Herbicide resistance in the nursery crop production and landscape maintenance industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Joseph C. Neal ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Ornamental Species

AbstractWeed management is an important issue for nursery crop and Christmas tree producers, as well as for those maintaining turfgrass or ornamental species in landscape plantings. PRE and POST herbicides are important weed management tools for these industries. Reports of herbicide-resistant weeds increased from fewer than 100 cases in 1985 to nearly 500 cases globally in 2019, including ones found in turfgrass or ornamental systems. The evolution, persistence, and management of herbicide-resistant weeds are an ongoing educational process. We must keep our stakeholders aware of improved weed control technology and provide them information on resistant weeds. A symposium at the 2019 Weed Science Society of America meeting was conducted with presentations and discussions by invited speakers in relation to current research and potential management strategies for resistant weeds in turfgrass, landscape ornamental, and nursery crops. To prepare for the symposium, a survey was prepared for nursery producers and landscapers on the issues of herbicide-resistant weeds and offsite movement of herbicides used to control herbicide-resistant weeds. Overall, most respondents felt herbicide-resistant weeds are a serious problem and most had personally observed herbicide resistance on properties they maintain. Resistance to glyphosate was the herbicide cited by most respondents, followed by resistance to triazine herbicides. Most felt their weed-control costs had increased because of resistant weeds. Approximately 20% of respondents had their operation affected by drift of herbicides from nearby farm fields, with most reporting no damage from spray or vapor drift, but a few reported greater than 50% of the crop damaged.

scholarly journals Reducing the Risks of Herbicide Resistance: Best Management Practices and Recommendations

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (SP1) ◽  
pp. 31-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Sarah M. Ward ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Rick S. Llewellyn ◽  
Robert L. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Herbicides are the foundation of weed control in commercial crop-production systems. However, herbicide-resistant (HR) weed populations are evolving rapidly as a natural response to selection pressure imposed by modern agricultural management activities. Mitigating the evolution of herbicide resistance depends on reducing selection through diversification of weed control techniques, minimizing the spread of resistance genes and genotypes via pollen or propagule dispersal, and eliminating additions of weed seed to the soil seedbank. Effective deployment of such a multifaceted approach will require shifting from the current concept of basing weed management on single-year economic thresholds.

scholarly journals A critical review of integrated grass weed management in Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Byrne ◽  
J. Spink ◽  
R. Freckleton ◽  
P. Neve ◽  
S. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Grass Weed

AbstractGrass weeds affect arable crops throughout the world, inflicting yield penalties, reducing crop quality and taking available nutrients away from the growing crop. Recently in Ireland, the presence of herbicide resistance in grass weeds has been noted. In order to preserve the sustainability of crop production in Ireland, an integrated pest management approach must be implemented. How this applies to control grass weeds was the focus of this review. Here we examined the state of current research into grass weed biology and the nature of herbicide resistance, identifying gaps in research in the Irish context. We identified a number of cultural grass weed control techniques, as being relevant to the Irish mode of crop production. Crop rotation, cultivation techniques, manipulation of sowing dates and increased crop competition were recognised as useful strategies. Combining these strategies to provide effective grass weed control may be key to reduce dependence on herbicides.

Genetic Aspects of Herbicide-Resistant Weed Management

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Christoffers
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Frequency Increase ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Case Basis

Weed populations develop herbicide resistance when they evolve due to selection pressure. Mutations and gene flow contribute to genetic variability and provide resistant alleles. The speed of resistance gene frequency increase is determined by the inheritance of resistance alleles relative to wild-type susceptibility and is influenced by the interaction between gene expression and selection. The goal of herbicide resistance management is to minimize selection pressure while maintaining adequate weed control. However, the specific nature of each herbicide, weed, and resistance combination determines the practices that optimize undesirable selection pressure. Therefore, generalized management strategies should be recommended with caution and must not be mandated without thorough evaluation on a case-by-case basis.

Decoding Non-Target-Site Herbicide Resistance in Sunflower: The Beginning of the Story

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (70) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mercedes Gil ◽  
Graciela Nestares
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Transgenic Technologies ◽  
New Compounds

AbstractIn the last years, many efforts have been made to develop sunflower cultivars showing important agronomical characteristics such as herbicide resistance. These approaches have been focused mainly on resistance to herbicides with the same mode of action, that is acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors. To date, four induced and natural AHAS mutations have been found that confer resistance to these herbicides and many of these alleles are being used for the production of sunflower hybrids resistant to herbicides and to develop different non-transgenic technologies for weed control. However, little is known about the bases of non-target-site-based resistance (NTSR) developing cross-resistance to herbicides with different modes of action in sunflower. These mechanisms diminish the number of active herbicide molecules that reach the target and are generally polygenic. Elucidating the nature of NTSR would allow evaluating maximal efficiency conditions for the herbicide and would enable to establish weed management strategies in sunflower crop. Nowadays, mining of NTSR genes can be more easily accomplished taking advantage of up-to-date omics-based approaches: high-throughput techniques involving genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Considering the difficulties in the discovery of new compounds with a broad spectrum of weed control, it results essential to broaden the use of former herbicides which are highly efficient and ecologically desirable. Full understanding of NTSR mechanisms in sunflower would allow detecting specific genes potentially useful as biotechnological tools for the phytoremediation of herbicides and modern plant breeding.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management strategies for delaying herbicide resistance in wild oats

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Thill ◽  
J.T. O’Donovan ◽  
C.A. Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Soil Seedbank

Herbicide-resistant biotypes of wild oats (Avena fatua) infest most major cereal producing regions in the western United States and Canada. This paper reviews potential integrated weed management strategies that can be used to prevent or delay selection of herbicide-resistant wild oats plants. An integrated wild oats management strategy to delay or prevent the development of herbicide resistance should be based on preventing the movement of wild oats seed into the soil. Two ways to achieve this are by preventing the immigration of seed into the field from external sources, and by reducing or eliminating seed production by wild oats already in the field. It is becoming increasingly clear that reliance on continuous herbicide useas the sole means of weed control will fail to eliminate wild oats and other weed seed from the soil seedbank. On the contrary, evidence is mounting that this practice will select for biotypes that are resistant to the herbicides used, especially where herbicides of the same mode of action are used continuously. It is essential, therefore, that herbicides be considered as just one component of an overall integrated System together with cultural control and other management strategies, and that agronomic principles be considered when developing this System.

No-tillage adoption decisions in southern Australian cropping and the role of weed management

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. D'Emden ◽  
R. S. Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
System Use

Adoption of no-tillage sowing systems has increased rapidly in many Australian grain growing regions over the past decade. The extent of herbicide resistant weed populations in these regions has also increased over the same period. A survey of growers in the South and Western Australian cropping regions was conducted to identify opportunities for more effective tillage and weed-related extension. Trends in sowing system use are determined, as are growers’ perceptions of the long-term effects of no-tillage on herbicide costs, herbicide resistance, and soil erosion. The results suggest a major expansion in the adoption of no-tillage sowing in most South Australian cropping regions over the next 5 years, although growers expect increased herbicide costs in no-tillage systems and an increased risk of herbicide resistance. Herbicide resistance and weed control issues are the main reasons given for reducing no-tillage use. A key research and extension challenge is to develop and implement weed management strategies that are able to sustain long-term no-tillage use in a cropping environment where growers place a high value on the soil and production benefits of no-tillage, but over-reliance on herbicides can rapidly lead to resistance in major crop weeds.

scholarly journals Nonconventional Weed Management Strategies for Modern Agriculture

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Bajwa ◽  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Control Options

Weeds are a significant problem in crop production and their management in modern agriculture is crucial to avoid yield losses and ensure food security. Intensive agricultural practices, changing climate, and natural disasters affect weed dynamics and that requires a change in weed management protocols. The existing manual control options are no longer viable because of labor shortages; chemical control options are limited by ecodegradation, health hazards, and development of herbicide resistance in weeds. We are therefore reviewing some potential nonconventional weed management strategies for modern agriculture that are viable, feasible, and efficient. Improvement in tillage regimes has long been identified as an impressive weed-control measure. Harvest weed seed control and seed predation have been shown as potential tools for reducing weed emergence and seed bank reserves. Development in the field of allelopathy for weed management has led to new techniques for weed control. The remarkable role of biotechnological advancements in developing herbicide-resistant crops, bioherbicides, and harnessing the allelopathic potential of crops is also worth mentioning in a modern weed management program. Thermal weed management has also been observed as a useful technique, especially under conservation agriculture systems. Last, precision weed management has been elaborated with sufficient details. The role of remote sensing, modeling, and robotics as an integral part of precision weed management has been highlighted in a realistic manner. All these strategies are viable for today's agriculture; however, site-specific selection and the use of right combinations will be the key to success. No single strategy is perfect, and therefore an integrated approach may provide better results. Future research is needed to explore the potential of these strategies and to optimize them on technological and cultural bases. The adoption of such methods may improve the efficiency of cropping systems under sustainable and conservation practices.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds.

scholarly journals Weed control in soybean (Glycine max L.) through resource management strategies and its influence on yield and nutrient uptake

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 539-543
Author(s):  
Aradhana Bali ◽  
B. R. Bazaya ◽  
Sandeep Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2011 at Research Farm, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha, Jammu to evaluate the effect of weed management prac-tices on yield and nutrient uptake of soybean utilizing different resource management strategies. The lowest weed density and dry matter of weeds was recorded with hand weeding at 15 and 35 days after sowing (DAS) which was equally effective as imazethapyr @ 75 g ha -1 (PoE) fb hoeing at 35 DAS and quizalofop-ethyl @ 40 g ha-1 (PoE) fb hoeing at 35 DAS. All weed control treatments had significant effect on yield and nutrient up-take of soybean. Among the different weed control treatments, lowest N, P and K uptake by weeds were recorded in hand-weeding (15 and 35 DAS) which was statistically at par with imazethapyr @ 75 g ha -1 fb hoeing at 35 DAS. The maximum uptake by seed and straw were recorded in weed free which was statistically at par with twice hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS, imazethapyr @ 75 g ha-1 fb hoeing at 35 DAS and quizalofop-ethyl @ 40 g ha-1 fb hoeing at 35 DAS. The highest seed and straw yield of soybean was harvested with hand-weeding (15 and 35 DAS) followed by imazethapyr @ 75 g ha -1 fb hoeing at 35 DAS. For the first time, soybean crop has been introduced in Jammu region for research purpose. Weed management varies with agro-climatic conditions. The study would be helpful to understand weed menace in this particular climatic condition of Jammu and to manage them combinedly and efficiently.

Sumatran Fleabane (Erigeron sumatrensis) Resistant to PSI-Inhibitor Herbicides and Physiological Responses to Paraquat

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jéssica F. L. Leal ◽  
Amanda dos S. Souza ◽  
Junior Borella ◽  
André Lucas S. Araujo ◽  
Ana Claudia Langaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Paraquat Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

Abstract Herbicide-resistant weed management is one of the greatest agricultural challenges in crop production. Thus, the quick identification of resistant-herbicide weeds is extremely important for management. This study aimed to evaluate resistance to PSI-inhibitor herbicides (diquat) of Sumatran Fleabane [(Erigeron sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker)] and physiological response to paraquat application. The research was conducted with two E. sumatrensis biotypes, one susceptible and the other with multiple resistance to herbicides from five different modes of action (glyphosate, paraquat, diuron, saflufenacil, and 2,4-D). A dose-response assay was carried out to evaluate herbicide resistance to diquat in paraquat-resistant E. sumatrensis biotype. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured in both biotypes after paraquat (400 g ai ha−1) application. The dose-response assay confirmed resistance of E. sumatrensis to diquat with resistance factor levels of 26-fold and 6-fold for LD50 and GR50 values, respectively, compared with the susceptible biotype. The accumulation of H2O2 occurred faster in the paraquat-susceptible biotype than in the resistant ones. Paraquat treatment caused an increase in SOD and APX activity in the susceptible biotype, but antioxidant enzyme activities were unaffected by paraquat in the resistant one at 5 hours after application (HAA). Chlorophyll a fluorescence increased along the first 4 HAA in both resistant and susceptible biotypes. However, at 24 HAA the resistant biotype showed a decline in fluorescence close to untreated plants while susceptible one died, which can be used to diagnose paraquat resistance at 24 HAA. There is confirmed resistance to diquat in a paraquat-resistant E. sumatrensis biotype. The paraquat-resistant biotype does not induce antioxidative enzymes, as a possible mechanism of resistance to paraquat, but shows a fast recovery of photosynthesis and continuous growth when subjected to paraquat, while the paraquat-susceptible biotype does not survive.

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