scholarly journals Effects of Australian strains of infectious bronchitis virus on internal and external quality of hen eggs

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Chousalkar ◽  
J. R. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Egg Shell

The effects of two Australian strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV-T and N1/88) on the internal and external quality of eggs were studied in unvaccinated Isa Brown hens in full lay. Overall, there was no decline in egg production in either of the infected groups. However, there were some long-lasting negative effects on the egg internal quality of T-infected hens. Negative effects on internal quality in the N1/88-infected group were relatively short term. Yolk colour score was lower only in T-infected hens. Egg shell quality was affected only in terms of loss of egg shell colour. IBV infection resulted in paler egg shells in both the infected groups. Paler egg shells may not be regarded well by consumers. The egg shape index was lower in both infected groups.

scholarly journals Production of laying hens in different rearing systems under hot weather

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 37677
Author(s):  
Daniel Araujo Netto ◽  
Héder José D'Ávila Lima ◽  
Julia Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Bianca Corrêa de Morais ◽  
Mauricio Silva Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Randomized Design

 The environment is very important for the performance of laying hens; thus, techniques are required to improve production systems, providing better welfare for poultry and consequent increase in the quality of the final product, the egg. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rearing system, on the floor and in cage, on the performance and egg internal and external quality of laying hens. A total of 320 Hysex Brown laying hens, with 34-43 weeks days of age, was distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, floor and cage, with 10 replicates each. The parameters evaluated were: individual feed intake, egg production per replicate, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg weight; weight and percentage participation of shell, albumen and yolk, specific gravity, body weight variation and viability of birds. The results show that the birds raised on the floor showed best results as to egg production, besides the best internal and external quality, with greater weight of egg, yolk, albumen, shell and with lower losses of eggs. Because of the negative effects of the cage system, in general, hens presented lower results when compared to results of those raised on the floor. 

scholarly journals Classical and Variant Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Butcher ◽  
David P. Shapiro ◽  
Richard D. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens. The disease is characterized by respiratory signs including gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal râles, and nasal discharge. In young chickens, severe respiratory distress may occur. In layers, respiratory distress, decrease in egg production, and loss of internal egg quality and egg shell quality are reported. Some strains of the virus cause severe kidney damage and may be associated with high mortality. This document is VM127, one of a series of the Veterinary Medicine-Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 1, 2002. VM127/PS039: Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Classical and Variant Strains (ufl.edu)  

The effect on egg shell quality of supplementing saline drinking water with sodium or ammonium bicarbonate

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Yoselewitz ◽  
D Zhang ◽  
D Balnave
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
The Town ◽  
Reduced Water

Supplementing the town water supply of laying hens with 600 mg sodium chloride (NaCl)/L significantly decreased egg shell quality and significantly increased the incidence of egg shell defects without affecting egg production and egg weight or food and water intakes. A smaller, but still significant, increase in egg shell defects was also observed with sodium bicarbonate (NHCO3) supplementation of town water. Ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) supplementation of town water had no significant effect on egg shell defects and, when added to drinking water containing NaCl, significantly reduced the incidence of shell defects. A smaller beneficial effect was observed when NHCO3was added to saline water. Ammonium bicarbonate, when added to saline drinking water at concentrations of 250 and 450 mg/L, reduced water intake, an effect not observed when these same supplements were added to town water. This suggests that the presence of NaCl in the water may affect kidney function so that the use of NH4HCO3may have limited value, especially at higher water salinities. Shell gland fluid composition was influenced less by treatment than by whether or not hens were laying eggs with defective shells.

scholarly journals Physiological changes associated with the production of defective egg-shells by hens receiving sodium chloride in the drinking water

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Balnave ◽  
I. Yoselewitz ◽  
R. J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Shell Gland ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Egg Shell

1. Supplementing the drinking water of laying hens with 600 or 2000 mg sodium chloride/l induced large increases in egg-shell defects without corresponding changes in egg production, egg weight or food and water intakes. A supplement of 2000 mg NaCl/l resulted in a high incidence of shell-less eggs.2. The increased incidence of egg-shell damage in hens receiving the NaCl was associated with a decrease in egg-shell quality measured objectively. These responses persisted even after the NaCl was removed from the drinking water.3. The NaCl treatment had little effect on blood acid-base balance and electrolytes, but significant reductions were observed in the carbon dioxide tension, and bicarbonate and calcium concentrations in the fluid surrounding the egg in the shell gland.4. The poor shell quality appeared to be associated with a reduced supply of bicarbonate, rather than with an effect on Ca, in the lumen of the shell gland, although a reduced residence time of eggs in the shell gland may also have contributed to the problem.

scholarly journals Avian infectious bronchitis and its management in Nepal: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-226
Author(s):  
Chandrakala Rana ◽  
Birat Bhattarai ◽  
Khil Bahadur Rana Magar ◽  
Yuvraj Panth
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
And Control ◽  
Production Losses

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious disease of poultry with high economic importance. Caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), it is transmitted by direct and indirect contact through aerosol or fecal means. Although IB is considered as respiratory disease, various strains of IBV affect the renal as well as the reproductive system. The economic importance of disease is due to lower egg production, poor hatchability of eggs, and decreased quality of the egg, weight loss, growth retardation, and high condemnation rates in meat-type birds. Although the prevalence of IB is lower in Nepal (>1%), it is ranked second as a disease which claims most livestock unit in the world. There is no specific treatment for IB but live and inactivated vaccines are available for the prevention and control of the virus. The lack of research in the infectious bronchitis virus can cause production losses in poultry sector due to the evolution of resistant virus strain in our country. This review discusses the aspects of avian infectious bronchitis prevalence in Nepal.

scholarly journals Kafes Sistemi ve Yerleşim Sıklığının Yumurta Tavuklarının Performansı, Yumurta Kalitesi ve Yumurta Kabuğunun Mikrobiyal Yükü Üzerine Etkisi

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2004-2012
Author(s):  
Zeynep Yardım ◽  
Mustafa Akşit
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Egg Shell

This study was carried out to determine the effects of two different cage systems (enriched and conventional) and low and high stocking densities on performance, egg quality and egg shell microorganisms. In study, two different genotypes were used to native (Atak-S) and foreign (Lohmann) hens occurred of 864 hens used. As the cage system, the battery type was used in the conventional system and the enriched cage type was used in the alternative system. The results indicated that genotype and cage system significantly affected egg production and egg mass in the laying period (18-76 weeks). It was determined that Lohmann genotype and conventional cages had significantly higher egg production and egg mass in this period. It was seen that hens consumed significantly higher feed in enriched cages than in conventional cages, and were significantly better feed conversion ratio in low stocking density compared to high stocking density. The effects of genotype and cages system on the quality characteristics of eggs were found to be significant, and it was determined quality characteristics of Lohmann eggs were better (especially eggshell quality. In addition, it was understood that the internal quality of the eggs in the conventional cages and the external quality characteristics of the eggs in the enriched system were positively affected. The total numbers of microorganisms were determined to be higher on shell of eggs from enriched cages than conventional cages. The total numbers of microorganisms were higher in enriched cage eggs compared to conventional cage eggs. However, stocking density was not a significant effect on the microbial load of the eggshell.

Responses in egg shell quality from dietary ascorbic acid supplementation of hens receiving saline drinking water

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Balnave ◽  
D Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Supplementation

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether the poor shell quality of eggs from hens receiving saline drinking water could be improved by the simultaneous addition of ascorbic acid to the diet. In one experiment, the responses were compared with those of hens receiving ascorbic acid in the drinking water. In this experiment, providing the ascorbic acid in the drinking water on a daily basis was compared with dosing the water on alternate days. The results showed that saline water increased the incidence of egg shell defects without affecting food and water intakes, egg production or egg weight. Changes in a range of shell quality measures mirrored the changes in the incidence of egg shell defects. Supplementation of the diet or drinking water with ascorbic acid prevented the increase in shell defects and the decrease in shell quality. The degree of response to dietary ascorbic acid was dependent on the concentration used, a response similar to that observed previously when the ascorbic acid was added to the drinking water.

scholarly journals Effect of using organic microminerals on performance and external quality of eggs of commercial laying hens at the end of laying

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Patrícia Maciel ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
Édina de Fátima Aguiar ◽  
Pedro Assunção Pimenta Ribeiro ◽  
Débora Pereira Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Egg Shell

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using microminerals in organic form on the performance and quality of eggs from commercial laying hens at the end of laying. Four hundred and eighty Hisex strain hens, 72 to 80 weeks of age, were used. A randomized complete design was used, with six replications and 16 birds for each experimental unit. Five diets were evaluated: basal feed supplemented with all microminerals in inorganic form (control); basal feed supplemented with 50% microminerals zinc (Zn) + manganese (Mn) + copper (Cu) in organic form and 50% in inorganic form; basal feed supplemented with 50% zinc in organic form and 50% in inorganic form; basal feed supplemented with 50% manganese in organic form and 50% in inorganic form; and basal feed supplemented with 50% copper in organic form and 50% in inorganic form. There was no effect of diets on egg production, feed intake, food conversion and egg shell percentage and thickness. Birds fed basal feed supplemented only with zinc or manganese in organic form produced eggs with lower specific weight. The use of basal feed supplemented with copper in organic form has minimized egg loss. However, the best results (lower egg loss, higher specific weight and higher weight of eggs) were obtained with the basal feed supplemented with microminerals Zn + Mn + Cu in organic form and, therefore, it is recommended for feeding of commercial laying at the end of laying.

Efficacy of Live Vaccines and Specific Prevention in Chicken Infectious Bronchitis

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Variant Strain

Infectious bronchitis of chickens (IBC) is a highly contagious disease characterized by damage to the respiratory tract. Adult chickens exhibit respiratory symptoms, a 10-50% decrease in egg production, discoloration of the eggshell, deformation of the shell, and a deterioration in the marketability and breeding quality of eggs. The circulation of variant strains in poultry farms of the Russian Federation causes a significant decrease in egg production and the quality of the eggs obtained, causing significant economic damage to industrial poultry farming. The study aimed to presents materials and methods for the industrial and efficient use of live-vaccines against infectious bronchitis of hens from a variant strain. After the use of a live vaccine against infectious bronchitis of chickens from a variant strain, the development, live weight of chickens, and feed conversion during the rearing period were within the standard parameters. in present study, the safety for the growing period with a planned 97.6% was 98.8-98.9%. The uniformity of the herds when transferred to hen - hen was 94-95%. When carrying out immunoprophylaxis of IBS, local immunity is important, which can be ensured using a live spray vaccine - a method starting from the day old. When establishing circulation in the economy of variant strains of IBC virus, it is necessary to introduce vaccination against the variant strain into the scheme of treatment and preventive measures. The research results allow us to conclude that, for the effective prevention of chicken infectious bronchitis, immunization against IBS from variant strains should be introduced into the vaccine prevention scheme.

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