scholarly journals Integrated weed management strategies for delaying herbicide resistance in wild oats

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Thill ◽  
J.T. O’Donovan ◽  
C.A. Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Herbicide-resistant biotypes of wild oats (Avena fatua) infest most major cereal producing regions in the western United States and Canada. This paper reviews potential integrated weed management strategies that can be used to prevent or delay selection of herbicide-resistant wild oats plants. An integrated wild oats management strategy to delay or prevent the development of herbicide resistance should be based on preventing the movement of wild oats seed into the soil. Two ways to achieve this are by preventing the immigration of seed into the field from external sources, and by reducing or eliminating seed production by wild oats already in the field. It is becoming increasingly clear that reliance on continuous herbicide useas the sole means of weed control will fail to eliminate wild oats and other weed seed from the soil seedbank. On the contrary, evidence is mounting that this practice will select for biotypes that are resistant to the herbicides used, especially where herbicides of the same mode of action are used continuously. It is essential, therefore, that herbicides be considered as just one component of an overall integrated System together with cultural control and other management strategies, and that agronomic principles be considered when developing this System.

Seed production and retention at maturity of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and silky windgrass (Apera spica-venti) at wheat harvest

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Bitarafan ◽  
Christian Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Total Seed

AbstractBlackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) and silky windgrass [Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv.] are becoming a significant problem in Europe. Due to the development of herbicide-resistant biotypes and unwanted side effects of herbicides, there is a need for new integrated weed management strategies to control weeds. Therefore, reducing weed infestations by targeting seed production during crop harvest should be considered. In 2017 and 2018, we estimated the fraction of the total seed production of A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti in a field that potentially could be collected by a grain harvester during winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Twenty plants of each species were surrounded by a porous net before flowering to trap shed seeds during reproductive development. Seeds were collected and counted weekly up until and immediately before wheat harvest, and the ratio of harvestable seeds to shed seeds during the growing season was determined. Alopecurus myosuroides produced on average 953 seeds plant−1 in 2017 and 3,337 seeds plant−1 in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, 29% and 37% of the total A. myosuroides seeds produced, respectively, were retained on plants at maturity. Apera spica-venti produced on average 1,192 seeds plant−1 in 2017 and 5,678 seeds plant−1 in 2018, and retained 53% and 16% of the seeds at harvest, respectively. If a grain harvester potentially collected approximately 30% of the total seed production of the two grass weeds and removed or killed them, it would reduce seed input to the soil seedbank. However, such methods cannot stand alone to reduce weed pressure.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Weed Management to Mitigate Herbicide Resistance in Argentina

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Rubione ◽  
Sarah M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Export Taxes

The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a major concern in the corn- and soybean-producing Pampas region of Argentina, where growers predominantly plant glyphosate-resistant crop varieties and depend heavily on glyphosate for weed control. Currently, 16 weed species in Argentina are resistant to one or more of three different herbicide mechanisms of action, and resistant weed populations continue to increase, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. Implementation of integrated weed management to address herbicide resistance faces significant barriers in Argentina, especially current land ownership and rental patterns in the Pampas. More than 60% of Pampas cropland is rented to tenants for periods that rarely exceed 1 yr, resulting in crop rotation being largely abandoned, and crop export taxes and quotas have further discouraged wheat and corn production in favor of continuous soybean production. In this paper we discuss ways to facilitate new approaches to weed management in Argentina, including legal and economic reforms and the formation of a national committee of stakeholders from public and private agricultural sectors.

Suppression of Glyphosate-resistant Canada Fleabane (Conyza canadensis) in Corn with Cover Crops Seeded after Wheat Harvest the Previous Year

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taïga B. Cholette ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crimson Clover

AbstractGlyphosate-resistant (GR) and multiple herbicide–resistant (groups 2 and 9) Canada fleabane have been confirmed in 30 and 23 counties in Ontario, respectively. The widespread incidence of herbicide-resistant Canada fleabane highlights the importance of developing integrated weed management strategies. One strategy is to suppress Canada fleabane using cover crops. Seventeen different cover crop monocultures or polycultures were seeded after winter wheat harvest in late summer to determine GR Canada fleabane suppression in corn grown the following growing season. All cover crop treatments seeded after wheat harvest suppressed GR Canada fleabane in corn the following year. At 4 wk after cover crop emergence (WAE), estimated cover crop ground cover ranged from 31% to 68%, a density of 124 to 638 plants m–2, and a range of biomass from 29 to 109 g m–2, depending on cover crop species. All of the cover crop treatments suppressed GR Canada fleabane in corn grown the following growing season from May to September compared to the no cover crop control. Among treatments evaluated, annual ryegrass (ARG), crimson clover (CC)/ARG, oilseed radish (OSR)/CC/ARG, and OSR/CC/cereal rye (CR) were the best treatments for the suppression of GR Canada fleabane in corn. ARG alone or in combination with CC provided the most consistent GR Canada fleabane suppression, density reduction, and biomass reduction in corn. Grain corn yields were not affected by the use of the cover crops evaluated for Canada fleabane suppression.

scholarly journals The occurrence of herbicide-resistant Avena fatua (wild oats) populations to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Byrne ◽  
A.V. Vijaya Bhaskar ◽  
J. Spink ◽  
R. Freckleton ◽  
P. Neve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Following growers’ reports of herbicide control problems, populations of 30 wild oats, Avena fatua, were collected from the south-east main arable counties of Ireland in 2016 and investigated for the occurrence and potential for herbicide resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors pinoxaden, propaquizafop and cycloxydim, as well as acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron. Plant survival ≥20% was considered as the discriminating threshold between resistant and susceptible populations, when plants were treated with full recommended field rates of ACCase/ALS inhibitors. Glasshouse sensitivity screens revealed 2 out of 30 populations were cross-resistant to all three ACCase inhibitors. While three populations were cross-resistant to both pinoxaden and propaquizafop, and additionally, two populations were resistant to propaquizafop only. Different degree of resistance and cross-resistance between resistant populations suggest the involvement of either different point mutations or more than one resistance mechanism. Nevertheless, all populations including the seven ACCase-resistant populations were equally susceptible to ALS inhibitor. An integrated weed management (cultural/non-chemical control tactics and judicious use of herbicides) approach is strongly recommended to minimize the risk of herbicide resistance evolution.

Genetic Aspects of Herbicide-Resistant Weed Management

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Christoffers
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Frequency Increase ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Case Basis

Weed populations develop herbicide resistance when they evolve due to selection pressure. Mutations and gene flow contribute to genetic variability and provide resistant alleles. The speed of resistance gene frequency increase is determined by the inheritance of resistance alleles relative to wild-type susceptibility and is influenced by the interaction between gene expression and selection. The goal of herbicide resistance management is to minimize selection pressure while maintaining adequate weed control. However, the specific nature of each herbicide, weed, and resistance combination determines the practices that optimize undesirable selection pressure. Therefore, generalized management strategies should be recommended with caution and must not be mandated without thorough evaluation on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals Reducing the Risks of Herbicide Resistance: Best Management Practices and Recommendations

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 31-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Sarah M. Ward ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Rick S. Llewellyn ◽  
Robert L. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Herbicides are the foundation of weed control in commercial crop-production systems. However, herbicide-resistant (HR) weed populations are evolving rapidly as a natural response to selection pressure imposed by modern agricultural management activities. Mitigating the evolution of herbicide resistance depends on reducing selection through diversification of weed control techniques, minimizing the spread of resistance genes and genotypes via pollen or propagule dispersal, and eliminating additions of weed seed to the soil seedbank. Effective deployment of such a multifaceted approach will require shifting from the current concept of basing weed management on single-year economic thresholds.

Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Management Tactics and Practices

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Reactive Management

In input-intensive cropping systems around the world, farmers rarely proactively manage weeds to prevent or delay the selection for herbicide resistance. Farmers usually increase the adoption of integrated weed management practices only after herbicide resistance has evolved, although herbicides continue to be the dominant method of weed control. Intergroup herbicide resistance in various weed species has been the main impetus for changes in management practices and adoption of cropping systems that reduce selection for resistance. The effectiveness and adoption of herbicide and nonherbicide tactics and practices for the proactive and reactive management of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds are reviewed. Herbicide tactics include sequences and rotations, mixtures, application rates, site-specific application, and use of HR crops. Nonherbicide weed-management practices or nonselective herbicides applied preplant or in crop, integrated with less-frequent selective herbicide use in diversified cropping systems, have mitigated the evolution, spread, and economic impact of HR weeds.

Herbicide resistance in the nursery crop production and landscape maintenance industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Joseph C. Neal ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Ornamental Species

AbstractWeed management is an important issue for nursery crop and Christmas tree producers, as well as for those maintaining turfgrass or ornamental species in landscape plantings. PRE and POST herbicides are important weed management tools for these industries. Reports of herbicide-resistant weeds increased from fewer than 100 cases in 1985 to nearly 500 cases globally in 2019, including ones found in turfgrass or ornamental systems. The evolution, persistence, and management of herbicide-resistant weeds are an ongoing educational process. We must keep our stakeholders aware of improved weed control technology and provide them information on resistant weeds. A symposium at the 2019 Weed Science Society of America meeting was conducted with presentations and discussions by invited speakers in relation to current research and potential management strategies for resistant weeds in turfgrass, landscape ornamental, and nursery crops. To prepare for the symposium, a survey was prepared for nursery producers and landscapers on the issues of herbicide-resistant weeds and offsite movement of herbicides used to control herbicide-resistant weeds. Overall, most respondents felt herbicide-resistant weeds are a serious problem and most had personally observed herbicide resistance on properties they maintain. Resistance to glyphosate was the herbicide cited by most respondents, followed by resistance to triazine herbicides. Most felt their weed-control costs had increased because of resistant weeds. Approximately 20% of respondents had their operation affected by drift of herbicides from nearby farm fields, with most reporting no damage from spray or vapor drift, but a few reported greater than 50% of the crop damaged.

scholarly journals Management Options for Multiple Herbicide–Resistant Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) in Spain

Weed Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Rey-Caballero ◽  
Aritz Royo-Esnal ◽  
Jordi Recasens ◽  
Ignacio González ◽  
Joel Torra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

Corn poppy is the most widespread broadleaf weed infesting winter cereals in Europe. Biotypes that are resistant (R) to both 2,4-D and tribenuron-methyl have evolved in recent decades, thus complicating their chemical control. In this study, field experiments at two locations over three seasons were conducted to evaluate the effects of different weed management strategies on corn poppy resistant to 2,4-D and tribenuron-methyl, including crop rotations, delayed sowing and different herbicide programs. After 3 yr, all integrated weed management (IWM) strategies reduced the initial density of corn poppy, although the most successful strategies were those which either included a suitable crop rotation (sunflower or field peas), or had a variation in the herbicide application timing (early POST or combining PRE or early POST and POST). The efficacy of IWM strategies differed between both locations, possibly due to different population dynamics and the genetic basis of herbicide resistance. Integrated management of multiple herbicide–resistant corn poppy is necessary in order to reduce selection pressure by herbicides, mitigate the evolution of new R biotypes, and reduce the weed density in highly infested fields.

scholarly journals Spatial Modelling of Within-Field Weed Populations; a Review

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Gayle J. Somerville ◽  
Mette Sønderskov ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Helen Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Temporal Models ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Concerns around herbicide resistance, human risk, and the environmental impacts of current weed control strategies have led to an increasing demand for alternative weed management methods. Many new weed management strategies are under development; however, the poor availability of accurate weed maps, and a lack of confidence in the outcomes of alternative weed management strategies, has hindered their adoption. Developments in field sampling and processing, combined with spatial modelling, can support the implementation and assessment of new and more integrated weed management strategies. Our review focuses on the biological and mathematical aspects of assembling within-field weed models. We describe both static and spatio-temporal models of within-field weed distributions (including both cellular automata (CA) and non-CA models), discussing issues surrounding the spatial processes of weed dispersal and competition and the environmental and anthropogenic processes that affect weed spatial and spatio-temporal distributions. We also examine issues surrounding model uncertainty. By reviewing the current state-of-the-art in both static and temporally dynamic weed spatial modelling we highlight some of the strengths and weaknesses of current techniques, together with current and emerging areas of interest for the application of spatial models, including targeted weed treatments, economic analysis, herbicide resistance and integrated weed management, the dispersal of biocontrol agents, and invasive weed species.

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