The internal microflora of wheat grains in Western Australia

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
WA Shipton ◽  
SC Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Facial Eczema

The microflora of 568 samples of surface sterilized wheat grains, harvested in 1963-64 and 1964-65 in Western Australia, were examined. Alternaria spp, were the most commonly isolated organisms, being present in 17.7 per cent of all grain and 98.7 per cent of all samples over the two years. The frequency of occurrence was not related to grain discolouration. Of the remaining organisms, Helminthosporium sativum, Fusarium spp., Podosporiella vertillata, and Septoria nodorum are known to be pathogenic to wheat. H. sativum and Fusarium spp. were isolated only in trace amounts in the grain and in few samples, whereas P. verticillata and S. nodorum occurred in 1.86 and 3.40 per cent respectively of all grain and 39.92 and 70.57 per cent respectively of all samples. Pithomyes chartarum, the organism causing facial eczema in animals, was isolated once from each of two grain samples.

AC Winsloe winter wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
H. W. Johnston ◽  
C. R. Blatt ◽  
G. Atlin ◽  
R. B. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Winsloe is a winter feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with high grain yield, lodging resistance, and good winter survival. It is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erisyphe graminis D.C. ex Merat f. sp. tritici Marchal), moderately resistant to septoria leaf and glume blotch [caused by Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.] and moderately resistant to fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwab and other Fusarium spp.). AC Winsloe is suitable for production in Eastern Canada, particularly in the Atlantic region. Key words:Triticum aestivum, wheat (winter), cultivar description

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: IV. EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND CULTURAL PRACTICE ON THE RELATIVE PREVALENCE OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM SPP. AS INDICATED BY ISOLATIONS FROM WHEAT PLANTS

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Marked Tendency

The crown and root tissue from 43,305 of 47,360 plants examined in this investigation yielded Helminthosporium sativum, Fusarium culmorum and other Fusarium spp., either alone or in combination with these or other fungi and bacteria. It was the exception for any mature plant, the surface tissue of which was disinfected, to be free from fungi or bacteria. None of the various crop sequences or cultural practices used in this study appeared to significantly affect more than another the relative prevalence of either H. sativum or Fusarium spp., as indicated by isolations from the crown tissue of wheat. However, as there was a marked tendency at certain stations each year for H. sativum or Fusarium spp. to predominate, it was concluded that certain factors of the environment were more effective than the crop sequence in modifying the relative prevalence of the two fungi mentioned in the crown and root tissue of wheat plants.

LONGEVITY OF SOME COMMON FUNGI IN CEREAL SEED

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Machacek ◽  
H. A. H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Alternaria Tenuis ◽  
Cereal Seed

Tests made at regular intervals over a period of 10 years on naturally infested seed of wheat, oats, and barley that had been held in storage showed that most of the seed, while retaining its germinability, became free from viable fungi before the end of the storage period. Alternaria tenuis sensu Wiltshire in all three crops, Helminthosporium sativum P.K. & B. in wheat and barley, and Septoria nodorum Berk, in wheat died out comparatively rapidly. H. avenae Eidam in oats and H. teres Sacc. in barley lost their viability slowly and since, by the end of the storage period, most of the microorganisms associated with them in infested kernels were dead, these two fungi could generally be recovered in pure culture.

Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. associated with Fusarium head blight of wheat in Western Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Tan ◽  
Gavin R. Flematti ◽  
Emilio L. Ghisalberti ◽  
Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam ◽  
Sukumar Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp

The effects of isolation, habitat fragmentation and degradation by livestock grazing on the use by birds of patches of Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodland in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
J. R. Weeldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Passerine Species ◽  
Frequency Of Occurence

The numbers of species, and the frequency of occurrence of individual species, in patches of Gimlet Eucalyptus salubris woodland in remnants of native vegetation in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia were recorded over a year. These values were examined in relation to the structural characteristics of the patches and the biogeographic attributes of the remnants (i.e., size and various indices of isolation from other native vegetation). There were five patches in large remnants (>100 ha) and 24 patches in small remnants (0.5?27.0 ha). Most of the small remnants were grazed by livestock and had lost much or all of the shrub understorey. The Galah Cacatua roseicapilla and Port Lincoln Ringnecked Parrot Platycercus zonarius were found in all patches, but the remaining large species of birds (Australian Raven Corvus coronoides,Pied Butcherbird Cracticus nigroregularis, Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes, and Yellow-throated Miner Manorina flavigula) were found more frequently in patches in small remnants. Conversely, with the exception of the Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus, small passerine species were found less frequently in patches in small remnants. Remnant size was significantly negatively correlated with frequency of occurrence of six of the eight common large species, indicating that these species concentrated in patches in small remnants, and significantly positively correlated with frequency of occurrence of two of four small passerine species. Having taken out the effect of remnant area, a stepwise regression procedure was used to see whether other biogeographic attributes of the remnants or habitat structure in the patches influenced the frequency of occurrence of individual species and species richness. As area of native vegetation within a 5 km radius increased so did the frequency of occurrence of the Galah and Port Lincoln Parrot, indicating that local numbers of the species affects their presence. Of the large birds only the Yellowthroated Miner was influenced by patch structural attributes whereas all species of small passerines showed responses to various structural attributes of the patches. Frequency of occurrence of the Striated Pardalote and the number of species of small passerines in a patch decreased with increasing distance to the nearest native vegatation. Overall frequency of occurence of small passerines increased with the number of linear strips of native vegetation linked to a remnant. In this study a majority of the small remnants were too small to support resident birds. The Gimlet patches, if used, would be part of a home range. Loss of the shrub understorey through grazing and loss of canopy cover through tree deaths had a significant impact on numbers of species of small passerines using the Gimlet patches. The conservation value of the patches in small remnants would be enhanced by increasing remnant size and by the linking of remnants to nearby native vegetation.

Influence of some environmental factors on indigenous earthworms in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Jarrah Forest

Indigenous species of earthworms (Family Megascolecidae) are widely distributed throughout the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia. They occur not at random, but in an aggregated pattern well described by a negative binomial. Earthworms are only active in the topsoil (to depth of 5.5 cm) when soil moisture (gravimetric) exceeds 4%. This occurs from May until November. The number of species occurring in jarrah forest at any place, and the frequency of occurrence, biomass and density of earthworms, vary with average annual rainfall. In the zone of highest rainfall six or seven species occur together, frequency of occurrence is 40-60%, and total biomass and total density do not exceed 8 g m-2 and 40 m-2 respectively, and generally average much less. In the lowest rainfall zone only one or two species occur in any one locality, with total density much less than 10 m-2. Multiple regression analyses between four earthworm variables and 20 site and soil characteristics were highly successful in that up to three predictor variables yielded coefficients of determination exceeding 0.70. The most useful predictor variables were rainfall zone, forest basal area, soil pH and proportion of silt and clay in the topsoil (to depth of 15 cm). Recurrent low intensity (spring) fires and a single moderate intensity fire (summer) have minor direct and indirect effects on earthworms. Logging also has scant effect on their frequency of occurrence. The land use most adverse to earthworms is the clearing of forest for mining of bauxite or gravel. The effect on earthworms of clearing of forest and subsequent reforestation with pines varies: in one case there was an adverse effect, whereas in two others there was no difference.

The impact of cats and foxes on the small vertebrate fauna of Heirisson Prong, Western Australia. I. Exploring potential impact using diet analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Short ◽  
Michael C. Calver ◽  
Danielle A. Risbey
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Small Vertebrate ◽  
The Impact

The diets of cats (Felis catus) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes) killed during predator control at a semi-arid site in Western Australia were studied to see which prey species may be affected by predation from these introduced predators. The number of items, biomass and frequency of occurrence of each food type in the gut contents from 109 feral cats, 62 semi-feral cats and 47 foxes were used to calculate an Index of Relative Importance for each food category for each predator. Mammals were the most important prey group for all three predators, with rabbit being the most highly ranked prey species. The diets of feral and semi-feral cats were similar in dietary diversity but differed in the frequency of occurrence of some food categories. Native rodents, birds and reptiles occurred more frequently and were ranked higher in the diet of feral cats, and food scraps occurred more frequently in the diet of semi-feral cats. The diet of foxes was less diverse than that of either group of cats. Invertebrates and sheep carrion were more important prey categories for foxes than for cats. In the summer–autumn period, foxes ate more sheep carrion and invertebrates than they did in winter–spring. The diet of feral cats was more diverse in summer–autumn, including a greater range of invertebrates and more rodents, birds and reptiles than in the winter–spring period. We predict that cats are more likely to have an impact on small vertebrates at this site and that the control of cats could lead to recoveries in the populations of native rodents, birds and reptiles. By contrast, the control of foxes alone may lead to a rise in cat numbers and a consequent detrimental impact on small vertebrate populations.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fusarium spp. on Malting Barley Grains in the Czech Republic During 2011–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristýna Bezděková ◽  
Ivana Šafránková ◽  
Jana Víchová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Isolated Species

During 2011–2013, the frequency of occurrence and species spectrum ofFusariumfungi occurring on grains of five malting varieties of spring barley (Aksamit, Bojos, Malz, Radegast, and Kangoo) were monitored at two locations (Kroměříž and Žabčice, Czech Republic). The effect of three fungicide treatment variants onFusariumspecies suppression was also evaluated. During the monitored period, five species were detected:F. poae,F. culmorum,F. graminearum,F. avenaceum, andF. tricinctum. The most frequently isolated species wasF. poae.Radegast had the highest frequency of naturally occurringFusariumfungi, while Kangoo was the least infected variety at both locations. The greatest fungicide effectiveness againstFusariumspp. occurrence on ears was recorded after the variant with application of Hutton at BBCH 39 and Prosaro 250 EC at BBCH 65. During the monitored years, Žabčice had a higher rate of infection byFusariumfungi. The rates of barley infection byFusariumpathogens differed among individual years, with the highest rate occurring in 2011 (16–17 %) and the lowest rate in 2012 (1–2 %).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document