Effects of postharvest methyl jasmonate treatments against Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. X. Eyre ◽  
J. Faragher ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
P. R. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

Cut Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer) flowers are often infected with Botrytis cinerea. Release of infection from quiescence can cause ethylene production by invaded host tissues and result in flower abscission. Postharvest floral organ abscission is a major problem for the commercial waxflower industry. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) occurs naturally in plant tissue and has a signalling role in eliciting induced systemic resistance against disease. MeJA treatments have been shown to suppress B. cinerea infecting cut rose flowers. The present experiments investigated the potential of exogenous MeJA treatments for B. cinerea management on harvested waxflower. MeJA treatments of 10 and 100 µL liquid MeJA/L of air applied to cv. Purple Pride and 1 µL MeJA/L to cv. Mullering Brook gave reductions in disease severity for uninoculated stems. However, concentrations of 100 µL MeJA/L applied to Purple Pride in addition to 1 and 10 µL MeJA/L applied to Mullering Brook increased the incidence of floral organ fall. Flower abscission upon treatment with MeJA may be due to induced systemic resistance-associated upregulation of ethylene biosynthesis. MeJA treatments had no direct effect on B. cinerea hyphal elongation in vitro. Collectively, these results show that while MeJA treatment may elicit defence in waxflower against Botrytis, the chemical also causes floral organ fall. Thus, exogenous MeJA treatments do not have potential for B. cinerea management on harvested waxflower.

scholarly journals Saprophytic microorganisms with potential for biological control of Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Beasley ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
L. M. Coates ◽  
A. H. Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Saprophytic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated from Geraldton waxflower flowers and screened to identify potential antagonism towards Botrytis cinerea. Isolates from other sources (e.g. avocado) were also tested. Isolates were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of B. cinerea conidial germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The most antagonistic bacteria, yeasts and fungi were selected for further testing on detached waxflower flowers. Conidia of the pathogen were mixed with conidia or cells of the selected antagonists, co-inoculated onto waxflower flowers, and the flowers were sealed in glass jars and incubated at 20˚C. The number of days required for the pathogen to cause flower abscission was determined. The most antagonistic bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas sp. 677, significantly reduced conidial germination and retarded germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. None of the yeast or fungal isolates tested was found to significantly reduce conidial germination or retard germ tube elongation, but several significantly inhibited growth of B. cinerea. Fusarium sp., Epicoccum sp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most antagonistic of these isolates. Of the isolates tested on waxflower, Pseudomonas sp. 677 was highly antagonistic towards B. cinerea and delayed waxflower abscission by about 3 days. Trichoderma harzianum also significantly delayed flower abscission. However, as with most of the fungal antagonists used, inoculation of waxflower flowers with this isolate resulted in unsightly mycelial growth.

scholarly journals Priming of Defense Systems and Upregulation of MYC2 and JAZ1 Genes after Botrytis cinerea Inoculation in Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Strawberry Fruits

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Valenzuela-Riffo ◽  
Paz E. Zúñiga ◽  
Luis Morales-Quintana ◽  
Mauricio Lolas ◽  
Marcela Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
The Past ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
And Control

Several attempts have been made to study the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on plants in the past years. However, the comparative effects of the number and phenological time of MeJA applications on the activation of defense systems is currently unknown in strawberries. In the present research, we performed three field treatments during strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Camarosa’) fruit development and ripening which consisted of differential MeJA applications at flowering (M3), and the large green (M2 and M3) and red ripe (M1, M2, and M3) fruit stages. We also checked changes in gene expression related to plant defense against Botrytis cinerea inoculation post-harvest. In M3 treatment, we observed an upregulation of the anthocyanin and lignin contents and the defense-related genes, encoding for chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins, after harvest (0 hpi), along with the jasmonate signaling-related genes FaMYC2 and FaJAZ1 at 48 h after B. cinerea inoculation (48 hpi) during postharvest storage. Although we did not find differences in gray mold incidence between the MeJA treatments and control, these results suggest that preharvest MeJA treatment from the flowering stage onwards (M3) primes defense responses mediated by the upregulation of different defense-related genes and retains the upregulation of MYC2 and JAZ1 at 48 hpi.

Profiling methyl jasmonate-responsive transcriptome for understanding induced systemic resistance in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Holly Williams ◽  
Xiao Rui Li ◽  
Anna W. Schoettle ◽  
Richard A. Sniezko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis ◽  
Whitebark Pine

Postharvest floral organ fall in Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer)

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

Possible reasons for, and prevention of, postharvest floral organ fall in Geraldton waxflower (Chamelaucium unciizatum Schauer) were studied. An 11-kg compression load, equivalent to the lidding of a carton, caused flower fall amounting to 1% of the fresh mass of 420-g bunches. Fungal development also resulted in flower abscission. Healthy flowers produced little ethylene (e.g. 0.05 �L/kg.h), while infected flowers produced much more (e.g. 7.71 �L/kg.h) and were shed. Treatment with fungicide (iprodione + mancozeb) and antiethylene compounds [e.g. silver thiosulfate (STS) pulse, Purafil sorbant] reduced flowerfall in packaged flowers. Cut sprigs which suffered severe water deficit also shed flowers. In cv. Elegance, drying to -3.61 MPa elevated ethylene production (e.g. 1.35 �L/kg . h). Flowerfall induced by water deficit could be reduced by pretreatment with a STS pulse (0.5 mmol Ag+/L for 15-22 h at 0�C or 4 mmol Ag+/L for 20-30 min at about 20�C). Pretreatment with a naphthaleneacetic acid dip (50 mg/L for 1 min at room temperature) shortened the vase life of Elegance.

scholarly journals Effects of Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate Treatments on Flavonoid and Carotenoid Accumulation in the Juice Sacs of Satsuma Mandarin In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8916
Author(s):  
Risa Yamamoto ◽  
Gang Ma ◽  
Lancui Zhang ◽  
Miki Hirai ◽  
Masaki Yahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Meja Treatment ◽  
Juice Sacs

Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid are two important plant hormones that trigger the plant defense responses and regulate the accumulation of bioactive compounds in plants. In the present study, the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on flavonoid and carotenoid accumulation were investigated in the juice sacs of Satsuma mandarin in vitro. The results showed that SA treatment was effective to enhance the contents of eriocitrin, narirutin, poncirin, and β-cryptoxanthin in the juice sacs (p < 0.05). In contrast, the MeJA treatment inhibited flavonoid and carotenoid accumulation in the juice sacs (p < 0.05). Gene expression results showed that the changes of flavonoid and carotenoid contents in the SA and MeJA treatments were highly regulated at the transcriptional level. In addition, a transcriptional factor CitWRKY70 was identified in the microarray analysis, which was induced by the SA treatment, while suppressed by the MeJA treatment. In the SA and MeJA treatments, the change in the expression of CitWRKY70 was consistent with that of flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic key genes. These results indicated that CitWRKY70 might be involved in the regulation of flavonoid and carotenoid accumulation in response to SA and MeJA treatments in the juice sacs of citrus fruit.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Produced by Serratia marcescens 90-166 Is Not the Primary Determinant of Induced Systemic Resistance in Cucumber or Tobacco

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Press ◽  
M. Wilson ◽  
S. Tuzun ◽  
J. W. Kloepper
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Ferric Iron ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
In Planta

The rhizobacterial strain Serratia marcescens 90–66 mediates induced systemic resistance (ISR) to fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. It was determined that strain 90–166 produced salicylic acid (SA), using the salicylateresponsive reporter plasmid pUTK21. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of culture extracts confirmedthe production of SA in broth culture. Mini-Tn5phoA mutants, which did not produce detectable amounts of SA, retained ISR activity in cucumber against the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare. Strain 90–166 induced disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci in wild-type Xanthi-nc and transgenic NahG-10 tobacco expressing salicylate hydroxylase. Increasing ferric iron concentrations in vitro reduced SA production below detectable limits, and increasing ferric iron concentration in planta, applied as a root drench, significantly reduced the level of ISR observed in cucumber to C. orbiculare. An ISR¯ mutant (90-166-2882) still produced SA. The results of this study indicate that SA produced by 90–166 is not the primary bacterial determinant of ISR and that this bacterial-mediated ISR system is affected by iron concentration.

scholarly journals Establishment of long-term methyl jasmonate-induced resistance in Norway spruce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Wilkinson ◽  
Lars Dalen ◽  
Thomas Skrautvol ◽  
Jurriaan Ton ◽  
Paal Krokene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Meja Treatment

Norway spruce (Picea abies) is an economically and ecologically important tree species that grows across northern and central Europe. Treating Norway spruce with jasmonate has long-lasting beneficial effects on tree resistance to damaging pests, such as the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal associates. The potential involvement of (epi)genetic mechanisms in this long-lasting jasmonate-induced resistance (IR) has gained much recent interest, but remains largely unknown. In this study, we treated 2-year-old spruce seedlings with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and challenged them with the I. typographus vectored necrotrophic fungus Grosmannia penicillata. MeJA treatment reduced the extent of necrotic lesions in the bark and thus elicited IR to the fungus. The transcriptional response of spruce bark to MeJA treatment was analyzed over a 4-week time course using mRNA-seq. This analysis provided evidence that MeJA treatment induced a transient upregulation of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and downstream signaling genes. Additionally, genes encoding components of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway showed long-term repression, suggesting a possible role of DNA demethylation in the maintenance of MeJA-IR. These results provide new clues about the potential mechanisms underpinning long-term MeJA-IR in Norway spruce.

scholarly journals No Role for Bacterially Produced Salicylic Acid in Rhizobacterial Induction of Systemic Resistance in Arabidopsis

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1349-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. X. Ran ◽  
L. C. van Loon ◽  
P. A. H. M. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Speck ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

The role of bacterially produced salicylic acid (SA) in the induction of systemic resistance in plants by rhizobacteria is far from clear. The strong SA producer Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374r induces resistance in radish but not in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas application of SA leads to induction of resistance in both plant species. In this study, we compared P. fluorescens WCS374r with three other SA-producing fluorescent Pseudomonas strains, P. fluorescens WCS417r and CHA0r, and P. aeruginosa 7NSK2 for their abilities to produce SA under different growth conditions and to induce systemic resistance in A. thaliana against bacterial speck, caused by P. syringae pv. tomato. All strains produced SA in vitro, varying from 5 fg cell-1 for WCS417r to >25 fg cell-1 for WCS374r. Addition of 200 μM FeCl3 to standard succinate medium abolished SA production in all strains. Whereas the incubation temperature did not affect SA production by WCS417r and 7NSK2, strains WCS374r and CHA0r produced more SA when grown at 33 instead of 28°C. WCS417r, CHA0r, and 7NSK2 induced systemic resistance apparently associated with their ability to produce SA, but WCS374r did not. Conversely, a mutant of 7NSK2 unable to produce SA still triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR). The possible involvement of SA in the induction of resistance was evaluated using SA-nonaccumulating transgenic NahG plants. Strains WCS417r, CHA0r, and 7NSK2 induced resistance in NahG Arabidopsis. Also, WCS374r, when grown at 33 or 36°C, triggered ISR in these plants, but not in ethylene-insensitive ein2 or in non-plant pathogenesis- related protein-expressing npr1 mutant plants, irrespective of the growth temperature of the bacteria. These results demonstrate that, whereas WCS374r can be manipulated to trigger ISR in Arabidopsis, SA is not the primary determinant for the induction of systemic resistance against bacterial speck disease by this bacterium. Also, for the other SAproducing strains used in this study, bacterial determinants other than SA must be responsible for inducing resistance.

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