pasture composition. In the first year, when clover growth was encouraged, the earlier application also increased the total yield of pasture. In the second and third years, changes in the yield of grass were offset by changes ill the yield of clover and the effect of time of application on total pasture yield was not significant.

PASTURE SPECIES AND MIXTURES FOR THE AUCKLAND PROVINCE

1961 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
J.E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Pasture Plants ◽  
Tropical Grass

The Auckland Province can be divided into two main climatic regions : ( 1) The, Central Plateau (2) The Lower and Coastal Regions The central plateau is characterised by fairly cold winters with severe frost at times, while the lower-lying and coastal regions lying to the north almost fall into the sub-tropical zone. This region, which includes the Waikato Basin, is reasonably suited to the growing of paspalum species and the frost-free areas suit kikuyu, a tropical grass. In parts of the central plateau the soils are so coarse in texture that in some seasons there is not sufficient moisture to support a high-producing sward of grasses and clovers. Here lucerne can, with advantage, replace much of the pasture for hay and for grazing. Apart from such small exceptions, the region is very well suited to the growth of red and white clover, cocksfoot, and ryegrass, provided the fertility is increased to the extent needed to support these pasture plants. Other grasses and clover may grow in association or in place of those generally desirable pasture plants. These include Yorkshire fog, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Poa annua, browntop, sweet vernal among the grasses and Lotus major (pedunculatus), subterranean clover, and suckling clover among the clovers.

Rhizobial inoculation and fertilizer rates as factors in the establishment of subterranean clover in South Australia

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Harris
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizer ◽  
Rhizobial Inoculation ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The rate of application of phosphatic fertilizer was found to be the most important single factor influencing first year establishment of sown pastures of subterranean clover. In soils of low fertility in South Australia, increases in the rate of application of superphosphate were accompanied by decreases in the number of unthrifty plants and increases in herbage yield. A minimum rate of superphosphate was found to be necessary to ensure a satisfactory establishment. The use of lime in the form of basic superphosphate was accompanied by increase in yield and decrease in the number of poor plants, but current theories are inadequate to explain its mode of action. Use of a trace element mixture containing copper, zinc, manganese, and molybdenum produced significant increases in yield, but did not decrease the number of poor plants.Heavy dressings of artificial nitrogenous fertilizers or inoculation by effective strains of Rhizobium trifolii Dang. produced increases in yield, but did not produce significant reduction in the number of poor plants. Untreated, control plants showed regular nodulation, and it was found that an indigenous population of strains of Rh. Trifolii apparently efficient in nitrogen fixation already existed in these soils. Increases in herbage yield of as much as 50% were obtained in the first year; this justifies recommending rhizobial inoculation as a commercial practice, but the effect was not sustained in subsequent years. There was no evidence to indicate that lack of artificial inoculation would jeopardize establishment of sown pastures in these soils.

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