Optimum inclusion and replacement value of boiled Mucuna cochinchinensis for soybean meal in broiler diets

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Ukachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

Optimum inclusion level of boiled Mucuna cochinchinensis and its replacement value for soybean meal in both starter and finisher broiler diets were assessed using 400 unsexed 7-day-old broiler chickens in a completely randomised experiment. The boiled Mucuna meal was used to replace soybean protein at five levels (0, 19, 38, 57 and 76%) in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. Feeding of the experimental diets lasted 4 weeks in each of the starter and finisher phases. During the last week of each phase, three birds per replicate were selected and used for metabolism (nutrient retention) studies. At the starter phase, only bodyweight and daily weight gain were significantly depressed (P < 0.05) by inclusion levels of 38% and above, whereas bodyweight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were depressed (P < 0.05) by inclusion levels of 57 and 76% at the finisher phase. At both phases, the inclusion level had a cost sparing effect such that the highest inclusion level resulted in the production of the cheapest diet and lowest cost per unit weight gain. The replacement and inclusion levels produced no significant (P > 0.05) effects on the retention of all the proximate components and energy at both starter and finisher phases. Therefore, on the basis of bodyweight and weight gain, the replacement of soybean protein by boiled M. cochinchinensis at 19 and 38% for starter and finisher phases, respectively, is recommended. These translate to 9.36 and 14.4% inclusion levels of boiled M. cochinchinensis in starter and finisher broiler diets, respectively.

Effect of processing methods on the nutritional value of Mucuna cochinchinensis to broiler chicks

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Ukachukwu ◽  
F. C. Obioha
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Crude Fibre

The performance and nutrient retention of broilers fed raw (RMD), toasted (TMD), boiled (BMD), soaked and boiled (SMD) or no (NMD) Mucuna cochinchinensis seed diets at both starter and finisher phases were assessed using 400 broiler chicks. The birds were fed a common proprietary feed (Top Feed) until 2 weeks of age, followed by a treatment diet for 3 weeks of the starter period, then 5 weeks on the finisher diet. At the starter phase, RMD significantly (P < 0.05) decreased liveweight, daily weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and encouraged poorer feed conversion ratio and higher cost per kilogram weight gain when compared with other diets. TMD decreased (P < 0.05) only the protein efficiency ratio. RMD also decreased (P < 0.05) retention of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF) and energy while TMD decreased (P < 0.05) retention of only DM, CP, and energy. At the finisher phase, RMD also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased daily weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio and increased cost per kg weight gain, while TMD decreased (P < 0.05) only the protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio. RMD again decreased (P < 0.05) retention of DM, CP, CF and energy, while TMD, as in the starter phase, again decreased (P < 0.05) retention of DM, CP and energy. On a cumulative basis, RMD adversely affected (P < 0.05) all the parameters under investigation. TMD affected (P < 0.05) only the feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and cost per kg weight gain. Boiling Mucuna cochinchinensis, therefore, encourages significantly better performance of chicks, higher nutrient retention and lower cost per kg weight gain than toasting, whereas soaking before boiling does not add any advantage to boiling alone.

EFFECTS OF INCREASING DIETARY LEVELS OF COMMERCIALLY HEATED SOYBEANS ON PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT RETENTION AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER CHICKENS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
J. O. ATTEH ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
High Degree

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing broiler diets fed to 6 wk of age, with 0, 10, 20 or 30% of commercially heated unextracted soybeans (T.I.A. 3.9 mg g−1). Birds fed soybeans consumed less feed in the 0- to 21-d starter period and this was associated with reduced weight gain (P < 0.05) and increased feed intake: weight gain (P < 0.05). There was a decrease in calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and fat retention with feeding of soybeans and this effect was most pronounced with the 30% inclusion level. Diet ME was also reduced with increased use of soybeans (P < 0.05). However, there was a decrease in digesta and fecal soap concentration with an increase in dietary levels of heated ground soybeans (P < 0.01). While carcass weight followed a trend similar to that of weight gain (P < 0.01), there was no difference between treatments for percent carcass yield (P < 0.05). Soft fat depot areas were observed when soybean oil was the primary dietary fat. Fatty acid analysis of carcass fat confirms a high degree of unsaturation for birds fed 30% heated soybeans. However, this feature was not unduly objectionable nor did it affect carcass grading (P > 0.05). Key words: Heated soybeans, broiler performance, carcass quality

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN SEBAGIAN RANSUM BASAL DENGAN TEPUNG DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM PEDAGING

ZOOTEC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Sintia Tempomona ◽  
Betty Bagau ◽  
Fenny R. Wolayan ◽  
Mursye N. Regar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Basal Ration

EFFECT OF SUBTITUTION OF BASIC RATIONS WITH PAPAYA LEAF MEAL ON BROILER PERFORMANCE.  This research aims to know the effect of substitution of basic rations with papaya leaf meal on broiler performance. Using 100 broiler chickens aged 2 weeks with an initial weight rate of 278.75 g. The design used was complete random design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The arrangement of the treatment was as follows: R0 = 100% basal ration (RB) + 0% papaya leaf meal (PLM), R1 = 95% basal ration + 5% PLM, R2 = 90% basal ration + 10% PLM, R3 = 85% basal ration + 15% PLM. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the replacement of a portion of basal rations with papaya leaf meal had a significantly different (P < 0.05) on feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion. Based on the results of this study, It can be concluded that the using of papaya leaf meal can replace a portion of ration until 5% level.Keywords: Performance, papaya leaf meal, broiler chickens

CHOLINE, NIACIN AND THIAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION OF CANOLA AND SOYBEAN PROTEIN DIETS FED TO BROILERS TO 6 WK OF AGE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Protein Diets

Diets containing canola and soybean meal as the only source of protein and containing no supplemental niacin, choline or thiamine were fed to male broiler chickens from 1 wk to 6 wk of age. Supplementation of the basal diet with various levels of the vitamins failed to significantly alter weight gain, gain:feed ratio or percent bone ash values. Examination of the birds for leg deformities and difficulty in walking showed no difference between the basal and the vitamin-supplemented diets. It was concluded that the three vitamins investigated would not be factors in problems arising from the substitution of canola for soybean meal in practical type broiler diets. Key words: Canola, soybean meal, vitamins, broilers

scholarly journals Performance and organ characteristics of broiler chickens fed varying levels of rumen content

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
A. M. Umar ◽  
A. U. Daninna ◽  
M. S. Muazu ◽  
A. M. Kirfi ◽  
M. Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overall Performance

A trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing wheat offal with rumen content on the growth performance of broiler chickens. A total of one hundred and fifty (150), one day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to five (5) dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10% inclusion levels of sundried rumen content and 5 and 10% inclusion levels of roasted rumen content as a replacement to wheat offal. Each treatment was replicated three times with five (5) birds per replicate in a completely randomized design experiment. The trial lasted for eight (8) weeks. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the final weights, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio at the starter phase and finisher phases. Furthermore, no significant differences in the final weight (1346.60-1508.50g), daily feed intake (83.57-100.00g), and daily weight gain (36.43-39.53g), and were observed for the overall performance. However, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the feed conversion ratio with the highest being 2.69g and the lowest 2.33g in the overall performance. From these findings, it could be concluded that rumen content could replace wheat offal without any detrimental effect on the performance of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous extract of cocoyam leaf (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) on growth performance of broiler chickens fed full-fat Soya bean

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
C. I. Ebenebe ◽  
C. A. Mmadubugwu ◽  
O. C. Ogbu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts from cocoyam leaf on the growth performance of broiler chickens fed full-fat Soya bean. The study was carried out with seventy-two (72) day old broiler chickens in a completely randomized design. The seventytwo (72) broiler chicks were randomly assigned into four groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4), each treatment had (3) birds per replicate. The T1 which was the control, contained 0g of aqueous extract of cocoyam leaves while the birds in T2, T3 and T4 were offered aqueous extract of cocoyam leaves at 100g, 150g and 200g per 6 liters of water, respectively. The test ingredients were analyzed for nutritional and phytochemical composition. Data was collected from the broiler chickens' daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, body weight gain and daily weight gain. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) on the feed intake, daily weight gain, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, initial and final body weights of the broiler birds. However, total water and mean daily water intake differed significantly (P>0.05). The extract administered groups (T2, T3 and T4) had lower water intake as the quality of cocoyam leaves increased. The significant variations in the water intake as the quantity of cocoyam increased may be attributed to anti-nutrient factors (tannins) found in the leaves. The cocoyam leaves are rich in nutrients when assessed by the proximate and mineral composition. It can serve as a feedstuff for livestock. Cocoyam leaves extracts should be used with caution due to the anti-nutritional factors present in it. It is therefore safe to recommend 100-150g of cocoyam leaves/ 6litres of water for broiler chickens without any negative impact on growth rate of the broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in aflatoxin-infected diets on growth performance of broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. A. Ukoha
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Fungal infected feedstuffs are denatured in nutrients and cause them to develop off flavors that often dampen the appetite of livestock and poultry. In this study, the effect of toasted African nutmeg (Monodora myristica) spice in Aspergillus flavus-infested diets on growth performance of broilers was investigated in a 2 x 3 factorial experimentthat lasted for 42 days. Three out of 6 dietary treatments were infected with 1mg of pure culture of Aspergillus flavus and toasted Monodora myristica spice included at 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% while the other 3 diets were infection-free with 0%, 0.5% and 1.0% Monodora myristica inclusion respectively. Each treatment was replicated three times at 30 chickens per replicate. Infection status was significant (P<0.05) for daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were 134.19g/bird/day, 39.23g/bird/day, 3.59g/bird/day and 1.10g/bird/day, respectively for the non-infected diets. The aflatoxin infection from Aspergillus flavus was observed to reduce (P<0.05) feed intake to 130.51g/bird/day and weight gain (33.67g/bird/day). FCR and PER were also reduced (P<0.05) by the presence of aflatoxin from Aspergillus flavus in the diet. Effect of Monodora myristica supplementation on feed intake, average daily weight gain, FCR and Protein efficiency ratio was significant (P<0.05) for all the measured parameters. The Feed intake, average daily weight gain, FCR and protein efficiency increased (P<0.05) as Monodora myristica inclusion level increased. Feed intake (119.8g/b/d), daily weight gain (28.90g/b/d), FCR (4.28) and PER (0.94) were observed in the Monodora-free (0%) diet. 0.5% and 1.0% levels of Monodora inclusion produced similar (P>0.05) effects on all the growth parameters but were higher than the control. The interaction of aflatoxin infection and Monodora inclusion level were significant for all the growth parameters. The interaction of aflatoxin infection x Monodora inclusion levels recorded feed intake of 107.97g/b/d, 137.36 and 146.19g/b/d respectively for 0, 0.5 and 1.0% Monodora; 22.27g/b/d, 37.87g/b/d and 40.83g/b/d daily weight gain and 4.85%, 3.63% and 3.58% FCR. The interaction effect of Monodora inclusion level in infection-free diets on the birds feed intake were 131.65g/b/d, 147.24g/b/d and 123.67g/b/d respectively for 0%, 0.5% and 1.0%. The interaction effect at 0.5% inclusion level x non-infected diet was significantly higher (41.31g/b/d) than that at 0% inclusion level on daily gain. However, the daily weight gain of 40.83g/b/d observed in the interaction of 1.0% Monodora level x aflatoxin -free diet similar (P<0.05) to that observed in the 0.5% inclusion level. The feed conversion ratio produced by the interactions at the three different levels (0, 0.5 and 1.0%) in the Aspergillus-free diets were (P>0.05) 3.71, 3.57 and 3.49 respectively while PER were (P<0.05) 1.05, 1.13 and 1.11 respectively. The Monodorafree diet recorded 9.26% drumstick, 2.26% liver 0.65% kidney and 2.43% gizzard, while the diet that had 0.5% Monodora myristica yielded 2.12% liver and 2.29% gizzard. Inclusion of Monodora up to 1.0% recorded 1.63% liver weight. Aspergillus flavus alone caused a reduction in live weight, dressed weight, thigh, kidney, breast meat, gizzard and an enlargement in the liver. Monodora myristica inclusion level also affected (p<0.05) all the parameters except dressed weight, thigh and back cut. Kidney and liver were observed to decrease as the level of inclusion of Monodora myristica increased. The interaction of Monodora myristica and Aspergillus flavus on the parameters were significant (p<0.05). From the results, Monodora myristica may be beneficial to poultry farmers, since about 90% of the poultry feed ingredients especially grains are constantly exposed to aflatoxin infection from Aspergillus flavus and other mycotoxin infections which hinder maximum nutrient utilization and affect the rate of conversion of feed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of simple and adaptable feed ingredient mix for broiler chickens Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
J. O. Agbede ◽  
O. D. Aboyewa ◽  
A. O. Ayeni ◽  
O. D. Oloruntola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Commercial Diet

A 42-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the simple and adaptable feed ingredient mix for broiler chickens' production. The four formulated diets were used as a straight diet with the fish meal (FM), groundnut cake (GNC) and soya bean meal (SBM) having the varying ratio of inclusion as in diet 1 (1:4.5:2.5), diet 2 (1:3.5:3.5), diet 3 (1:2.5:4.5) and diet 4 (1:3:4), respectively. These were compared with two primary commercial feeds which were coded as AF and TF and used for starter and finisher phases. Three hundred, one-day old Marshall breed chicks were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments (50 birds/treatment; 5 replicate/treatment) in a Completely Randomized Design. Parameters such as feed intake, weight gain, carcass traits, and relative weight of the internal organs and economic analysis of the chicks' production were measured. The daily weight gain of the broiler chickens fed diet 3 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed other diets, while the least daily feed intake was recorded in chicks fed diet 1. The broiler chickens fed with diet 5, a commercial diet consumed higher (P<0.05) quantity of feed, compared to those fed rest experimental diets; while the bird fed diet 1 recorded the least (P<0.05) quantity of feed consumed. The broiler chickens fed diet 3 had better (P<0.05) feed conversion to weight, when compared to those fed the rest diets. All the carcass traits and relative organs measured varied significantly (P<0.05) with diets except the dressed weight. The test diets 3 and 4 had better cost/weight gain (N239 and N228.9) compared to the two commercial diets 5 (N269.4) and 6 (N296.8). It is therefore concluded that the simple mix ratio with FM:GNC: SBM ratios of 1:2.5:4.5 and 1:3:4 could be measured using local measuring items such as congos, milk tin, and tablespoon by peri-urban and backyard poultry farmers.     Un essai d'alimentation de 42 jours a été mené pour évaluer le mélange d'ingrédients alimentaires simple et adaptable pour la production de poulets de chair. Les quatre régimes formulés ont été utilisés comme un simple diététique avec la farine de poisson (le 'FM'), le tourteau d'arachide (le 'GNC') et la farine de soja (le 'SBM') ayant le rapport variable d'inclusion comme 1 : 4.5 : 2.5), régime2 (1: 3.5: 3.5), régime3 (1: 2.5: 4.5) et régime4 (1: 3: 4), respectivement.Ceux-ci ont été comparés aux aliments commerciaux primaires qui ont été codés comme AF et TF et utilisés pour les phases de commencement et de terminaison. Trois cents poussins de race Marshall, âgés d'un jour a été assignés au hasard à six traitements diététiques (50 oiseaux / traitement ; 5 répétitions / traitement) dans une conception complètement aléatoire. Des paramètres tels que la consommation alimentaire, le gain de poids, les caractéristiques de la carcasse et le poids relatif des organes internes et économiques l'analyse de la production des poussins a été mesurée. Le gain de poids quotidien des poulets de chair nourris avec le régime 3 était significativement (P <0.05) plus élevé que ceux nourris avec d'autres régimes, tandis que la moindre prise alimentaire quotidienne a été enregistrée chez les poussins nourris au régime 1. Les poulets de chair nourris avec le régime 5, un régime commercial consommé une quantité d'aliments plus élevée (P <0.05), par rapport aux régimes expérimentaux de repos nourris; tandis que le régime alimentaire pour oiseaux 1 enregistrait la moindre (P <0.05) quantité d'aliments consommée. Les poulets de chair nourris avec le régime 3 avaient une meilleure conversion alimentaire (P <0.05) en poids, par rapport à ceux nourris avec le reste. Tous les traits de carcasse et organes relatifs mesurés variaient significativement (P <0.05) avec les régimes sauf le poids habillé. Les régimes de test 3 et 4 avaient un meilleur gain de coût / poids (₦239 et ₦228.9) par rapport aux deux régimes commerciaux 5 (₦269.4) et 6 (₦296.8). Il a donc conclu que le rapport de mélange simplifié avec FM :GNC : SB 1 :3 : 4 pourrait être mesuré en utilisant des éléments de mesure locaux, comme les 'congos', le 'milkcup' et les cuillères à soupe par les éleveurs de volailles en milieu urbain et de basse-cour.

scholarly journals Growth and serum mineral profile of broiler starter fed dried cocoyam tuber (colocasia esculenta) meal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Onyekwere M. U. ◽  
Jiwuba P. C. ◽  
Okechukwu S. O. ◽  
Anuonye A. C.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Inclusion Level

A 30-day experiment was conducted with 240 unsexed broiler starters to determine the effect of cocoyam tuber meal on growth and serum mineral profile. Four diets were formulated at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of cocoyam tuber meal. The birds were assigned the four treatment diets in a completely randomized design and replicated 3 times with 20 birds per replicate. Feed and water were supplied ad-libitum. Data were collected on average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and blood was sampled from each treatment group, data obtained were analysed statistically. The performance of the broiler starter birds showed significant (p<0.05) difference among the treatment groups. Average daily weight gain was improved (p<0.05) by cocoyam inclusion at 30% inclusion level. FCR of the birds in treatment groups were significantly (p<0.05) better than the control. The parameters of serum mineral profile maintained a significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatments and showed a good evidence of body structural components of the birds. These results showed that inclusion of cocoyam tuber meal had a beneficial effect on performance and structural components of broiler starters. Cocoyam tuber meal inclusion level at 30% was recommended for optimum broiler starter birds.

scholarly journals Performance characteristics of weaner rabbits on cassava peel-based balanced diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
R. A. Bello ◽  
O. A. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Faecal Output ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Cassava Peel

An eight-week trial was conducted to determine the optimum level of substitution of dried cassava peel meal (DCPM) for maize in rabbit diets balanced for varying energy, nitrogen and fibre contents. Six experimental diets were compounded such that DCPM replaced maize at 0%, 50%, 62.5%, 75%, 87.5% and 100% levels. Each diet was fed to five replicates of a weaner rabbit, averaging 0.49kg initial body weight. Water and feed were provided ad libitum throughout the 8 week period and their intake as well as faecal output were measured daily. Body weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion were determined weekly. No significant effects of replacement of maize in the control diet with graded levels of DCPM were observed on final body weight (FW), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed cost per unit weight gain (FC/WG). However, there were significant effects of dietary treatments on daily faecal output (DFO) (P<0.05) and daily feed (DFC) and daily water (DWC) consumption (P<0.01). The results of this study demonstrate that DCPM could replace 100% of dietary maize without adverse effects on rate, efficiency and economy of weight gain. Savings in feed cost were also achieved as a result of the use of DCPM and these ranged from 13.2 to 18.7%. 

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