No-tillage adoption decisions in southern Australian cropping and the role of weed management

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. D'Emden ◽  
R. S. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
System Use

Adoption of no-tillage sowing systems has increased rapidly in many Australian grain growing regions over the past decade. The extent of herbicide resistant weed populations in these regions has also increased over the same period. A survey of growers in the South and Western Australian cropping regions was conducted to identify opportunities for more effective tillage and weed-related extension. Trends in sowing system use are determined, as are growers’ perceptions of the long-term effects of no-tillage on herbicide costs, herbicide resistance, and soil erosion. The results suggest a major expansion in the adoption of no-tillage sowing in most South Australian cropping regions over the next 5 years, although growers expect increased herbicide costs in no-tillage systems and an increased risk of herbicide resistance. Herbicide resistance and weed control issues are the main reasons given for reducing no-tillage use. A key research and extension challenge is to develop and implement weed management strategies that are able to sustain long-term no-tillage use in a cropping environment where growers place a high value on the soil and production benefits of no-tillage, but over-reliance on herbicides can rapidly lead to resistance in major crop weeds.

scholarly journals Economic Barriers to Herbicide-Resistance Management

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance M. Hurley ◽  
George Frisvold
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Biological Perspective ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Near Term

Herbicide-resistant weeds are the result of evolutionary processes that make it easy to think about the problem from a purely biological perspective. Yet, the act of weed management, guided by human production of food and fiber, drives this biological process. Thus, the problem is socioeconomic as well as biological. The purpose of this article is to explain how well-known socioeconomic phenomena create barriers to herbicide-resistance management and highlight important considerations for knocking down these barriers. The key message is that the multidimensional problem requires a multifaceted approach that recognizes differences among farmers; engages the regulatory, academic, extension, seed and chemical suppliers, and farmer communities; and aligns the diverse interests of the members of these communities with a common goal that benefits all—more sustainable weed management. It also requires an adaptive approach that transitions from moreuniform and costly standards and incentives, which can be effective in the near-term but are unsustainable, to more-targeted and less-costly approaches that are sustainable in the long term.

Genetic Aspects of Herbicide-Resistant Weed Management

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Christoffers
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Frequency Increase ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Case Basis

Weed populations develop herbicide resistance when they evolve due to selection pressure. Mutations and gene flow contribute to genetic variability and provide resistant alleles. The speed of resistance gene frequency increase is determined by the inheritance of resistance alleles relative to wild-type susceptibility and is influenced by the interaction between gene expression and selection. The goal of herbicide resistance management is to minimize selection pressure while maintaining adequate weed control. However, the specific nature of each herbicide, weed, and resistance combination determines the practices that optimize undesirable selection pressure. Therefore, generalized management strategies should be recommended with caution and must not be mandated without thorough evaluation on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant crops : A weed scientist’s perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.E. Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Valuable Alternative ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
Selection Of

Herbicide-resistant crops offer a potentially valuable alternative strategy for weed management. If used appropriately, they may promote the use of agrichemicals more environmentally benign than the herbicides they replace, and provide producers with additional tools for controlling weeds. However, the controversy surrounding the development and use of these cultivars may limit and eventually prevent their widespread adoption. Concerns include: overuse of herbicides, escape of herbicide resistance genes from resistant cultivars into weedy relatives, genetic modifications for resistance conferring weediness to the cultivar (i.e. volunteer plants in subsequent crops), potential pleiotropic effects of genetic modifications for resistance, and selection of new herbicide-resistant weeds in the new herbicide regime. Of these concerns, the potential for selecting new resistant weeds may have the highest likelihood of affecting the long-term success of herbicide-resistant crops.

Herbicide resistance in the nursery crop production and landscape maintenance industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Joseph C. Neal ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Ornamental Species

AbstractWeed management is an important issue for nursery crop and Christmas tree producers, as well as for those maintaining turfgrass or ornamental species in landscape plantings. PRE and POST herbicides are important weed management tools for these industries. Reports of herbicide-resistant weeds increased from fewer than 100 cases in 1985 to nearly 500 cases globally in 2019, including ones found in turfgrass or ornamental systems. The evolution, persistence, and management of herbicide-resistant weeds are an ongoing educational process. We must keep our stakeholders aware of improved weed control technology and provide them information on resistant weeds. A symposium at the 2019 Weed Science Society of America meeting was conducted with presentations and discussions by invited speakers in relation to current research and potential management strategies for resistant weeds in turfgrass, landscape ornamental, and nursery crops. To prepare for the symposium, a survey was prepared for nursery producers and landscapers on the issues of herbicide-resistant weeds and offsite movement of herbicides used to control herbicide-resistant weeds. Overall, most respondents felt herbicide-resistant weeds are a serious problem and most had personally observed herbicide resistance on properties they maintain. Resistance to glyphosate was the herbicide cited by most respondents, followed by resistance to triazine herbicides. Most felt their weed-control costs had increased because of resistant weeds. Approximately 20% of respondents had their operation affected by drift of herbicides from nearby farm fields, with most reporting no damage from spray or vapor drift, but a few reported greater than 50% of the crop damaged.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management strategies for delaying herbicide resistance in wild oats

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Thill ◽  
J.T. O’Donovan ◽  
C.A. Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Herbicide-resistant biotypes of wild oats (Avena fatua) infest most major cereal producing regions in the western United States and Canada. This paper reviews potential integrated weed management strategies that can be used to prevent or delay selection of herbicide-resistant wild oats plants. An integrated wild oats management strategy to delay or prevent the development of herbicide resistance should be based on preventing the movement of wild oats seed into the soil. Two ways to achieve this are by preventing the immigration of seed into the field from external sources, and by reducing or eliminating seed production by wild oats already in the field. It is becoming increasingly clear that reliance on continuous herbicide useas the sole means of weed control will fail to eliminate wild oats and other weed seed from the soil seedbank. On the contrary, evidence is mounting that this practice will select for biotypes that are resistant to the herbicides used, especially where herbicides of the same mode of action are used continuously. It is essential, therefore, that herbicides be considered as just one component of an overall integrated System together with cultural control and other management strategies, and that agronomic principles be considered when developing this System.

scholarly journals Control of Conyza spp. with glyphosate – a review of the situation in Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sansom ◽  
A.A. Saborido ◽  
M. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Sublethal Doses

In Europe, glyphosate resistant populations have developed in some weed species in perennial crops, including three species of the genus Conyza documented by the International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Conyza spp. biology is reviewed in this paper and related to population dynamics and the development of resistant populations. Suboptimal growth stage at application, improper agricultural practices such as overreliance on glyphosate and long-term use of sublethal doses are identified as the most important factors of resistance development. Current control methods in perennial crops including mixtures of glyphosate with other active ingredients are discussed and effective weed management strategies are described to manage the development and spread of glyphosate resistant Conyza spp. in Europe.

Reshaping the Economic Structure in Argentina: The Role of External Debt during the Macri Administration (2015–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 048661342097642
Author(s):  
Juan E. Santarcángelo ◽  
Juan Manuel Padín
Keyword(s):  
External Debt ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Long Term Effects

Argentina’s right-wing shift in the 2015 presidential election concluded twelve years of center-left rule. The elected president, Mauricio Macri, claimed that the economy would experience normalization of existing imbalances and recover its strength in a “new political era.” However, the new administration quickly restored the dominance of neoliberal economic policies through a comprehensive set of initiatives, which centrally included the return to international financial debt and equity markets and submission to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) rules. This article analyzes Argentina’s external-debt-growth process and discusses its objectives and long-term effects. This paper posits that the indebtedness process carried out by the Macri administration—and its modality—not only increased the relevance of financial capital in the Argentine economy but also structurally conditioned any future nonorthodox alternative path of development. This outcome cannot be understood without taking into account the deliberate role of the United States, the IMF, and the top companies that operate in Argentina, as well as the complicity of many political sectors. JEL Classification: H63, F34, F63

scholarly journals More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lopez-Leon ◽  
Talia Wegman-Ostrosky ◽  
Carol Perelman ◽  
Rosalinda Sepulveda ◽  
Paulina A. Rebolledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Attention Disorder ◽  
Initial Recovery ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractCOVID-19 can involve persistence, sequelae, and other medical complications that last weeks to months after initial recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify studies assessing the long-term effects of COVID-19. LitCOVID and Embase were searched to identify articles with original data published before the 1st of January 2021, with a minimum of 100 patients. For effects reported in two or more studies, meta-analyses using a random-effects model were performed using the MetaXL software to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% CI. PRISMA guidelines were followed. A total of 18,251 publications were identified, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of 55 long-term effects was estimated, 21 meta-analyses were performed, and 47,910 patients were included (age 17–87 years). The included studies defined long-COVID as ranging from 14 to 110 days post-viral infection. It was estimated that 80% of the infected patients with SARS-CoV-2 developed one or more long-term symptoms. The five most common symptoms were fatigue (58%), headache (44%), attention disorder (27%), hair loss (25%), and dyspnea (24%). Multi-disciplinary teams are crucial to developing preventive measures, rehabilitation techniques, and clinical management strategies with whole-patient perspectives designed to address long COVID-19 care.

scholarly journals Role of diuretics on long-term mortality may differ in volume status in patients with acute myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kawai ◽  
D Nakatani ◽  
T Yamada ◽  
T Watanabe ◽  
T Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Volume Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background Diuretics has been reported to have a potential for an activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic nervous system, leading to a possibility of poor clinical outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, few data are available on clinical impact of diuretics on long-term outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) based on plasma volume status. Methods To address the issue, a total of 3,416 survived patients with AMI who were registered to a large database of the Osaka Acute Coronary Insufficiency Study (OACIS) were studied. Plasma volume status was assessed with the estimated plasma volume status (ePVS) that was calculated at discharge as follows: actual PV = (1 − hematocrit) × [a + (b × body weight)] (a=1530 in males and a=864 in females, b=41.0 in males and b=47.9 in females); ideal PV = c × body weight (c=39 in males and c=40 in females), and ePVS = [(actual PV − ideal PV)/ideal PV] × 100 (%). Multivariable Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching were performed to account for imbalances in covariates. The endpoint was all-cause of death (ACD) within 5 years. Results During a median follow-up period of 855±656 days, 193 patients had ACD. In whole population, there was no significant difference in long-term mortality risk between patients with and without diuretics in both multivariate cox regression model and propensity score matching population. When patients were divided into 2 groups according to ePVS with a median value of 4.2%, 46 and 147 patients had ACD in groups with low ePVS and high ePVS, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that use of diuretics was independently associated with an increased risk of ACD in low ePVS group, (HR: 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–5.63, p=0.01), but not in high ePVS group (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.44–1.10, p=0.12). These observations were consistent in the propensity-score matched cohorts; the 5-year mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with diuretics than those without among low ePVS group (4.7% vs 1.7%, p=0.041), but not among high ePVS group (8.0% vs 10.3%, p=0.247). Conclusion Prescription of diuretics at discharge was associated with increased risk of 5-year mortality in patients with AMI without PV expansion, but not with PV expansion. The role of diuretics on long-term mortality may differ in plasma volume status. Therefore, prescription of diuretics after AMI may be considered based on plasma volume status. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Prognostic role of neoplastic markers in Takotsubo syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Santoro ◽  
Tecla Zimotti ◽  
Adriana Mallardi ◽  
Alessandra Leopizzi ◽  
Enrica Vitale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Takotsubo Syndrome ◽  
Ca 15.3 ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ca 19.9 ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

AbstractTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute heart failure syndrome with significant rates of in and out-of-hospital mayor cardiac adverse events (MACE). To evaluate the possible role of neoplastic biomarkers [CA-15.3, CA-19.9 and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)] as prognostic marker at short- and long-term follow-up in subjects with TTS. Ninety consecutive subjects with TTS were enrolled and followed for a median of 3 years. Circulating levels of CA-15.3, CA-19.9 and CEA were evaluated at admission, after 72 h and at discharge. Incidence of MACE during hospitalization and follow-up were recorded. Forty-three (46%) patients experienced MACE during hospitalization. These patients had increased admission levels of CEA (4.3 ± 6.2 vs. 2.2 ± 1.5 ng/mL, p = 0.03). CEA levels were higher in subjects with in-hospital MACE. At long term follow-up, CEA and CA-19.9 levels were associated with increased risk of death (log rank p < 0.01, HR = 5.3, 95% CI 1.9–14.8, HR = 7.8 95% CI 2.4–25.1, respectively, p < 0.01). At multivariable analysis levels higher than median of CEA, CA-19.9 or both were independent predictors of death at long term (Log-Rank p < 0.01). Having both CEA and CA-19.9 levels above median (> 2 ng/mL, > 8 UI/mL respectively) was associated with an increased risk of mortality of 11.8 (95% CI 2.6–52.5, p = 0.001) at follow up. Increased CEA and CA-19.9 serum levels are associated with higher risk of death at long-term follow up in patients with TTS. CEA serum levels are correlated with in-hospital MACE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document